Biodegradation of polyethylene microplastic particles by the fungus Aspergillus flavus from the guts of wax moth Galleria mellonella

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 704, P. 135931 - 135931

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

Language: Английский

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Defining and quantifying the core microbiome: Challenges and prospects

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 118(51)

Published: Dec. 3, 2021

The term "core microbiome" has become widely used in microbial ecology over the last decade. Broadly, core microbiome refers to any set of taxa, or genomic and functional attributes associated with those that are characteristic a host environment interest. Most commonly, microbiomes measured as taxa shared among two more samples from particular environment. Despite popularity this its growing use, there is little consensus about how should be quantified practice. Here, we present brief history concept use representative sample literature review different metrics commonly for quantifying core. Empirical analyses have wide range microbiome, including arbitrary occurrence abundance cutoff values, focal taxonomic level ranging phyla amplicon sequence variants. However, many these susceptible sampling other biases. Developing standardized accounts such biases necessary testing specific hypotheses ecological roles microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Comparative Analyses of Vertebrate Gut Microbiomes Reveal Convergence between Birds and Bats

mBio, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 6, 2020

In this comprehensive survey of microbiomes >900 species, including 315 mammals and 491 birds, we find a striking convergence the birds animals that fly. nonflying mammals, diet short-term evolutionary relatedness drive microbiome, many microbial species are specific to particular kind mammal, but flying break pattern with microbes shared across different little correlation either or hosts. This finding suggests adaptation flight breaks long-held relationships between hosts their microbes.

Language: Английский

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Bacterial Symbionts in Lepidoptera: Their Diversity, Transmission, and Impact on the Host

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: March 27, 2018

The insect´s microbiota is well acknowledged as a "hidden" player influencing essential insect traits. gut microbiome of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) has been shown to be highly variable between within species, resulting in controversy on the functional relevance microbes this order. Here, we aim (i) review current knowledge composition microbial communities across Lepidoptera, (ii) elucidate drivers variability lepidopteran microbiome, provide an overview (iii) routes transfer (iv) putative functions Lepidoptera. To find out whether Lepidopterans possess core compared studies from 30 species. Gut bacteria Enterobacteriaceae, Bacillaceae Pseudomonadaceae families were most widespread with Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter Enterococcus being common genera. Several indicate that habitat, food plant age host can greatly impact which contributes digestion, detoxification, or defense against natural enemies. We mainly focus but also include some examples intracellular endosymbionts. These symbionts are present broad range taxa, known exert different effects their host, mostly including nutrition reproductive manipulation. Only two genera (Wolbachia Spiroplasma) have reported colonize tissues affecting host's reproduction. explore transmission both symbionts, found these may horizontally transmitted through plant, vertically via egg stage. More detailed about plasticity Lepidoptera novel leads for control pest

Language: Английский

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Drivers of Microbiome Biodiversity: A Review of General Rules, Feces, and Ignorance

mBio, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(4)

Published: July 30, 2018

The alpha diversity of ecologic communities is affected by many biotic and abiotic drivers and, in turn, affects ecosystem functioning. Yet, patterns host-associated microbial (microbiomes) are poorly studied the appropriateness general theory untested. Expanding to include microbiomes essential as a frequently cited metric their status. Here, we review newly analyze reports for animal gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that both diet body size affect but physiology (fermenter versus simple) most important driver. also assess advantages various metrics. importance often assumed has not been tested outright. Therefore, close discussing how integrate into field biodiversity-ecosystem functioning more clearly understand when why host supports diverse communities.

Language: Английский

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Not all animals need a microbiome

FEMS Microbiology Letters, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 366(10)

Published: May 1, 2019

ABSTRACT It is often taken for granted that all animals host and depend upon a microbiome, yet this has only been shown small proportion of species. We propose span continuum reliance on microbial symbionts. At one end are the famously symbiont-dependent species such as aphids, humans, corals cows, in which microbes abundant important to fitness. In middle may tolerate some colonization but minimally or facultatively dependent. other lack beneficial symbionts altogether. While their existence seem improbable, capable limiting growth bodies, microbially independent lifestyle be favored by selection under circumstances. There already evidence several ‘microbiome-free’ lineages represent distantly related branches animal phylogeny. discuss why these have received little attention, highlighting potential contaminants, transients, parasites masquerade also suggest ways explore microbiomes address limitations DNA sequencing. call further research microbiome-free taxa provide more complete understanding ecology evolution macrobe-microbe interactions.

Language: Английский

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Honey bees as models for gut microbiota research

Lab Animal, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 47(11), P. 317 - 325

Published: Oct. 11, 2018

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota structure differs between honeybees in winter and summer

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 801 - 814

Published: Dec. 13, 2019

Abstract Adult honeybees harbor a specialized gut microbiota of relatively low complexity. While seasonal differences in community composition have been reported, previous studies focused on compositional changes rather than absolute bacterial loads. Moreover, little is known about the winter bees, which live much longer bees during foraging season, and are critical for colony survival. We quantified seven core members bee single over 2 years characterized 14 colonies summer winter. Our data show that total loads substantially differ between foragers, nurses, bees. Long-lived had highest lowest α-diversity, with characteristic shift toward high levels Bartonella Commensalibacter, reduction opportunistic colonizers. Using gnotobiotic experiments, we diet major contributor to observed Overall, our study reveals remarkably different from foragers nurses. Considering importance survival, future work should focus role health disease.

Language: Английский

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The microbiome extends host evolutionary potential

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Aug. 26, 2021

Abstract The microbiome shapes many host traits, yet the biology of microbiomes challenges traditional evolutionary models. Here, we illustrate how integrating into quantitative genetics can help untangle complexities host-microbiome evolution. We describe two general ways in which may affect potential: by shifting mean phenotype and changing variance population. synthesize literature across diverse taxa discuss these scenarios could shape response to selection. conclude outlining key avenues research improve our understanding complex interplay between hosts microbiomes.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary and Ecological Consequences of Gut Microbial Communities

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 451 - 475

Published: Aug. 29, 2019

Animals are distinguished by having guts—organs that must extract nutrients from food yet also bar invasion pathogens. Most guts colonized nonpathogenic microorganisms, but the functions of these microbes, or even reasons why they occur in gut, vary widely among animals. Sometimes microorganisms have codiversified with hosts; sometimes live mostly elsewhere environment. Either way, gut often benefit hosts. Benefits may reflect evolutionary addiction, whereby hosts incorporate into normal developmental processes. But benefits include novel ecological capabilities; for example, many metazoan clades exist virtue communities enabling new dietary niches. immensely their dependence on lacking them entirely to using as obligate development, nutrition, protection. Many consequences can be ascribed microbial community processes and host's ability shape

Language: Английский

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