Amazonia is the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 115(23), P. 6034 - 6039

Published: May 14, 2018

Significance Amazonia is not only the world’s most diverse rainforest but also region in tropical America that has contributed to its total biodiversity. We show this by estimating and comparing evolutionary history of a large number animal plant species. find there been extensive interchange lineages among different regions biomes, over course tens millions years. stands out as primary source diversity, which can be mainly explained amount time Amazonian have occupied region. The exceedingly rich heterogeneous diversity American tropics could achieved high rates dispersal events across continent.

Language: Английский

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Amazon plant diversity revealed by a taxonomically verified species list

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(40), P. 10695 - 10700

Published: Sept. 18, 2017

Significance Large floristic datasets that purportedly represent the diversity and composition of Amazon tree flora are being widely used to draw conclusions about patterns evolution plant diversity, but these fundamentally flawed in both their methodology resulting content. We have assembled a comprehensive dataset Amazonian seed species from published sources includes falsifiable data based on voucher specimens identified by taxonomic specialists. This growing list should serve as basis for addressing long-standing debate number Amazon, well downstream ecological evolutionary analyses aimed at understanding origin function exceptional biodiversity vast forests.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Legume Systematics 14. Classification of Caesalpinioideae. Part 2: Higher-level classification

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 240, P. 1 - 552

Published: April 3, 2024

Caesalpinioideae is the second largest subfamily of legumes (Leguminosae) with ca. 4680 species and 163 genera. It an ecologically economically important group formed mostly woody perennials that range from large canopy emergent trees to functionally herbaceous geoxyles, lianas shrubs, which has a global distribution, occurring on every continent except Antarctica. Following recent re-circumscription 15 genera as presented in Advances Legume Systematics 14, Part 1, using basis phylogenomic analysis 997 nuclear gene sequences for 420 all but five currently recognised subfamily, we present new higher-level classification subfamily. The comprises eleven tribes, are either new, reinstated or re-circumscribed at this rank: Caesalpinieae Rchb. (27 / 223 species), Campsiandreae LPWG (2 5–22), Cassieae Bronn (7 695), Ceratonieae (4 6), Dimorphandreae Benth. 35), Erythrophleeae /13), Gleditsieae Nakai (3 20), Mimoseae (100 3510), Pterogyneae (1 1), Schizolobieae (8 42–43), Sclerolobieae & Hook. f. (5 113). Although many these lineages have been named past, tribes informal generic groups, their circumscriptions varied widely changed over past decades, such described here differ membership those previously recognised. Importantly, approximately 3500 100 former Mimosoideae now placed reinstated, newly circumscribed, tribe Mimoseae. Because size ecological importance tribe, also provide clade-based system includes 17 lower-level clades. Fourteen remain unplaced clades: eight resolved two grades six phylogenetically isolated monogeneric lineages. In addition classification, key genera, morphological descriptions notes diversity growth forms, foliage, flowers fruits illustrated each genus distribution map, based quality-controlled herbarium specimen localities. A glossary specialised terms used legume morphology provided. This provides solid communication framework downstream analyses biogeography, trait evolution diversification, well taxonomic revision still understudied

Language: Английский

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Coevolutionary arms race versus host defense chase in a tropical herbivore–plant system

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 114(36)

Published: Aug. 21, 2017

Significance Although plants and their herbivores account for most of macroscopic, terrestrial biodiversity, we do not fully understand the evolutionary origins this high diversity. Coevolutionary theory proposes that adaptations between are reciprocal interactions might have driven diversification community composition. Contrary to scenario defense counterdefense, find an apparent asymmetry in herbivores. Specifically, despite constraints long lifetimes trees, plant–antiherbivore defenses may be more evolutionarily labile than herbivore hosts, allowing long-lived plant species persist arms race with insect In contrast, “chasing” plants, feeding on which they preadaptations.

Language: Английский

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Conceptual and empirical advances in Neotropical biodiversity research

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6, P. e5644 - e5644

Published: Oct. 4, 2018

The unparalleled biodiversity found in the American tropics (the Neotropics) has attracted attention of naturalists for centuries. Despite major advances recent years our understanding origin and diversification many Neotropical taxa biotic regions, questions remain to be answered. Additional biological geological data are still needed, as well methodological that capable bridging these research fields. In this review, aimed primarily at advanced students early-career scientists, we introduce concept "trans-disciplinary biogeography," which refers integration from multiple areas biology (e.g., community ecology, phylogeography, systematics, historical biogeography) Earth physical sciences geology, climatology, palaeontology), a means reconstruct giant puzzle evolution space time. We caution against extrapolating results derived study one or few convey general scenarios landscape formation. urge more coordination ideas among disciplines, transcending their traditional boundaries, basis advancing tomorrow's ground-breaking research. Our review highlights great opportunities studying biota understand life.

