Nutrition, Immunosenescence, and Infectious Disease: An Overview of the Scientific Evidence on Micronutrients and on Modulation of the Gut Microbiota DOI Creative Commons
Philip C. Calder, Edwin F. Ortega,

Simin Nikbin Meydani

et al.

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. S1 - S26

Published: May 6, 2022

The immune system is key to host defense against pathogenic organisms. Aging associated with changes in the system, a decline protective components (immunosenescence), increasing susceptibility infectious disease, and chronic elevation low-grade inflammation (inflammaging), risk of multiple noncommunicable diseases. Nutrition determinant cell function gut microbiota. In turn, microbiota shapes controls inflammatory responses. Many older people show Age-related competence, inflammation, dysbiosis may be interlinked relate, at least part, age-related nutrition. A number micronutrients (vitamins C, D, E zinc selenium) play roles supporting many types. Some trials report that providing these as individual supplements can reverse deficits and/or those insufficient intakes. There inconsistent evidence this will reduce or severity infections including respiratory infections. Probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic strategies modulate microbiota, especially by promoting colonization lactobacilli bifidobacteria, have been demonstrated some biomarkers and, cases, gastrointestinal infections, although, again, inconsistent. Further research well-designed well-powered at-risk populations required more certain about role modify microbiota-host relationship protecting infection, infection.

Language: Английский

Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights DOI Creative Commons
Willem M. de Vos, Herbert Tilg, Matthias Van Hul

et al.

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 1020 - 1032

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Language: Английский

Citations

1433
Signaling inflammation across the gut-brain axis DOI
Gulistan Agirman, Kristie B. Yu, Elaine Y. Hsiao

et al.

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 374(6571), P. 1087 - 1092

Published: Nov. 25, 2021

The brain and gastrointestinal tract are critical sensory organs responsible for detecting, relaying, integrating, responding to signals derived from the internal external environment. At interface of this function, immune cells in intestines consistently survey environmental factors, eliciting responses that inform on physiological state body. Recent research reveals cross-talk along gut-brain axis regulates inflammatory nociception, responses, homeostasis. Here, we discuss molecular cellular mechanisms involved signaling inflammation across axis. We further highlight interactions between gut inflammation-associated diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

483
Impact of Bacterial Metabolites on Gut Barrier Function and Host Immunity: A Focus on Bacterial Metabolism and Its Relevance for Intestinal Inflammation DOI Creative Commons
Naschla Gasaly, Paul De Vos, Marcela A. Hermoso

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: May 26, 2021

The diverse and dynamic microbial community of the human gastrointestinal tract plays a vital role in health, with gut microbiota supporting development function immune barrier. Crosstalk between microbiota-gut epithelium system determine individual health status, any crosstalk disturbance may lead to chronic intestinal conditions, such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) celiac disease. Microbiota-derived metabolites are crucial mediators host-microbial interactions. Some beneficially affect host physiology short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) secondary bile acids. Also, tryptophan catabolites responses, through binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). AhR is abundantly present at mucosal surfaces when activated enhances epithelial barrier well regulatory responses. Exogenous diet-derived indoles (tryptophan) major source endogenous ligand precursors together SCFAs regulate inflammation by lowering stress immunity, IBD, expression downregulated metabolites. Here, we an overview microbiota-epithelium- immunity review how microbial-derived contribute homeostasis. discuss therapeutic potential bacterial for IBD disease essential dietary components fibers systemic

Language: Английский

Citations

335
Partners in Leaky Gut Syndrome: Intestinal Dysbiosis and Autoimmunity DOI Creative Commons

Yusuke Kinashi,

Koji Hase

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 22, 2021

The intestinal surface is constitutively exposed to diverse antigens, such as food food-borne pathogens, and commensal microbes. Intestinal epithelial cells have developed unique barrier functions that prevent the translocation of potentially hostile antigens into body. Disruption increases permeability, resulting in leaky gut syndrome (LGS). Clinical reports suggested LGS contributes autoimmune diseases type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, celiac disease. Furthermore, microbiota plays a critical role regulating host immunity; abnormalities microbial community, known dysbiosis, are observed patients with diseases. However, pathological links among LGS, not been fully elucidated. This review discusses current understanding how pathogenesis by modifying barrier.

