Observed increasing water constraint on vegetation growth over the last three decades

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: June 18, 2021

Abstract Despite the growing interest in predicting global and regional trends vegetation productivity response to a changing climate, changes water constraint on (i.e., limitations growth) remain poorly understood. Here we conduct comprehensive evaluation of growth extratropical Northern Hemisphere between 1982 2015. We document significant increase over this period. Remarkably divergent were found with deficit areas significantly expanding, surplus shrinking. The constraints associated was also consistent decreasing time scarcity, suggesting stronger susceptibility drought. observed shortened period for areas, exposure humid conditions. These be attributable temperature, solar radiation, precipitation, atmospheric CO 2 . Our findings highlight need more explicit consideration influence under warming climate.

Language: Английский

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Extensive global wetland loss over the past three centuries

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 614(7947), P. 281 - 286

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Permafrost carbon emissions in a changing Arctic

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 55 - 67

Published: Jan. 11, 2022

Language: Английский

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Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink

Nature Climate Change, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 70 - 77

Published: Dec. 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Arctic tundra shrubification: a review of mechanisms and impacts on ecosystem carbon balance

Environmental Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 16(5), P. 053001 - 053001

Published: April 23, 2021

Abstract Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra are some of most important widely observed responses high-latitude ecosystems to rapid climate warming. These changes vegetation potentially alter ecosystem carbon balances by affecting a complex set soil–plant–atmosphere interactions. In this review, we synthesize literature on (a) expansion, (b) key climatic environmental controls mechanisms that affect (c) impacts balance, (d) research gaps future directions improve process representations land models. A broad range evidence, including in-situ observations, warming experiments, remotely sensed indices have shown increases growth abundance woody plants, particularly tall deciduous shrubs, advancing shrublines circumpolar Arctic. This recent is affected several interacting factors warming, accelerated nutrient cycling, changing disturbance regimes, local variation topography hydrology. Under warmer conditions, shrubs can be more competitive than other plant functional types because their taller maximum canopy heights often dense structure. Competitive abilities vs herbaceous plants also controlled traits investments retention strategies leaves, stems, roots. Overall, may enhancing uptake altering respiration, through feedback snowpack dynamics, permafrost degradation, surface energy litter inputs. Observed projected subsequent effects feedbacks system. Land models, those integrated Earth System Models, need account for differences control interactions accurately predict decadal- centennial-scale dynamics.

Language: Английский

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Permafrost and Climate Change: Carbon Cycle Feedbacks From the Warming Arctic

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 343 - 371

Published: Oct. 17, 2022

Rapid Arctic environmental change affects the entire Earth system as thawing permafrost ecosystems release greenhouse gases to atmosphere. Understanding how much carbon will be released, over what time frame, and relative emissions of dioxide methane is key for understanding impact on global climate. In addition, response vegetation in a warming climate has potential offset at least some accelerating feedback from carbon. Temperature, organic carbon, ground ice are regulators determining cycle. Together, these encompass services relevant society well people living region help determine landscape-level this changing

Language: Английский

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Recovering wetland biogeomorphic feedbacks to restore the world’s biotic carbon hotspots

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 376(6593)

Published: May 5, 2022

Biogeomorphic wetlands cover 1% of Earth’s surface but store 20% ecosystem organic carbon. This disproportional share is fueled by high carbon sequestration rates and effective storage in peatlands, mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass meadows, which greatly exceed those oceanic forest ecosystems. Here, we review how feedbacks between geomorphology landscape-building vegetation underlie these qualities feedback disruption can switch from sinks into sources. Currently, human activities are driving rapid declines the area major carbon-storing (1% annually). Our findings highlight urgency to stop through conservation ongoing losses reestablish landscape-forming restoration innovations that recover role biogeomorphic as world’s biotic hotspots.

Language: Английский

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Soil hydrology in the Earth system

Nature Reviews Earth & Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(9), P. 573 - 587

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Global distribution, formation and fate of mineral‐associated soil organic matter under a changing climate: A trait‐based perspective

Functional Ecology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 36(6), P. 1411 - 1429

Published: March 7, 2022

Abstract Soil organic matter (SOM) is the largest actively cycling reservoir of terrestrial carbon (C), and majority SOM in Earth's mineral soils (~65%) mineral‐associated (MAOM). Thus, formation fate MAOM can exert substantial influence on global C cycle. To predict future changes to climate, it critical mechanistically understand processes by which formed decomposed, accurately represent this process‐based understanding biogeochemical Earth system models. In review, we use a trait‐based framework synthesize interacting roles plants, soil micro‐organisms, matrix regulating decomposition. Our proposed differentiates between plant microbial traits that total OM inputs (‘feedstock traits’) versus proportion are ultimately incorporated into (‘MAOM traits’). We discuss how these feedstock may be altered warming, precipitation elevated dioxide. At planetary scale, help shape distribution across biomes, modulate biome‐specific responses climate change. leverage synthesis measurements provide estimates amount MAOM‐C globally (~840–1540 Pg C; 34%–51% C), its biomes. show concentration highest temperate forests grasslands, lowest shrublands savannas. Grasslands croplands have (SOC) fraction (i.e. MAOM‐C:SOC ratio), while boreal tundra ratio. Drawing our trait framework, then review experimental data posit effects change pools different conclude discussing integrated models, included also summarize projected under scenarios (Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 8.5) key model uncertainties. Read free Plain Language Summary for article Journal blog.

Language: Английский

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Environmental effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and interactions with climate change: UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, Update 2020

Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 1 - 67

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Abstract This assessment by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) provides latest scientific update since our most recent comprehensive (Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2019, 18, 595–828). The interactive effects between stratospheric ozone layer, solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, climate change are presented within framework Montreal Protocol Sustainable Development Goals. We address how these global environmental changes affect atmosphere air quality; human health; terrestrial aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemical cycles; materials used in outdoor construction, energy technologies, fabrics. In many cases, there is a growing influence from seasonality extreme events due to change. Additionally, we assess transmission severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which responsible for COVID-19 pandemic, context linkages with UV radiation Protocol.

Language: Английский

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