Magnetically Driven Micro and Nanorobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 121(8), P. 4999 - 5041

Published: March 31, 2021

Manipulation and navigation of micro nanoswimmers in different fluid environments can be achieved by chemicals, external fields, or even motile cells. Many researchers have selected magnetic fields as the active actuation source based on advantageous features this strategy such remote spatiotemporal control, fuel-free, high degree reconfigurability, programmability, recyclability, versatility. This review introduces fundamental concepts advantages micro/nanorobots (termed here "MagRobots") well basic knowledge materials, setups for manipulation, field configurations, symmetry-breaking strategies effective movement. These are discussed to describe interactions between fields. Actuation mechanisms flagella-inspired MagRobots (i.e., corkscrew-like motion traveling-wave locomotion/ciliary stroke motion) surface walkers surface-assisted motion), applications other propulsion approaches, stimulation beyond provided followed fabrication techniques (quasi-)spherical, helical, flexible, wire-like, biohybrid MagRobots. Applications targeted drug/gene delivery, cell minimally invasive surgery, biopsy, biofilm disruption/eradication, imaging-guided delivery/therapy/surgery, pollution removal environmental remediation, (bio)sensing also reviewed. Finally, current challenges future perspectives development magnetically powered miniaturized motors discussed.

Language: Английский

---

Soft actuators for real-world applications

Nature Reviews Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(3), P. 235 - 249

Published: Nov. 10, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Medical Micro/Nanorobots in Precision Medicine

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7(21)

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

Advances in medical robots promise to improve modern medicine and the quality of life. Miniaturization these robotic platforms has led numerous applications that leverages precision medicine. In this review, current trends micro nanorobotics for therapy, surgery, diagnosis, imaging are discussed. The use nanorobots still faces technical, regulatory, market challenges their widespread clinical settings. Nevertheless, recent translations from proof concept vivo studies demonstrate potential toward

Language: Английский

---

Smart Materials for Microrobots

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5365 - 5403

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Over the past 15 years, field of microrobotics has exploded with many research groups from around globe contributing to numerous innovations that have led exciting new capabilities and important applications, ranging in vivo drug delivery, intracellular biosensing, environmental remediation, nanoscale fabrication. Smart responsive materials had a profound impact on imparted small-scale robots functionalities distinct capabilities. We identified four large categories where majority future efforts must be allocated push frontiers microrobots smart can major such advances. These areas are propulsion biocompatibility microrobots, cooperation between individual units human operators, finally, intelligence microrobots. In this Review, we look critically at latest developments these discuss how contribute progress will set stage for next generation intelligent programmable

Language: Английский

---

3D printing of functional microrobots

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 50(4), P. 2794 - 2838

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

3D printing can enable the customized design and fabrication of microrobots for a wide range functional applications.

Language: Английский

---

Magnetically steerable bacterial microrobots moving in 3D biological matrices for stimuli-responsive cargo delivery

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(28)

Published: July 15, 2022

Bacterial biohybrids, composed of self-propelling bacteria carrying micro/nanoscale materials, can deliver their payload to specific regions under magnetic control, enabling additional frontiers in minimally invasive medicine. However, current bacterial biohybrid designs lack high-throughput and facile construction with favorable cargoes, thus underperforming terms propulsion, efficiency, tissue penetration, spatiotemporal operation. Here, we report magnetically controlled biohybrids for targeted localization multistimuli-responsive drug release three-dimensional (3D) biological matrices. Magnetic nanoparticles nanoliposomes loaded photothermal agents chemotherapeutic molecules were integrated onto Escherichia coli ~90% efficiency. outperforming previously reported E. –based microrobots, retained original motility able navigate through matrices colonize tumor spheroids fields on-demand the by near-infrared stimulus. Our work provides a multifunctional microrobotic platform guided locomotion 3D networks stimuli-responsive delivery therapeutics diverse medical applications.