Language: Английский

Citations

256
AHR in the intestinal microenvironment: safeguarding barrier function DOI
Brigitta Stockinger, Kathleen Shah, Emma Wincent

et al.

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 559 - 570

Published: March 19, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

250
Microbiota–gut–brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases DOI Creative Commons
Jian Sheng Loh, Wen Qi Mak, Li Tan

et al.

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Abstract The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, disease. advent new sequencing technologies culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations shed light on microbiome–host interactions. Evidence unveiled bidirectional communication between central nervous system, referred as “microbiota–gut–brain axis”. microbiota–gut–brain axis represents an important regulator glial functions, making it actionable target ameliorate development progression neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss mechanisms As provides essential cues microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, examine communications microbiota these cells during healthy states Subsequently, diseases using metabolite-centric approach, while also examining role microbiota-related neurotransmitters hormones. Next, targeting intestinal barrier, blood–brain meninges, peripheral immune system counteract dysfunction neurodegeneration. Finally, conclude by assessing pre-clinical clinical evidence probiotics, prebiotics, fecal transplantation A thorough comprehension will foster effective therapeutic interventions for management

Language: Английский

Citations

237
Modulation of immune responses to vaccination by the microbiota: implications and potential mechanisms DOI Open Access
David J. Lynn, Saoirse C. Benson, Miriam A. Lynn

et al.

Nature reviews. Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(1), P. 33 - 46

Published: May 17, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

208
From gut microbiota to host appetite: gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key regulators DOI Creative Commons
Hui Han, Bao Yi, Ruqing Zhong

et al.

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 20, 2021

Feelings of hunger and satiety are the key determinants for maintaining life humans animals. Disturbed appetite control may disrupt metabolic health host cause various disorders. A variety factors have been implicated in control, including gut microbiota, which develop intricate interactions to manipulate requirements hedonic feelings. Gut microbial metabolites components act as appetite-related signaling molecules regulate hormone secretion immune system, or directly on hypothalamic neurons. Herein, we summarize effects microbiota consider potential molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, propose that manipulation represents a clinical therapeutic lessening development consequence Video abstract.

Language: Английский

Citations

192
The Gut Microbiome and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases DOI Open Access
Yue Shan, Mirae Lee, Eugene B. Chang

et al.

Annual Review of Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 73(1), P. 455 - 468

Published: Sept. 23, 2021

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) arise from a convergence of genetic risk, environmental factors, and gut microbiota, where each is necessary but not sufficient to cause disease. Emerging evidence supports bidirectional relationship between disease progression changes in microbiota membership function. Thus, the study microbiome host-microbe interactions should provide critical insights into pathogenesis as well leads for developing microbiome-based diagnostics interventions IBD. In this article, we review most recent advances understanding IBD highlight importance going beyond establishing description association gain mechanistic causes consequences The aims contextualize findings form conceptional frameworks etiopathogenesis future development interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

192
Implication of Intestinal Barrier Dysfunction in Gut Dysbiosis and Diseases DOI Creative Commons
Carmine Stolfi,

Claudia Maresca,

Giovanni Monteleone

et al.

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 289 - 289

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

The intestinal mucosal barrier, also referred to as is widely recognized a critical player in gut homeostasis maintenance it ensures the complex crosstalk between microbes (both commensals and pathogens) host immune system. Highly specialized epithelial cells constantly cope with several protective harmful agents maintain multiple physiological functions of barrier well its integrity. However, both genetic defects environmental factors can break such equilibrium, thus promoting dysbiosis, dysregulated immune-inflammatory responses, even development chronic pathological conditions. Here, we review discuss molecular cellular pathways underlying structural functional homeostasis, focusing on potential alterations that may undermine this fine balance.

Language: Английский

Citations

183