The planetary role of seagrass conservation

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 377(6606), P. 609 - 613

Published: Aug. 4, 2022

Seagrasses are remarkable plants that have adapted to live in a marine environment. They form extensive meadows found globally bioengineer their local environments and preserve the coastal seascape. With increasing realization of planetary emergency we face, there is growing interest using seagrasses as nature-based solution for greenhouse gas mitigation. However, seagrass sensitivity stressors acute, many places, risk loss degradation persists. If ecological state remains compromised, then ability contribute solutions climate biodiversity crisis doubt. We examine major role play how rethinking conservation critical understanding part fighting our emergency.

Language: Английский

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Methane emissions offset atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake in coastal macroalgae, mixed vegetation and sediment ecosystems

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

Coastal ecosystems can efficiently remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and are thus promoted for nature-based climate change mitigation. Natural methane (CH4) emissions these may counterbalance atmospheric CO2 uptake. Still, knowledge of mechanisms sustaining such CH4 their contribution to net radiative forcing remains scarce globally prevalent macroalgae, mixed vegetation, surrounding depositional sediment habitats. Here we show that habitats emit in range 0.1 - 2.9 mg m-2 d-1 atmosphere, revealing situ macroalgae were sustained by divergent methanogenic archaea anoxic microsites. Over an annual cycle, CO2-equivalent offset 28 35% sink capacity attributed uptake vegetation habitats, respectively, augment release unvegetated sediments 57%. Accounting alongside sea-air fluxes identifying controlling is crucial constrain potential coastal as sinks develop informed mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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Global Methane Budget 2000–2020

Published: June 6, 2024

Abstract. Understanding and quantifying the global methane (CH4) budget is important for assessing realistic pathways to mitigate climate change. Emissions atmospheric concentrations of CH4 continue increase, maintaining as second most human-influenced greenhouse gas in terms forcing after carbon dioxide (CO2). The relative importance compared CO2 temperature change related its shorter lifetime, stronger radiative effect, acceleration growth rate over past decade, causes which are still debated. Two major challenges reducing uncertainties factors explaining well-observed arise from diverse, geographically overlapping sources uncertain magnitude temporal destruction by short-lived highly variable hydroxyl radicals (OH). To address these challenges, we have established a consortium multi-disciplinary scientists under umbrella Global Carbon Project improve, synthesise update regularly stimulate new research on cycle. Following Saunois et al. (2016, 2020), present here third version living review paper dedicated decadal budget, integrating results top-down emission estimates (based in-situ observing satellite (GOSAT) observations an ensemble inverse-model results) bottom-up process-based models estimating land-surface emissions chemistry, inventories anthropogenic emissions, data-driven extrapolations). We recent 2010–2019 calendar decade (the latest period full datasets available), previous 2000–2009 year 2020. revision this edition benefits progress inland freshwater with better accounting lakes ponds, reservoirs, streams rivers. This also reduces double across wetland and, first time, includes estimate potential that exists (average 23 Tg yr-1). Bottom-up approaches show combined average 248 [159–369] yr-1 decade. Natural fluxes perturbed human activities through climate, eutrophication, land use. In estimate, component contributing emissions. Newly available gridded products allowed us derive almost complete latitudinal regional based approaches. For estimated inversions (top-down) be 575 (range 553–586, corresponding minimum maximum model ensemble). Of amount, 369 or ~65 % attributed direct fossil, agriculture waste biomass burning 350–391 63–68 %). period, give slightly lower total than 2010–2019, 32 9–40). Since 2012, trends been tracking scenarios assume no minimal mitigation policies proposed Intergovernmental Panel Climate Change (shared socio-economic SSP5 SSP3). methods suggest 16 (94 yr-1) larger (669 yr-1, range 512–849) inversion period. discrepancy between budgets has greatly reduced differences (167 156 respectively), time uncertainty overlap. distribution inversion-based indicates predominance tropical southern hemisphere (~65 <30° N) mid (30° N–60° N, ~30 emissions) high-northern latitudes (60° N–90° ~4 emissions). similar though contributions latitudes, smaller tropics inversions. Although bottom-up, source attributable natural especially those wetlands freshwaters. identify five priorities improving budget: i) producing global, high-resolution map water-saturated soils inundated areas emitting robust classification different types ecosystems; ii) further development inland-water emissions; iii) intensification at local (e.g., FLUXNET-CH4 measurements, urban-scale monitoring, imagery pointing capabilities) scales (surface networks remote sensing measurements satellites) constrain both inversions; iv) improvements transport representation photochemical sinks inversions, v) integration 3D variational systems using isotopic and/or co-emitted species such ethane well information super-emitters detected (mainly oil sector but coal, landfills) improve partitioning. data presented can downloaded https://doi.org/10.18160/GKQ9-2RHT (Martinez al., 2024).

