Applying the core microbiome to understand host–microbe systems

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 89(7), P. 1549 - 1558

Published: April 5, 2020

Abstract The host‐associated core microbiome was originally coined to refer common groups of microbes or genes that were likely be particularly important for host biological function. However, the term has evolved encompass variable definitions across studies, often identifying key with respect their spatial distribution, temporal stability ecological influence, as well contribution function and fitness. A major barrier reaching a consensus over how define its relevance biological, evolutionary theory is lack precise terminology associated definitions, persistent association Common, microbiomes can together generate insights into processes act independently function, while functional host‐adapted cores distinguish between facultative near‐obligate symbionts differ in effects on This commentary summarizes five broad have been applied literature, highlighting strengths limitations advancing our understanding host–microbe systems, noting where they are overlap, discussing potential No one definition capture range population. Applied together, reveal different layers microbial organization from which we begin understand govern interactions.

Language: Английский

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An introduction to phylosymbiosis

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(1922), P. 20192900 - 20192900

Published: March 4, 2020

Phylosymbiosis was recently formulated to support a hypothesis-driven framework for the characterization of new, cross-system trend in host-associated microbiomes. Defining phylosymbiosis as ‘microbial community relationships that recapitulate phylogeny their host’, we review relevant literature and data last decade, emphasizing frequently used methods regular patterns observed analyses. Quantitative is provided by statistical evaluating higher microbiome variation between host species than within species, topological similarities dendrogram, positive association genetic beta diversity. Significant degrees are prevalent, but not universal, microbiomes plants animals from terrestrial aquatic habitats. Consistent with natural selection shaping phylosymbiosis, transplant experiments demonstrate reduced performance and/or fitness upon host–microbiome mismatches. Hybridization can also disrupt phylosymbiotic cause hybrid pathologies. The pervasiveness carries several important implications advancing knowledge eco-evolutionary processes impact interactions future applications precision microbiology. Important steps will be examine beyond bacterial communities, apply evolutionary modelling an increasingly sophisticated understanding unravel microbial mechanisms contribute pattern. This serves gateway experimental, conceptual quantitative themes outlines opportunities ripe investigation diversity disciplines.

Language: Английский

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Host habitat is the major determinant of the gut microbiome of fish

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 31, 2021

Our understanding of the gut microbiota animals is largely based on studies mammals. To better understand evolutionary basis symbiotic relationships between animal hosts and indigenous microbes, it necessary to investigate non-mammalian vertebrate species. In particular, fish have highest species diversity among groups vertebrates, with approximately 33,000 this study, we comprehensively characterized bacterial communities in fish.

Language: Английский

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Host specificity of the gut microbiome

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 19(10), P. 639 - 653

Published: May 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Diversity and functional landscapes in the microbiota of animals in the wild

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6539)

Published: March 25, 2021

Animals in the wild are able to subsist on pathogen-infected and poisonous food show immunity various diseases. These may be due their microbiota, yet we have a poor understanding of animal microbial diversity function. We used metagenomics analyze gut microbiota more than 180 species wild, covering diverse classes, feeding behaviors, geographies, traits. Using de novo metagenome assembly, constructed functionally annotated database 5000 genomes, comprising 1209 bacterial which 75% unknown. The composition, diversity, functional content exhibit associations with taxonomy, diet, activity, social structure, life span. identify animals as largely untapped resource for discovery therapeutics biotechnology applications.

Language: Английский

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Diet-microbiome covariation across three giraffe species in a close-contact zone

Global Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e03480 - e03480

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Roles of the gut microbiota in the adaptive evolution of mammalian species

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1808), P. 20190597 - 20190597

Published: Aug. 9, 2020

Every mammalian species harbours a gut microbiota, and variation in the microbiota within can have profound effects on host phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent evidence that microbiotas influenced course of adaptation diversification. Associations with have: (i) promoted diversification by enabling dietary transitions onto difficult-to-digest carbon sources toxic food items; (ii) shaped evolution adaptive phenotypic plasticity through amplification signals from external environment postnatal developmental processes; (iii) generated selection for mechanisms, including innate immune to control benefit fitness. The stability specific lineages varies substantially across phylogeny, may alter ultimate evolutionary outcomes relationships different clades. some species, humans, species-specific appear led dependence certain functions. These studies implicate as significant environmental factor selective agent shaping diet, plasticity, gastrointestinal morphology immunity. This article is part theme issue 'The role microbiome evolution'.

Language: Английский

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Advances in Microbiome Research for Animal Health

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 289 - 311

Published: Dec. 15, 2020

Host-associated microbiomes contribute in many ways to the homeostasis of metaorganism. The microbiome's contributions range from helping provide nutrition and aiding growth, development, behavior protecting against pathogens toxic compounds. Here we summarize current knowledge diversity importance microbiome animals, using representative examples wild domesticated species. We demonstrate how beneficial ecological roles animal-associated can be generally grouped into well-defined main categories microbe-based alternative treatments applied mitigate problems for both economic conservation purposes crucial about host-microbiota symbiotic interactions. suggest a Customized Combination Microbial-Based Therapies promote animal health practice sustainable husbandry. also discuss connections threats associated with biodiversity loss, microorganism extinction, emerging diseases, such as COVID-19 pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Avian gut microbiomes taking flight

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(3), P. 268 - 280

Published: Aug. 12, 2021

Language: Английский

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Disentangling host–microbiota complexity through hologenomics

Nature Reviews Genetics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 23(5), P. 281 - 297

Published: Oct. 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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