Maternal immune activation and neuroinflammation in human neurodevelopmental disorders

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. 564 - 579

Published: Aug. 2, 2021

Language: Английский

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Critical period regulation across multiple timescales

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(38), P. 23242 - 23251

Published: June 5, 2020

Brain plasticity is dynamically regulated across the life span, peaking during windows of early life. Typically assessed in physiological range milliseconds (real time), these trajectories are also influenced on longer timescales developmental time (nurture) and evolutionary (nature), which shape neural architectures that support plasticity. Properly sequenced critical periods circuit refinement build up complex cognitive functions, such as language, from more primary modalities. Here, we consider recent progress biological basis a unifying rubric for understanding multiple timescales. Notably, maturation parvalbumin-positive (PV) inhibitory neurons pivotal. These fast-spiking cells generate gamma oscillations associated with period plasticity, sensitive to circadian gene manipulation, emerge at different rates brain regions, acquire perineuronal nets age, may be by epigenetic factors over generations. features provide further novel insight into impact adversity neurodevelopmental risk mental disorders.

Language: Английский

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High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic aging in wild baboons

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 6, 2021

Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However, within populations, biological aging rates vary. Understanding sources of variation in this process central to understanding the biodemography natural populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age predictor an intensively studied wild baboon population Kenya. Consistent with findings humans, resulting 'epigenetic clock' closely tracks chronological age, but individuals are predicted be somewhat older or younger than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations not explained by strongest predictors lifespan population, early adversity and social integration. Instead, they best male dominance rank: high-ranking males true ages, epigenetic changes rank over time. Our results argue that achieving high baboons - reproductive success imposes costs consistent 'live fast, die young' life-history strategy.For most animals, one health survival, at same rate. In fact, animals species can have different 'biological ages' even when lived number years. humans other mammals shows up chemical modifications as methylation marks. Some researchers call marks 'epigenetic', which literally means 'upon genes'. And some change so combined pattern often called ‘epigenetic clock’. Environmental stressors, such smoking lack physical activity, make clock ‘tick’ faster, making appear expected based on actual These ‘biologically older’ may also experience higher risk age-related disease. Studies revealed reasons behind fast aging, it unclear whether apply wild. It possible life events trigger clock, affecting adulthood. primates, example, has effects fertility survival. Low status negative effect health. To find out experiences environment affect Anderson, Johnston et al. tracked baboons. This clocks strong neither nor strength bonds affected rate ticked. was competition had dramatic clock’s speed. Samples taken times during lives showed sped slowed down moved ladder, reflecting recent experiences, rather lives. On average, measurements overestimated years alpha almost year, showing fighting top comes cost. study highlights way influence aging. The next step understand how ways attain status. could help who evolution interactions environmental conditions survival reproduction. provide insight into human

Language: Английский

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Climate Change and Children’s Mental Health: A Developmental Perspective

Clinical Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 767 - 785

Published: Sept. 14, 2021

Climate change is a major global public-health challenge that will have wide-ranging impacts on human psychological health and well-being. Children adolescents are at particular risk because of their rapidly developing brain, vulnerability to disease, limited capacity avoid or adapt threats impacts. They also more likely worry about climate than any other age group. Drawing developmental life-course perspective, we show climate-change-related can additively, interactively, cumulatively increase psychopathology from conception onward; these effects already occurring; they constitute an important threat healthy development worldwide. We then argue monitoring, measuring, mitigating risks matter social justice crucial long-term investment in mental sciences. conclude with discussion conceptual measurement challenges outline research priorities going forward.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic-based age acceleration in a representative sample of older Americans: Associations with aging-related morbidity and mortality

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(9)

Published: Feb. 21, 2023

Biomarkers developed from DNA methylation (DNAm) data are of growing interest as predictors health outcomes and mortality in older populations. However, it is unknown how epigenetic aging fits within the context known socioeconomic behavioral associations with aging-related a large, population-based, diverse sample. This study uses representative, panel US adults to examine relationship between DNAm-based age acceleration measures prediction cross-sectional longitudinal mortality. We whether recent improvements these scores, using principal component (PC)-based designed remove some technical noise unreliability measurement, improve predictive capability measures. also well perform against well-known such demographics, SES, behaviors. In our sample, calculated “second third generation clocks,” PhenoAge, GrimAge, DunedinPACE, consistently significant predictor including cognitive dysfunction, functional limitations chronic conditions assessed 2 y after DNAm 4-y PC-based do not significantly change or compared earlier versions While usefulness later life quite clear, other factors mental health, behaviors remain equally, if more robust, outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Epigenetic signatures of intergenerational exposure to violence in three generations of Syrian refugees

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Maternal trauma influences infant and adult health outcomes may impact future generations through epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation (DNAm). Research in humans on the intergenerational transmission of effects is limited. In this study, we assessed DNAm signatures war-related violence by comparing germline, prenatal, direct exposures to across three Syrian refugees. We compared families which a pregnant grandmother versus mother was exposed included control group with no exposure war. collected buccal swab samples survey data from mothers 1-2 children each 48 (n = 131 participants). Based an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS), identified differentially methylated regions (DMPs): 14 were associated germline 21 violence. Most DMPs showed same directionality change exposures, suggesting common response Additionally, age acceleration prenatal children, highlighting critical period utero development. This first report signature violence, has important implications for understanding inheritance trauma.

Language: Английский

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Glyphosate and the key characteristics of an endocrine disruptor: A review

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 270, P. 128619 - 128619

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Genes and environments, development and time

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(38), P. 23235 - 23241

Published: Sept. 22, 2020

A now substantial body of science implicates a dynamic interplay between genetic and environmental variation in the development individual differences behavior health. Such outcomes are affected by molecular, often epigenetic, processes involving gene–environment (G–E) that can influence gene expression. Early environments with exposures to poverty, chronic adversities, acutely stressful events have been linked maladaptive compromised health behavior. Genetic impart either enhanced or blunted susceptibility effects such pathogenic environments. However, largely missing from present discourse regarding G–E is role time, “third factor” guiding emergence complex developmental endpoints across different scales time. Trajectories increasingly appear best accounted for complex, interchange among highly elements genes, contexts, time at multiple scales, including neurobiological (minutes milliseconds), genomic (hours minutes), (years months), evolutionary (centuries millennia) This special issue PNAS thus explores timing transactions: The importance timescales plasticity critical periods brain development; epigenetics molecular underpinnings biologically embedded experience; encoding experience biological levels organization; gene-regulatory networks their linkages neuronal networks. Taken together, collection papers offers perspectives on how operates contingently within against backdrop timescales.

Language: Английский

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The role of epigenetics in psychological resilience

The Lancet Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8(7), P. 620 - 629

Published: April 27, 2021

Language: Английский

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Early life microbial exposures shape the Crassostrea gigas immune system for lifelong and intergenerational disease protection

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: June 4, 2022

Abstract Background The interaction of organisms with their surrounding microbial communities influences many biological processes, a notable example which is the shaping immune system in early life. In Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas , role environmental community on maturation — and, importantly, protection from infectious disease still an open question. Results Here, we demonstrate that life exposure durably improves oyster survival when challenged pathogen causing mortality syndrome (POMS), both exposed generation and subsequent one. Combining microbiota, transcriptomic, genetic, epigenetic analyses, show induced changes marks reprogramming gene expression leading to long-term intergenerational against POMS. Conclusions We anticipate this likely extends additional pathogens may prove be important new strategy for safeguarding aquaculture efforts disease. tag videobyte/videoabstract section

Language: Английский

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