Language: Английский

---

Ultrasound-Responsive Systems as Components for Smart Materials

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 5165 - 5208

Published: Nov. 12, 2021

Smart materials can respond to stimuli and adapt their responses based on external cues from environments. Such behavior requires a way transport energy efficiently then convert it for use in applications such as actuation, sensing, or signaling. Ultrasound carry safely with low losses through complex opaque media. It be localized small regions of space couple systems over wide range time scales. However, the same characteristics that allow ultrasound propagate make difficult acoustic into other useful forms. Recent work across diverse fields has begun address this challenge, demonstrating ultrasonic effects provide control physical chemical surprisingly high specificity. Here, we review recent progress ultrasound-matter interactions, focusing incorporated components smart materials. These techniques build fundamental phenomena cavitation, microstreaming, scattering, radiation forces enable capabilities payload delivery, initiation biological processes. The diversity emerging holds great promise supported by poses interesting questions further investigations.

Language: Английский

---

Magnetic Biohybrid Microrobot Multimers Based on Chlorella Cells for Enhanced Targeted Drug Delivery

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 6320 - 6330

Published: Jan. 12, 2022

Magnetic micro-/nanorobots have been regarded as a promising platform for targeted drug delivery, and tremendous strategies developed in recent years. However, realizing precise efficient delivery vivo still remains challenging, which the versatile integration of good biocompatibility reconfiguration is main obstacle micro-/nanorobots. Herein, we proposed novel strategy magnetic biohybrid microrobot multimers (BMMs) based on Chlorella (Ch.) demonstrated their great potential delivery. The spherical Ch. cells around 3-5 μm were magnetized with Fe3O4 to fabricate microrobots then loaded doxorubicin (DOX). Using dipolar interactions, units could reconfigure into chain-like BMMs tiny dimers, trimers, so forth via attraction-induced self-assembly disassemble reversibly repulsion. exhibited diverse swimming modes including rolling tumbling high maneuverability, dimer's velocity reach 107.6 μm/s (∼18 body length/s) under 70 Gs precessing field. Furthermore, low cell toxicity, DOX loading capacity, pH-triggered release, verified by chemotherapy experiments toward HeLa cancer cells. Due remarkable versatility facile fabrication, demonstrate anticancer therapy.

Language: Английский

---

3D-printed microrobots from design to translation

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: Oct. 5, 2022

Microrobots have attracted the attention of scientists owing to their unique features accomplish tasks in hard-to-reach sites human body. can be precisely actuated and maneuvered individually or a swarm for cargo delivery, sampling, surgery, imaging applications. In addition, microrobots found applications environmental sector (e.g., water treatment). Besides, recent advancements three-dimensional (3D) printers enabled high-resolution fabrication with faster design-production turnaround time users limited micromanufacturing skills. Here, latest end 3D printed are reviewed (ranging from biomedical applications) along brief discussion over feasible actuation methods on- off-board), practical printing technologies microrobot fabrication. as future perspective, we discussed potential advantages integration smart materials, conceivable benefits implementation artificial intelligence (AI), well physical (PI). Moreover, order facilitate bench-to-bedside translation microrobots, current challenges impeding clinical elaborated, including entry obstacles immune system attacks) cumbersome standard test procedures ensure biocompatibility.

Language: Английский

---

Microrobot collectives with reconfigurable morphologies, behaviors, and functions

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 26, 2022

Mobile microrobots, which can navigate, sense, and interact with their environment, could potentially revolutionize biomedicine environmental remediation. Many self-organizing microrobotic collectives have been developed to overcome inherent limits in actuation, sensing, manipulation of individual microrobots; however, reconfigurable robust transitions between behaviors are rare. Such systems that perform multiple functions advantageous operate complex environments. Here, we present a versatile collective system capable on-demand reconfiguration adapt utilize environments various at the air-water interface. Our exhibits diverse modes ranging from isotropic anisotrpic globally driven novel self-propelling behavior. We show transition different experiments simulations, demonstrate functions, using reconfigurability our explore, environment. microrobot self-propelled great potential future medical applications.

Language: Английский

---