Social determinants of health and survival in humans and other animals

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 368(6493)

Published: May 21, 2020

Social animals need connection Much research over the past decade or so has revealed that health and lifespan in humans, highly social animals, are reduced with adversity. We humans not only social, however, similar shown other mammals similarly influenced by isolation Snyder-Mackler et al. reviewed relationships between environment many aspects of well-being across nonhuman investigated similarities these patterns humans. They found same threats responses mammals. Science , this issue p. eaax9553

Language: Английский

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High social status males experience accelerated epigenetic aging in wild baboons

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: April 6, 2021

Aging, for virtually all life, is inescapable. However, within populations, biological aging rates vary. Understanding sources of variation in this process central to understanding the biodemography natural populations. We constructed a DNA methylation-based age predictor an intensively studied wild baboon population Kenya. Consistent with findings humans, resulting 'epigenetic clock' closely tracks chronological age, but individuals are predicted be somewhat older or younger than their known ages. Surprisingly, these deviations not explained by strongest predictors lifespan population, early adversity and social integration. Instead, they best male dominance rank: high-ranking males true ages, epigenetic changes rank over time. Our results argue that achieving high baboons - reproductive success imposes costs consistent 'live fast, die young' life-history strategy.For most animals, one health survival, at same rate. In fact, animals species can have different 'biological ages' even when lived number years. humans other mammals shows up chemical modifications as methylation marks. Some researchers call marks 'epigenetic', which literally means 'upon genes'. And some change so combined pattern often called ‘epigenetic clock’. Environmental stressors, such smoking lack physical activity, make clock ‘tick’ faster, making appear expected based on actual These ‘biologically older’ may also experience higher risk age-related disease. Studies revealed reasons behind fast aging, it unclear whether apply wild. It possible life events trigger clock, affecting adulthood. primates, example, has effects fertility survival. Low status negative effect health. To find out experiences environment affect Anderson, Johnston et al. tracked baboons. This clocks strong neither nor strength bonds affected rate ticked. was competition had dramatic clock’s speed. Samples taken times during lives showed sped slowed down moved ladder, reflecting recent experiences, rather lives. On average, measurements overestimated years alpha almost year, showing fighting top comes cost. study highlights way influence aging. The next step understand how ways attain status. could help who evolution interactions environmental conditions survival reproduction. provide insight into human

Language: Английский

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Stress, diet, exercise: Common environmental factors and their impact on epigenetic age

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 88, P. 101956 - 101956

Published: May 20, 2023

Epigenetic aging clocks have gained significant attention as a tool for predicting age-related health conditions in clinical and research settings. They enabled geroscientists to study the underlying mechanisms of assess effectiveness anti-aging therapies, including diet, exercise environmental exposures. This review explores effects modifiable lifestyle factors' on global DNA methylation landscape, seen by clocks. We also discuss through which these factors contribute biological provide comments what findings mean people willing build an evidence-based pro-longevity lifestyle.

Language: Английский

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Energetic costs of social dominance in wild male baboons

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 292(2039)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

In vertebrates, glucocorticoids can be upregulated in response to both psychosocial and energetic stressors, making it difficult identify the cause of elevated glucocorticoid concentrations when types stressors are present. This problem has been particularly challenging studies social dominance rank wild animals. contrast glucocorticoids, thyroid hormone largely unaffected by therefore offer a better estimate challenges. Here, we measured faecal metabolites triiodothyronine (mT3) (fGC) baboons assessed how these hormonal profiles vary with male rank. We found that alpha males have lower mT3 higher fGC than other ranks, indicating sustained costs status. By contrast, low-ranking but similar non-alpha high-ranking males, reflecting their exposure greater vulnerability higher-ranking males. also mate-guarding fertile females, behaviour expressed at rates partly explains high These findings evidence different experienced low-

Language: Английский

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Social bonds, social status and survival in wild baboons: a tale of two sexes

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 375(1811), P. 20190621 - 20190621

Published: Sept. 20, 2020

People who are more socially integrated or have higher socio-economic status live longer. Recent studies in non-human primates show striking convergences with this human pattern: female social partners, stronger bonds dominance rank all lead longer lives. However, it remains unclear whether environments also predict survival male primates, as does men. This gap persists because, most males disperse among groups, resulting many disappear unknown fate and dates of birth. We present a Bayesian model to estimate the effects time-varying covariates on age-specific adult mortality both sexes wild baboons. compare how trajectories linked over life. find that, parallel females, baboons strongly bonded females lifespans. for their age appear shorter finding brings new understanding adaptive significance heterosexual baboons: addition protecting male's offspring from infanticide, these may direct benefits themselves. article is part theme issue ‘Evolution primate ageing process'.

