Hydrogen peroxide serves as pivotal fountainhead for aerosol aqueous sulfate formation from a global perspective DOI Creative Commons
Jie Gao, Haoqi Wang, Wenqi Liu

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 30, 2024

Abstract Traditional atmospheric chemistry posits that sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) can be oxidized to sulfate 4 2– through aqueous-phase reactions in clouds and gas-phase oxidation. Despite adequate knowledge of traditional mechanisms, several studies have highlighted the potential for SO oxidation within aerosol water. Given widespread presence tropospheric aerosols, 2− production water could a pervasive global impact. Here, we quantify contributions aqueous pathways formation based on GEOS-Chem simulations subsequent theoretical calculations. Hydrogen peroxide (H O significantly influences continental regions both horizontally vertically. Over past two decades, shifts typical cities reveal an intriguing trend: despite reductions emissions, increased capacities, like rising H levels, prevent steady decline concentrations. Abating oxidants would facilitate benefit reduction positive feedback mitigation.

Language: Английский

Identifying airborne transmission as the dominant route for the spread of COVID-19 DOI Creative Commons
Renyi Zhang, Yixin Li, Annie L. Zhang

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(26), P. 14857 - 14863

Published: June 11, 2020

Various mitigation measures have been implemented to fight the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, including widely adopted social distancing and mandated face covering. However, assessing effectiveness of those intervention practices hinges on understanding virus transmission, which remains uncertain. Here we show that airborne transmission is highly virulent represents dominant route spread disease. By analyzing trend in Wuhan, China, Italy, New York City, from January 23 May 9, 2020, illustrate impacts are discernable trends pandemic. Our analysis reveals difference with without covering determinant shaping pandemic three epicenters. This protective measure alone significantly reduced number infections, is, by over 78,000 Italy April 6 9 66,000 City 17 9. Other measures, such as United States, insufficient themselves protecting public. We conclude wearing masks public corresponds most effective means prevent interhuman this inexpensive practice, conjunction simultaneous distancing, quarantine, contact tracing, likely fighting opportunity stop COVID-19 work also highlights fact sound science essential decision-making for current future health pandemics.

Language: Английский

Citations

1170
Unexpected air pollution with marked emission reductions during the COVID-19 outbreak in China DOI Creative Commons
Tianhao Le, Yuan Wang,

Lang Liu

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 369(6504), P. 702 - 706

Published: June 17, 2020

Air pollution epidemic The lockdown enforced in most cities China response to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted virtual absence motor vehicle traffic and sharply reduced manufacturing activity for several weeks. Le et al. report some anticipated unanticipated effects that this had on air there, including unexpectedly high levels particulate matter abundances haze formation areas. This natural experiment will help assessment mitigation strategies. Science , issue p. 702

Language: Английский

Citations

894
Multiphase Oxidation of Sulfur Dioxide in Aerosol Particles: Implications for Sulfate Formation in Polluted Environments DOI
Tengyu Liu, Arthur W. H. Chan, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(8), P. 4227 - 4242

Published: March 24, 2021

Atmospheric oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) forms sulfate-containing aerosol particles that impact air quality, climate, and human ecosystem health. It is well-known in-cloud SO2 frequently dominates over gas-phase on regional global scales. Multiphase involving particles, fog, cloud droplets has been generally thought to scale with liquid water content (LWC) so multiphase would be negligible for due their low LWC. However, recent field evidence, particularly from East Asia, shows fast sulfate formation prevails in cloud-free environments are characterized by high loadings. By assuming the kinetics chemistry most atmospheric models do not capture this phenomenon. Therefore, blossomed past decade, many processes proposed bridge difference between modeled observed mass This review summarizes advances fundamental understanding SO2, a focus environmental conditions affect rate, experimental challenges, mechanisms results individual reaction pathways, future research directions. Compared dilute conditions, paper highlights differences arise at molecular level extremely solute strengths present particles.

Language: Английский

Citations

214
Societal benefits of halving agricultural ammonia emissions in China far exceed the abatement costs DOI Creative Commons
Xiuming Zhang, Baojing Gu,

Hans van Grinsven

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Aug. 31, 2020

Mitigating agricultural ammonia (NH3) emissions in China is urgently needed to avoid further damage human and ecosystem health. Effective feasible mitigation strategies hinge on integrated knowledge of the potential NH3 associated economic costs societal benefits. Here we present a comprehensive analysis marginal abatement benefits for China. The technical 38-67% (4.0-7.1 Tg N) with implementation estimated at US$ 6-11 billion. These are much lower than estimates overall 18-42 Avoiding unnecessary fertilizer use protein-rich animal feed could provide 30% this without additional or decreases productivity. Optimizing diets less animal-derived products offers reduction 12% by 2050.

