Climate change research and action must look beyond 2100

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 349 - 361

Published: Sept. 24, 2021

Anthropogenic activity is changing Earth's climate and ecosystems in ways that are potentially dangerous disruptive to humans. Greenhouse gas concentrations the atmosphere continue rise, ensuring these changes will be felt for centuries beyond 2100, current benchmark projection. Estimating effects of past, current, potential future emissions only 2100 therefore short-sighted. Critical problems food production climate-forced human migration projected arise well before raising questions regarding habitability some regions Earth after turn century. To highlight need more distant horizon scanning, we model change 2500 under a suite emission scenarios quantify associated projections crop viability heat stress. Together, our show global impacts increase significantly without rapid mitigation. As result, argue its on well-being governance policy must framed 2100.

Language: Английский

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Point of Departure and Key Concepts

Cambridge University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 121 - 196

Published: June 22, 2023

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Language: Английский

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A Review of Artificial Intelligence and Remote Sensing for Archaeological Research

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(23), P. 6000 - 6000

Published: Nov. 26, 2022

The documentation and protection of archaeological cultural heritage (ACH) using remote sensing, a non-destructive tool, is increasingly popular for experts around the world, as it allows rapid searching mapping at multiple scales, analysis multi-source data sets, dynamic monitoring ACH sites their environments. exploitation sensing products have seen an increased use in recent years fields science heritage. Different spatial spectral datasets been applied to distinguish remains detect changes landscape over time, and, last decade, archaeologists adopted more thoroughly automated object detection approaches potential sites. These included, among others, methods, such those machine learning (ML) deep (DL) algorithms, well convolutional neural networks (CNN) models aerial satellite images, airborne spaceborne (ASRS), multispectral, hyperspectral active methods (synthetic aperture radar (SAR) light ranging (LiDAR)). Researchers also refer explore artificial intelligence (AI) various ways, identifying features classifying them. Here, we present review study related contributions (RS) archaeology. However, main question open field research: rate positive contribution techniques research. scope this summarize state art AI RS research provide some further insights into existing literature.

Language: Английский

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pastclim 1.2: an R package to easily access and use paleoclimatic reconstructions

Ecography, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(3)

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

The recent development of continuous paleoclimatic reconstructions covering hundreds thousands years paved the way for a large number studies from disciplines ranging paleoecology to archaeology, conservation population genetics, macroevolution anthropology and human evolution linguistics. Unfortunately, (paleo)climatic data can be challenging extract analyze scholars unfamiliar with such specific file formats. Here we present pastclim , an R package facilitating access use reconstructions. It currently includes two datasets, respectively last 120 000 800 years, vignette provides instructions on how include additional datasets. contains set functions quickly easily recover climate time periods interest either whole world or areas, locations scattered in space and/or time, retrieve series individual sites, manage ice land coverage, offering handy platform past into existing new analyses pipelines.

Language: Английский

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Frequent disturbances enhanced the resilience of past human populations

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 629(8013), P. 837 - 842

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract The record of past human adaptations provides crucial lessons for guiding responses to crises in the future 1–3 . To date, there have been no systematic global comparisons humans’ ability absorb and recover from disturbances through time 4,5 Here we synthesized resilience across a broad sample prehistoric population time–frequency data, spanning 30,000 years history. Cross-sectional longitudinal analyses decline show that frequent enhance population’s capacity resist later downturns. Land-use patterns are important mediators strength this positive association: farming herding societies more vulnerable but also resilient overall. results trade-offs exist when adopting new or alternative land-use strategies.

