Structure and function relationships of mucociliary clearance in human and rat airways

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 11, 2025

Mucociliary clearance is a vital defense mechanism of the human airways, protecting against harmful particles and infections. When this process fails, it contributes to respiratory diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) asthma. While advances in single-cell transcriptomics have revealed complexity airway composition, much what we know about how structure impacts relies on animal studies. This limits our ability create accurate human-based models diseases. Here show that airways female rats humans exhibit species-specific differences distribution ciliated secretory cells as well ciliary beat, resulting significantly higher effectiveness humans. We further reveal standard lab-grown cultures lower compared identify underlying structural differences. By combining diverse experiments physics-based modeling, establish universal benchmarks assess function, interpret preclinical models, better understand disease-specific impairments mucociliary clearance. crucial for but its structure-function relationships are not fully understood. Here, authors epithelial by mapping cilia distribution, comparing rat developing quantitative function.

Language: Английский

---

The model squid–vibrio symbiosis provides a window into the impact of strain‐ and species‐level differences during the initial stages of symbiont engagement

Environmental Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(9), P. 3269 - 3283

Published: Aug. 23, 2018

Among horizontally acquired symbioses, the mechanisms underlying microbial strain- and species-level specificity remain poorly understood. Here, confocal-microscopy analyses genetic manipulation of squid-vibrio association revealed quantitative differences in a symbiont's capacity to interact with host during initial engagement. Specifically, dominant strains Vibrio fischeri, 'D-type', previously named for their dominant, single-strain colonization squid's bioluminescent organ, were compared 'S-type', or 'sharing', strains, which can co-colonize organ. These D-type typically: (i) formed aggregations 100s-1000s cells on light-organ surface, up 3 orders magnitude larger than those S-type strains; (ii) showed dominance co-aggregation experiments, independent inoculum size strain proportion; (iii) perturbed areas organ's ciliated surface; and, (iv) appeared at pore organ approximately 4×s more quickly strains. At least part, genes responsible biofilm synthesis control hyperaggregation phenotype strain. Other marine vibrios produced relatively small aggregations, while an array Gram-positive -negative species outside Vibrionaceae did not attach surface. studies provide insight into impact variation early events leading establishment environmentally symbiosis.

Language: Английский

---

Achieving a multi-strain symbiosis: strain behavior and infection dynamics

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 698 - 706

Published: Oct. 23, 2018

Language: Английский

---

Diversity of cilia-based mechanosensory systems and their functions in marine animal behaviour

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 375(1792), P. 20190376 - 20190376

Published: Dec. 30, 2019

Sensory cells that detect mechanical forces usually have one or more specialized cilia. These mechanosensory underlie hearing, proprioception gravity sensation. To date, it is unclear how cilia contribute to detecting and what the relationship between ciliated in different animal groups sensory systems. Here, we review examples of with a focus on marine invertebrate animals. We discuss various mediate responses during feeding, tactic predator–prey interactions. also highlight some these systems as interesting accessible models for future in-depth behavioural, functional molecular studies. envisage embracing broader diversity organisms could lead complete view cilia-based mechanosensation. This article part Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity locomotion transport’.

Language: Английский

---

Spontaneous phase coordination and fluid pumping in model ciliary carpets

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 119(45)

Published: Nov. 2, 2022

Ciliated tissues, such as in the mammalian lungs, brains, and reproductive tracts, are specialized to pump fluid. They generate flows by collective activity of hundreds thousands individual cilia that beat a striking metachronal wave pattern. Despite progress analyzing coordination, general theory links coordination fluid pumping limit large arrays remains lacking. Here, we conduct silico experiments with hydrodynamically interacting cilia, develop continuum infinitely many independently beating combining tools from active matter classical Stokes flow. We find, both simulations theory, isotropic synchronized ciliary states unstable. Traveling waves emerge regardless initial conditions, but characteristics net depend on tissue properties. That is, phase is stable global attractor carpets, even under finite perturbations These results support notion functional specificity ciliated tissues interlaced architecture kinematics open up prospect establishing structure function maps cilium-level tissue-level pumping.

Language: Английский

---

Bio‐Inspired Active Self‐Cleaning Surfaces via Filament‐Like Sweepers Array

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(25)

Published: March 30, 2023

Hydrodynamic forces from moving fluids can be utilized to remove contaminants which is an ideal fouling-release strategy for underwater surfaces. However, the hydrodynamic in viscous sublayer are greatly reduced owing no-slip condition, restricts their practical applications. Here, inspired by sweeper tentacles of corals, active self-cleaning surface with flexible filament-like sweepers reported. The penetrate utilizing energy outer turbulent flows and adhesion strength >30 kPa. Under oscillating flow, removal rate single reach up 99.5% due dynamic buckling movements. In addition, array completely clean its coverage area within 10 s through coordinated movements as symplectic waves. depends on fluid-structure coupling between flows, breaks concept conventional self-cleaning.