Language: Английский

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Behavioural and physiological plasticity in social hierarchies

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(1845)

Published: Jan. 10, 2022

Individuals occupying dominant and subordinate positions in social hierarchies exhibit divergent behaviours, physiology neural functioning. Dominant animals express higher levels of dominance behaviours such as aggression, territorial defence mate-guarding. Dominants also signal their status via auditory, visual or chemical cues. Moreover, typically increase reproductive show enhanced spatial cognition well elevated arousal. These biobehavioural changes energetic demands that are met shifting both energy intake metabolism supported by coordinated physiological systems including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes altered gene expression sensitivity circuits regulate these behaviours. Conversely, inhibit often adapted to socially stressful contexts. Phenotypic individuals may be beneficial short-term but lead long-term challenges health. Further, rapid ranks occur ascend descend associated with dynamic modulations brain periphery. In this paper, we provide a broad overview how behavioural phenotypic subordination expressed plasticity. This article is part theme issue ‘The centennial pecking order: current state future prospects for study hierarchies’.

Language: Английский

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Social ageing: exploring the drivers of late-life changes in social behaviour in mammals

Biology Letters, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(3)

Published: March 1, 2022

Social interactions help group-living organisms cope with socio-environmental challenges and are central to survival reproductive success. Recent research has shown that social behaviour relationships can change across the lifespan, a phenomenon referred as ‘social ageing’. Given importance of integration for health well-being, age-dependent changes in modulate how fitness age may be an important source unexplained variation individual patterns senescence. However, integrating into ageing requires deeper understanding causes consequences age-based behaviour. Here, we provide overview drivers late-life sociality. We suggest explanations categorized three groups: sociality (a) occur result senescence; (b) from adaptations ameliorate negative effects and/or (c) positive demographic changes. Quantifying relative contribution these processes will allow us move towards more holistic why emerge insights potential delay or accelerate other

Language: Английский

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The impact of life stress on hallmarks of aging and accelerated senescence: Connections in sickness and in health

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 153, P. 105359 - 105359

Published: Aug. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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DNA methylation signatures of early-life adversity are exposure-dependent in wild baboons

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(11)

Published: March 5, 2024

The early-life environment can profoundly shape the trajectory of an animal's life, even years or decades later. One mechanism proposed to contribute these effects is DNA methylation. However, frequency and functional importance methylation in shaping on adult outcomes poorly understood, especially natural populations. Here, we integrate prospectively collected data fitness-associated variation early with estimates at 477,270 CpG sites 256 wild baboons. We find highly heterogeneous relationships between adulthood: aspects linked resource limitation (e.g., low-quality habitat, drought) are associated many more than other types environmental stressors low maternal social status). Sites enriched gene bodies putative enhancers, suggesting they functionally relevant. Indeed, by deploying a baboon-specific, massively parallel reporter assay, show that subset windows containing capable regulatory activity, that, for 88% drought-associated windows, enhancer activity methylation-dependent. Together, our results support idea patterns contain persistent signature environment. also indicate not all exposures leave equivalent mark suggest socioenvironmental time sampling likely be important. Thus, multiple mechanisms must converge explain fitness-related traits.

Language: Английский

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Psychological factors substantially contribute to biological aging: evidence from the aging rate in Chinese older adults

Aging, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 7206 - 7222

Published: Sept. 27, 2022

We have developed a deep learning aging clock using blood test data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which has mean absolute error of 5.68 years. used to demonstrate connection between physical psychological aspects aging. The detects accelerated in people with heart, liver, lung conditions. that factors, such as feeling unhappy or being lonely, add up 1.65 years one's biological age, aggregate effect exceeds effects sex, living area, marital status, smoking status. conclude component should not be ignored studies due its significant impact on age.

Language: Английский

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