Language: Английский

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MiDAS 5: Global diversity of bacteria and archaea in anaerobic digesters

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 25, 2024

Abstract Anaerobic digestion of organic waste into methane and carbon dioxide (biogas) is carried out by complex microbial communities. Here, we use full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing 285 full-scale anaerobic digesters (ADs) to expand our knowledge about diversity function the bacteria archaea in ADs worldwide. The sequences are processed amplicon sequence variants (FL-ASVs) used MiDAS 4 database for wastewater treatment systems, creating 5. expansion increases coverage worldwide, leading improved genus- species-level classification. Using 5, carry an amplicon-based, global-scale community profiling sampled using three common sets primers targeting different regions and/or archaea. We reveal how environmental conditions biogeography shape AD microbiota. also identify core conditionally rare or abundant taxa, encompassing 692 genera 1013 species. These represent 84–99% 18–61% accumulated read abundance, respectively, across samples depending on used. Finally, examine global functional groups with known importance process.

Language: Английский

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One hundred priority questions for advancing seagrass conservation in Europe

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 587 - 603

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Societal Impact Statement Seagrass ecosystems are of fundamental importance to our planet and wellbeing. Seagrasses marine flowering plants, which engineer that provide a multitude ecosystem services, for example, blue foods carbon sequestration. have largely been degraded across much their global range. There is now increasing interest in the conservation restoration these systems, particularly context climate emergency biodiversity crisis. The collation 100 questions from experts Europe could, if answered, improve ability conserve restore systems by facilitating shift success such work. Summary meadows numerous services including biodiversity, coastal protection, In Europe, seagrasses can be found shallow sheltered waters along coastlines, estuaries & lagoons, around islands, but distribution has declined. Factors as poor water quality, modification, mechanical damage, overfishing, land‐sea interactions, change disease reduced coverage Europe’s necessitating recovery. Research, monitoring efforts on seagrass mostly uncoordinated biased towards certain species regions, resulting inadequate delivery critical information management. Here, we aim identify priority questions, addressed would strongly advance monitoring, research Europe. Using Delphi method, researchers, practitioners, policymakers with experience diverse expertise participated process involved formulation voting an online workshop final list questions. covers areas nine themes: Biodiversity Ecology; Ecosystem services; Blue carbon; Fishery support; Drivers, Threats, Resilience Response; Monitoring Assessment; Conservation Restoration; Governance, Policy Management; Communication. Answering will fill current knowledge gaps place European onto positive trajectory

Language: Английский

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The importance of plants for methane emission at the ecosystem scale

Aquatic Botany, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 184, P. 103596 - 103596

Published: Nov. 5, 2022

Methane (CH4), one of the key long-lived atmospheric greenhouse gases, is primarily produced from organic matter. Accordingly, net primary production matter sets boundaries for CH4 emissions. Plants, being dominant producers, are thereby indirectly sustaining most global emissions, albeit with delays in time and spatial offsets between plant subsequent emission. In addition, communities can enhance or hamper ecosystem production, oxidation, transport multiple ways, e.g., by shaping carbon, nutrient, redox gradients, representing a physical link zones extensive anoxic sediments soils atmosphere. This review focuses on how plants other producers influence emissions consequences at scales. We outline mechanisms interactions discuss flux regulation, quantification, knowledge gaps across examples. Some recently proposed plant-related fluxes difficult to reconcile budget enigmas related these highlighted. Overall, strongly linked producer communities, directly indirectly, properly quantifying magnitudes regulation links predicting future rapidly changing world.