Language: Английский

---

Lighting the way: how the Vibrio fischeri model microbe reveals the complexity of Earth’s “simplest” life forms

Journal of Bacteriology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 206(5)

Published: May 2, 2024

ABSTRACT Vibrio ( Aliivibrio ) fischeri ’s initial rise to fame derived from its alluring production of blue-green light. Subsequent studies probe the mechanisms underlying this bioluminescence helped field discover phenomenon now known as quorum sensing. Orthologs quorum-sensing regulators (i.e., LuxR and LuxI) originally identified in V. were subsequently uncovered a plethora bacterial species, analogous pathways found yet others. Over past three decades, study microbe has greatly expanded unique role exclusive symbiont light organ Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes . Buoyed by optically amenable host persistent insightful researchers who have applied novel cross-disciplinary approaches, developed into robust model for microbe-host associations. It contributed our understanding how bacteria experience respond specific, often fluxing environmental conditions which impact development their host. also deepened numerous microbial processes such motility chemotaxis, biofilm formation dispersal, competition, relevance specific genes context colonizing an animal Parallels these between studied pathogens are readily apparent, demonstrating functional conservation across diverse associations permitting reinterpretation “pathogenesis.” Collectively, advances built foundation microbiome positioned continue expand frontiers world inside animals.

Language: Английский

---

Vibrio fischeri : a model for host-associated biofilm formation

Journal of Bacteriology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 206(2)

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

ABSTRACT Multicellular communities of adherent bacteria known as biofilms are often detrimental in the context a human host, making it important to study their formation and dispersal, especially animal models. One such model is symbiosis between squid Euprymna scolopes bacterium Vibrio fischeri . Juvenile hatch aposymbiotically selectively acquire symbiont from natural seawater containing diverse environmental microbes. Successful pairing facilitated by ciliary movements that direct quiet zones on surface squid’s symbiotic light organ where V. forms small aggregate or biofilm. Subsequently, disperse enter organ, ultimately reaching colonizing deep crypt spaces. Although transient, critical for optimal colonization tightly controlled. In vitro studies have identified variety polysaccharides proteins comprise extracellular matrix. Some most well-characterized matrix factors include polysaccharide (SYP), cellulose polysaccharide, LapV adhesin. this review, we discuss these components, regulation, other less understood biofilm contributors. We also highlight what currently about dispersal aggregates host cues may promote it. Finally, briefly describe discoveries gleaned isolates. By unraveling complexities involved ’s control over begin understand how environment triggers transient unique relationship.

Language: Английский

---

Neuronal coordination of motile cilia in locomotion and feeding

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 375(1792), P. 20190165 - 20190165

Published: Dec. 30, 2019

Efficient ciliary locomotion and transport require the coordination of motile cilia. Short-range beats can occur by biophysical mechanisms. Long-range across large or disjointed ciliated fields often requires nervous system control innervation cells ciliomotor neurons. The neuronal cilia is best understood in invertebrate microswimmers, but similar mechanisms may operate vertebrate body. Here, we review how study aquatic invertebrates contributed to our understanding We summarize anatomy systems physiological that alter activity. also discuss most well-characterized system, larval annelid Platynereis . pacemaker neurons drive rhythmic activation cholinergic serotonergic induce arrests beating. form a distinct part system. Similar likely other larvae, such as mollusc veligers. possible ancestry conservation circuits highlight comparative experimental approaches could contribute better evolution function systems. This article Theo Murphy meeting issue ‘Unity diversity transport’.

Language: Английский

---

Environmental Viscosity Modulates Interbacterial Killing during Habitat Transition

mBio, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Feb. 3, 2020

Symbiotic bacteria use diverse strategies to compete for host colonization sites. However, little is known about the environmental cues that modulate interbacterial competition as they transition between free-living and host-associated lifestyles. We used mutualistic relationship Eupyrmna scolopes squid Vibrio fischeri investigate how intraspecific regulated symbionts move from seawater a host-like environment. recently reported V. uses type VI secretion system (T6SS) during colonization. Here, we investigated viscosity impacts T6SS-mediated by using liquid hydrogel medium mimics viscous Our data demonstrate although T6SS functionally inactive when cells are grown under low-viscosity conditions similar those found in seawater, exposure high-viscosity enhances expression sheath formation, activates killing 30 min, promotes coaggregation of competing genotypes. Finally, mass spectrometry-based proteomics revealed insights into may prepare this habitat transition. These findings, which establish new culture condition studying interactions, indicate rapidly responds physical environment activate competitive mechanisms colonization.IMPORTANCE Bacteria often engage interference gain access an ecological niche, such host. experienced or influences competition. bioluminescent symbiont study bacterial results suggest upon planktonic environment, their system, contact-dependent nanoweapon, eliminate natural competitors. This work shows competitor form aggregates conditions, thereby facilitating contact required killing, reveals regulates key mechanism response

Language: Английский

---