Language: Английский

Citations

198
Explosive Secondary Aerosol Formation during Severe Haze in the North China Plain DOI Creative Commons
Jianfei Peng, Min Hu, Dongjie Shang

et al.

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(4), P. 2189 - 2207

Published: Feb. 4, 2021

Severe haze events with exceedingly high-levels of fine aerosols occur frequently over the past decades in North China Plain (NCP), exerting profound impacts on human health, weather, and climate. The development effective mitigation policies requires a comprehensive understanding formation mechanisms, including identification quantification sources, formation, transformation aerosol species. Haze evolution this region exhibits distinct physical chemical characteristics from clean to polluted periods, as evident increasing stagnation relative humidity, but decreasing solar radiation well explosive secondary formation. latter is attributed highly elevated concentrations precursor gases reflected by rapid increases particle number mass concentrations, both corresponding nonequilibrium processes. Considerable new knowledge has been acquired understand processes regulating particularly light progress elucidating mechanisms. This review synthesizes recent advances highlighting several critical chemical/physical processes, that is, growth driven photochemistry aqueous chemistry interaction between atmospheric stability. Current challenges future research priorities are also discussed.

Language: Английский

Citations

173
Secondary organic aerosol formed by condensing anthropogenic vapours over China’s megacities DOI
Wei Nie, Chao Yan, Dan Dan Huang

et al.

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(4), P. 255 - 261

Published: April 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

154
Oxidation of sulfur dioxide by nitrogen dioxide accelerated at the interface of deliquesced aerosol particles DOI
Tengyu Liu, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt

Nature Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(12), P. 1173 - 1177

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

151
A review of aerosol chemistry in Asia: insights from aerosol mass spectrometer measurements DOI
Wei Zhou,

Weiqi Xu,

Hwajin Kim

et al.

Environmental Science Processes & Impacts, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(8), P. 1616 - 1653

Published: Jan. 1, 2020

Aerosol mass spectrometer has been widely deployed in Asia for real-time characterization of aerosol chemistry, and significantly improved our understanding the sources, properties, formation processes aerosols a complex environment.

Language: Английский

Citations

140
Continuous and comprehensive atmospheric observations in Beijing: a station to understand the complex urban atmospheric environment DOI Creative Commons
Yongchun Liu, Chao Yan, Zemin Feng

et al.

Big Earth Data, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 4(3), P. 295 - 321

Published: July 2, 2020

Due to profound impact on climate and human health, air quality has attracted attention from all levels of the civil society. The key step in provision required tools for society tackle complex problem is characterize it a comprehensive manner with long-term perspective. Here, we describe continuous observation station its accompanying state-of-the-art instrumentation that was established investigate urban atmospheric environment rapidly developing Chinese Megacity. station, located downtown Beijing, aims study by identifying major pollutants processes determining their formation loss mechanisms. A few hundreds parameters are continuously measured instruments, including trace gas concentrations, aerosol particle size distributions, mass covering chemical composition molecules micrometer-sized particles. This produced long-term, big data around 1×1011 bytes per year. In this paper, provide an overview facilities used, workflow observations examples results 2018 2019 basis establishing modern other megacities.

Language: Английский

Citations

134
Aerosol–photolysis interaction reduces particulate matter during wintertime haze events DOI Open Access
Jiarui Wu,

Naifang Bei,

Bo Hu

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(18), P. 9755 - 9761

Published: April 16, 2020

Significance Aerosol–radiation interaction (ARI) not only constitutes one of the major uncertainties in climate prediction, but also significantly deteriorates particulate matter (PM) pollution during heavy haze events. However, modification photolysis caused by aerosol absorbing and/or scattering solar radiation (referred to as aerosol–photolysis or API) changes atmospheric oxidizing capability and influences secondary formation. The synergetic effect API ARI on PM is quantitatively assessed a persistent episode from modeling perspective study. results reveal that hinders formation substantially mitigates ARI. Future research radiative forcing essential improve understanding effect.

Language: Английский

Citations

101