Language: Английский

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Methyl-Based Methanogenesis: an Ecological and Genomic Review

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 87(1)

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

Methyl-based methanogenesis is one of three broad categories archaeal anaerobic methanogenesis, including both the methyl dismutation (methylotrophic) pathway and methyl-reducing (also known as hydrogen-dependent methylotrophic) pathway. increasingly recognized an important source methane in a variety environments.

Language: Английский

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MiDAS 5: Global diversity of bacteria and archaea in anaerobic digesters

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

Abstract Anaerobic digestion represents a key biotechnology for the transformation of organic waste into renewable energy (biogas) and relies on complex microbial communities that work in concert to degrade substrates methane carbon dioxide. Here, we sequenced more than half million high-quality, full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences from 285 full-scale anaerobic digesters (ADs) across world expand our knowledge about diversity function bacteria archaea ADs. The were processed amplicon sequence variants (FL-ASVs), which added MiDAS 4 database wastewater treatment systems create 5. expansion significantly increased coverage ADs worldwide, leading an improved rate genus species-level classification. Using 5, carried out amplicon-based, global-scale community profiling sampled using three common sets primers targeting different regions and/or archaea. We revealed how environmental conditions biogeography shape AD microbiota. also identify core conditionally rare or abundant taxa, encompassing 692 genera 1013 species. These represent 84-99% 18-61% accumulated read abundance respectively, samples depending used. Finally, examined global functional groups with known importance process. Our online Field Guide presents data generated this study summarizes present all taxa.

Language: Английский

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Advances in understanding of air–sea exchange and cycling of greenhouse gases in the upper ocean

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

The air–sea exchange and oceanic cycling of greenhouse gases (GHG), including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2), are fundamental in controlling the evolution Earth’s atmospheric chemistry climate. Significant advances have been made over last 10 years understanding, instrumentation methods, as well deciphering production consumption pathways GHG upper ocean (including surface subsurface down to approximately 1000 m). global under current conditions is now established a major sink for CO2, source N2O minor both CH4 CO. importance or NOx largely unknown so far. There still considerable uncertainties about processes their drivers distributions N2O, CH4, CO, ocean. Without having understanding pathways, our knowledge effects ongoing changes—warming, acidification, deoxygenation, eutrophication—on remains rudimentary at best. We suggest that only through comprehensive, coordinated, interdisciplinary approach includes data collection by observation networks joint process studies can necessary be generated (1) identify relevant microbial phytoplankton communities, (2) quantify rates (3) comprehend drivers, (4) decipher economic cultural implications mitigation solutions.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the phylogenomic diversity of Methanomassiliicoccales and implications for mitigating ruminant methane emissions

Genome biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract Background Methanomassiliicoccales are a recently identified order of methanogens that diverse across global environments particularly the gastrointestinal tracts animals; however, their metabolic capacities defined via limited number cultured strains. Results Here, we profile and analyze 243 genomes assembled from representatives uncultured metagenomes recovered various biomes, including different animal species. Our analyses reveal presence numerous undefined genera genetic variability in capabilities within lineages, which is essential for adaptation to ecological niches. In particular, tract demonstrate co-diversified members with hosts over evolutionary timescales likely originated natural environment. We highlight clades vitamin transporter BtuC proteins distinguish other archaeal orders provide competitive advantage efficiently handling B 12 . Furthermore, genome-centric metatranscriptomic analysis ruminants varying methane yields elevated expression select low animals suggest exchanges could enable them occupy niches possibly alter direction H 2 utilization. Conclusions comprehensive updated account divergent drawing obtained habitats. also unique involving , serve as promising targets mitigating ruminant emissions by altering flow.

Language: Английский

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