Language: Английский

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Herbivores as drivers of negative density dependence in tropical forest saplings

Science, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 363(6432), P. 1213 - 1216

Published: March 14, 2019

Ecological theory predicts that the high local diversity observed in tropical forests is maintained by negative density-dependent interactions within and between closely related plant species. By using long-term data on tree growth survival for coexisting Inga (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae) congeners, we tested two mechanisms thought to underlie density dependence (NDD): competition resources attack herbivores. We quantified similarity of neighbors terms key ecological traits mediate these interactions, as well herbivore communities. show phytochemical shared communities are associated with decreased at sapling stage, a bottleneck life cycle trees. None resource acquisition affect performance, indicating may not shape diversity. These results suggest pressure primary mechanism driving NDD stage.

Language: Английский

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Plant Biodiversity Drivers in Brazilian Campos Rupestres: Insights from Phylogenetic Structure

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: Dec. 19, 2017

Old, climate-buffered infertile landscapes (Ocbils) have attracted increasing levels of interest in recent years because their exceptionally diverse plant communities. Brazil's campos rupestres (rupestrian grasslands) are home to almost 15% native flora less than 0.8% territory: an ideal study system for exploring variation floristic diversity and phylogenetic structure sites differing geology phytophysiognomy. We found significant differences across a range encompassing open vegetation forest on quartzite (FQ) ironstone substrates, commonly termed canga. Substrate physiognomy were key structuring the Espinhaço was more important substrate diversity, with neither nor its interaction accounting structure. Phylogenetic clustering both canga quartzite, reflecting potential role environmental filtering these exposed montane communities adapted multiple stressors. In communities, only at relatively deep nodes phylogeny FQ while no detected (FC), which may be attributable proximity megadiverse Atlantic biome and/or comparatively benign conditions FC deep, nutrient-rich soils access edaphic water reliable comparison those or quartzite. Clades representing old lineages significantly over-represented consistent Gondwanan Heritage Hypothesis Ocbil theory. contrast, forested recognized as Yodfels. To effective, conservation measures must take account distinct encompassed within broad term rupestres, vulnerabilities Ocbils

Language: Английский

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Andean Tectonics and Mantle Dynamics as a Pervasive Influence on Amazonian Ecosystem

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Nov. 14, 2019

The Amazonian landscape evolution is the result of combined effect Andean tectonism, climate and Earth's interior dynamics. To reconstruct its influence on paleoenvironmental variations within Amazonia since Oligocene, we conducted numerical experiments that incorporate different surface geodynamic processes, reproducing many paleogeographic features as inferred from sedimentary record. We show drainage pattern gradually reduced area sedimentation derived Guiana Brazilian shields while expanded deposits during Miocene, affecting nutrient availability. First order biotic habitats were these paleogeographical reconstructions, showing an eastward expansion várzea terra firme forests consequent retraction igapó forests, with a millennial-scale reconfiguration mosaic in lowlands. conclude this dynamism probably guided observed patterns speciation most biodiverse biome Earth.

Language: Английский

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Global Succulent Biome phylogenetic conservatism across the pantropical Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae)

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 222(4), P. 1994 - 2008

Published: Dec. 11, 2018

Summary The extent to which phylogenetic biome conservatism vs shifting determines global patterns of biodiversity remains poorly understood. To address this question, we investigated the biogeography and trajectories growth form evolution across Caesalpinia Group (Leguminosae), a clade 225 species trees, shrubs lianas distributed Rainforest, Succulent, Temperate Savanna Biomes. We focused especially on little‐known Succulent Biome, an assemblage succulent‐rich, grass‐poor, seasonally dry tropical vegetation disjunctly Neotropics, Africa, Arabia Madagascar. reconstructed time‐calibrated phylogeny, assembled occurrence data assigned areas, biomes forms. These are used estimate frequency transcontinental disjunctions, shifts evolutionary transitions between forms test for correlated shifts. uncovered pattern strong Biome conservatism. showed that disjunctions confined within frequent Savanna, Rainforest Biomes infrequent closely associated with in plant Our results suggest comprises ecologically constrained arena spanning large geographical tropics.

Language: Английский

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Global patterns of population genetic differentiation in seed plants

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(18), P. 3413 - 3428

Published: Aug. 3, 2020

Evaluating the factors that drive patterns of population differentiation in plants is critical for understanding several biological processes such as local adaptation and incipient speciation. Previous studies have given conflicting results regarding significance pollination mode, seed dispersal mating system, growth form latitudinal region shaping genetic structure, estimated by FST values, no study to date has tested their relative importance together across a broad scale. Here, we assembled 337-species data set from publications with on nuclear markers species traits, including variables pertaining sampling scheme each study. We used while accounting variables, perform phylogenetic multiple regressions. Results demonstrated values were higher tropical, mixed-mating, non-woody pollinated small insects, indicating greater differentiation, lower temperate, outcrossing trees wind. Among tested, explained largest portion variance, followed system form, mode did not significantly relate . Our analyses provide most robust comprehensive evaluation main ecological predicted plants, important implications basis divergence. supports previous findings showing tropical regions first are aware robustly demonstrate insects.

Language: Английский

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