Invisible enemies: evaluating human health threats of mosquito repellents through animal studies

Drug and Chemical Toxicology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 17

Published: Sept. 10, 2024

Mosquito-borne diseases continue to pose significant threats human populations, especially in developing and underdeveloped regions, where access effective preventive measures remains limited. Mosquito repellents represent a cornerstone the arsenal against these diseases, providing barrier mosquito bites. come various formulations, including topical ointments commercial vaporizers, with varying compositions. Common constituents include deodorized kerosene (DOK) as solvent, pyrethroids, amides, essential oils for fragrance, synergists. Despite their widespread use, toxicological profiles of remain inadequately understood, raising questions about safety prolonged or excessive exposure scenarios. However, while efficacy preventing mosquito-borne illnesses is well-established, concerns persist regarding potential toxicity humans environment. This review critically examines existing literature on repellents, focusing adverse effects health environmental sustainability. Through an extensive analysis available research, this aims shed light risks associated such dermatological irritation, respiratory complications, allergic reactions humans.

Language: Английский

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Autofluorescent Biomolecules in Diptera: From Structure to Metabolism and Behavior

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(14), P. 4458 - 4458

Published: July 12, 2022

Light-based phenomena in insects have long attracted researchers’ attention. Surface color distribution patterns are commonly used for taxonomical purposes, while optically-active structures from Coleoptera cuticle or Lepidoptera wings inspired technological applications, such as biosensors and energy accumulation devices. In Diptera, besides optically-based phenomena, biomolecules able to fluoresce can act markers of bio-metabolic, structural behavioral features. Resilin chitinous compounds, with their respective blue green-to-red autofluorescence (AF), related biomechanical properties, helpful clarify the mechanisms underlying substrate adhesion ectoparasites’ leg appendages, antennal abilities tuning sound detection. Metarhodopsin, a red fluorescing photoproduct rhodopsin, allows investigate visual mechanisms, whereas NAD(P)H flavins, relatable metabolism, favor investigation sperm vitality. Lipofuscins AF biomarkers aging, well pteridines, which, similarly kynurenines, also exploited metabolic investigations. Beside knowledge available Drosophila melanogaster, widely model study human disorder disease here we review studies other dipteran species, including mosquitoes fruit flies, discussing future perspectives targeted various practical pest vector control.

Language: Английский

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Insect Sensory System

Springer eBooks, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Language: Английский

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Studies on the sensory sensilla on the tarsi and external genitalia of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse)

Microscopy Research and Technique, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 86(2), P. 242 - 251

Published: Nov. 18, 2022

Dengue fever is a worldwide health problem transmitted mainly by Aedes albopictus. The ability of female mosquitoes to transmit disease depends on their behavioral responses locate host. presence different types sensory sensilla with morphological characteristics the most distinctive feature Ae. albopictus, in addition main organs. are chemosensory contacts that albopictus uses long-distance hosts and oviposition sites receiving well-defined cues such as changes temperature humidity, mechanical impact, odors. As result, it crucial study Although aegypti have been extensively studied, but there still lack knowledge about Asian tiger mosquito, This aimed investigate tarsi external genitalia both sexes features using scanning electron microscope. results demonstrated five sensilla: chaetica, grooved pegs, campaniform, basiconica, coeloconica. There two thick, tarsal joints. Sensilla coeloconica tarsus hidden under scales raised pit diameter 13.69 ± 0.071 μm, which significantly larger than those males, 7.65 0.065 μm. absent from females. Two senillae chaetica found tarsomeres, near claws, joints, differ morphology morphometric parameters. ovulation-supporting cerci provided three pairs long at apex, measuring 111.36 0.020 μm length. groups four apical short spiny subapical randomly distributed ovipositor. arranged rows smaller male genitalia. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: showed various structures sexes. Adequate information available this understand chemoreception odor detection kinds help evaluate diseases.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacterial metabolites on the ovipositional activity of Aedes albopictus

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 11, 2023

Abstract Viral diseases like yellow fever, dengue, zika have an alarming impact on public health affecting millions of people around the globe. These can be transmitted by Aedes albopictus – a species originally endemic to South Asia but now widely distributed in several countries outside Asia. Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus spp., are enteric Gram-negative bacterial symbionts insect-preying nematodes known produce array natural products (NP) with various activities including larvicidal activity. This study demonstrated that supernatants different bacteria effectively deterred Ae. mosquito oviposition concentration dependent manner. cabanillasii displayed deterrent effects at 50-5% concentrations activity index values ranging between -0.87 -0.35, whereas for X. nematophila were -0.82 -0.52 50-10%. The other ( szentirmaii, doucetiae, P. kayaii ) effective ≥20%. Using promoter exchange mutants selected biosynthetic gene clusters Δ hfq background generated easyPACId approach, fabclavine from szentirmaii was identified as bioactive compound evident effects. Such compounds deterrence could useful control programs preventing breeding site specific habitats greatly influence establishment, population densities, dispersion conducive areas.

Language: Английский

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