Language: Английский

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Navigating ecological novelty towards planetary stewardship: challenges and opportunities in biodiversity dynamics in a transforming biosphere

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1902)

Published: April 7, 2024

Human-induced global changes, including anthropogenic climate change, biotic globalization, trophic downgrading and pervasive land-use intensification, are transforming Earth's biosphere, placing biodiversity ecosystems at the forefront of unprecedented challenges. The Anthropocene, characterized by importance Homo sapiens in shaping Earth system, necessitates a re-evaluation our understanding stewardship ecosystems. This theme issue delves into multifaceted challenges posed ongoing ecological planetary transformation explores potential solutions across four key subthemes. Firstly, it investigates functioning emerging novel ecosystems, emphasizing urgent need to comprehend dynamics under uncharted conditions. second subtheme focuses on projections recognizing necessity predicting shifts Anthropocene. Importantly, inherent uncertainties complexity responses environmental stressors pose for societal accurate change. RAD framework (resist-accept-direct) is highlighted as flexible yet nuanced decision-making tool that recognizes adaptive approaches, providing insights directing adapting Anthropocene while minimizing negative impacts. imperative extend temporal perspective beyond 2100 emphasized, given irreversible changes already set motion. Advancing methods study ecosystem rising biosphere novelty subject third subtheme. fourth emphasizes integrating human perspectives understanding, forecasting managing Cultural diversity biological intertwined, evolving relationship between humans offers lessons future stewardship. Achieving demands collaboration scales integration perspectives, scalable approaches fit changing, conditions, well cultural innovation. article part ‘Ecological stewardship: biosphere’.

Language: Английский

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Antipodal pattern of millet and rice demography in response to 4.2 ka climate event in China

Quaternary Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 295, P. 107786 - 107786

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Twenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward

American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 178(S74), P. 54 - 114

Published: March 22, 2022

Abstract This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled “Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward,” which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6–8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), School of Human Evolution Social Change (ASU), Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), Workshop's overall goal to explore reasons why research proposals submitted bioarchaeologists, both graduate students established scholars, fared disproportionately poorly within recent NSF Anthropology Program competitions offer advice increasing success. Therefore, this comprised 43 international scholars four advanced with history successful grant acquisition, primarily United States. Ultimately, we focused two related aims: (1) best practices improving designs training (2) evaluating topics contemporary significance that reverberate through beyond as promising trajectories bioarchaeological research. Among former were contextual grounding, question/hypothesis generation, statistical procedures appropriate small samples mixed qualitative/quantitative data, salience Bayesian methods, program content. Topical foci included ethics, social inequality, identity (including intersectionality), climate change, migration, violence, epidemic disease, adaptability/plasticity, osteological paradox, developmental origins health disease. Given profound changes required globally address decolonization in 21st century, concern also entered many formal informal discussions.

Language: Английский

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Archaeological encounters: Ethics and aesthetics under the mark of the Anthropocene

Archaeological Dialogues, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 30(1), P. 50 - 67

Published: March 22, 2023

Abstract What legitimizes archaeological work in an age of global climate change, socio-political crises and economic recession? On what topics should archaeology focus its research questions, forms engagement are not merely justifiable but able to make a difference light such challenges? Today, there is tendency, we argue, that responses current challenges expected align with specific mode conduct, political stance genre, where, for example, very particular notion activism, responsibility ethics dominating. There no denial call immediate instrumental reactions, contend valuable reactions can – or even must vary, more fundamental slow ontological epistemological change also be nested within these responses. In this article, explore it means care concerned the Anthropocene through practice aesthetic engagement. By highlighting relations between aesthetics, ways which get touch objects concern, placing undecidability speculation as dispositions equally important urgency impact.

Language: Английский

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Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1889)

Published: Sept. 18, 2023

There is global consensus that we must immediately prioritize climate change adaptation—change in response to or anticipation of risks from change. Some researchers and policymakers urge ‘transformative change’, a complete break past practices, yet report having little data on whether new practices reduce the communities face, even over short term. However, have some leads: human long generated solutions changing climate, scientists who study culture examples effective persistent solutions. This theme issue discusses cultural adaptation change, this paper, review how processes biological adaptation, including innovation, modification, selective retention transmission, shape landscapes decision-makers care about—from which emerge communities, spread adaptations, regional collective action. We introduce comprehensive portal models outline ways forward. article part ‘Climate needs science culture’.

Language: Английский

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