How can COVID-19 vaccines benefit people? A study based on the theory of the commons DOI Creative Commons
Yiqing Su, Yanyan Li,

S. Zhang

et al.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2)

Published: June 20, 2023

COVID−19 vaccination is a fundamental step toward controlling the pandemic and defusing public health crisis it has caused. Existing studies have demonstrated that equitable distribution of vaccines can only be achieved if these are treated as goods. The question remains how to transform into In this paper, based on theory commons governance, theoretical mechanism analyzed realize adequate vaccines. Furthermore, feasible methods benefit people through successful popularization in China summarized. results show ensure supply vaccines, government intervention required because expand vaccine by balancing individual benefits for producing enterprises overall society. also guarantee right every member society receive thus enabling whole nation. By analyzing people, paper further verifies national plays an essential role both developed developing countries. It may mean state play continuing respond major events possible future.

Language: Английский

Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of intradermal mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination: a non-inferiority, randomized-controlled trial DOI Creative Commons
Margaretha Prins, Geert V.T. Roozen, Cilia R. Pothast

et al.

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 2, 2024

Abstract Fractional dosing can be a cost-effective vaccination strategy to accelerate individual and herd immunity in pandemic. We assessed the immunogenicity safety of primary intradermal (ID) vaccination, with 1/5th dose compared standard intramuscular (IM) mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 naïve persons. conducted an open-label, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial Netherlands between June December 2021. One hundred fifty healthy participants, aged 18–30 years, were (1:1:1) receive either two doses 20 µg ID needle (SN) or Bella-mu® (BM), 100 IM, 28 days apart. The outcome was non-inferiority seroconversion rates at day 43 (D43), defined as neutralizing antibody concentration threshold 465 IU/mL, lowest response IM group. margin set −15%. Neutralizing concentrations D43 1789 (95% CI: 1488–2150) 1263 (951–1676) 1295 (1020–1645) ID-SN ID-BM groups, respectively. absolute difference proportion fractional standard-dose groups −13.95% (−24.31 −3.60) for −13.04% (−22.78 −3.31) group exceeded predefined margin. Although did not meet non-inferior criteria, these are far above proposed proxy protection against severe disease (100 IU/mL), justifying this times vaccine scarcity mass disease.

Language: Английский

Citations

10
Expanding capacity for vaccines against Covid-19 and future pandemics: a review of economic issues DOI Creative Commons
Susan Athey, J. C. Castillo,

Esha Chaudhuri

et al.

Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 742 - 770

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract We review economic arguments for using public policy to accelerate vaccine supply during a pandemic. Rapidly vaccinating large share of the global population helps avoid economic, mortality, and social losses, which in case Covid-19 mounted into trillions dollars. However, pharmaceutical firms are unlikely have private incentives invest capacity at socially optimal scale speed. The level spending may cause some sticker shock but—as epitomized by tagline ‘spending billions save trillions’—is eclipsed benefits can be restrained with help careful design advance preparations. Capacity is so valuable pandemic that fractional dosing other measures stretch available should explored.

Language: Английский

Citations

19
Can Operation Warp Speed Serve as a Model for Accelerating Innovations beyond COVID Vaccines? DOI

Arielle D’Souza,

Kendall Hoyt,

Christopher M. Snyder

et al.

Entrepreneurship and Innovation Policy and the Economy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4, P. 103 - 138

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Coagulation and inflammatory response after intramuscular or intradermal mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: secondary analysis of a randomized trial DOI Creative Commons
Willian van Dijk, Margaretha Prins, Anna H.E. Roukens

et al.

Research and Practice in Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(3), P. 102419 - 102419

Published: March 1, 2024

Fractional-dosed intradermal (i.d.) vaccination produces antibody concentrations above the proposed proxy for protection against severe disease as compared with intramuscular (i.m.) and may be associated a decreased prothrombotic effect.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Vaccines and the Covid-19 pandemic: lessons from failure and success DOI Creative Commons
Scott Duke Kominers, Alex Tabarrok

Oxford Review of Economic Policy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 719 - 741

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract The losses from the global Covid-19 pandemic have been staggering—trillions in economic costs, on top of significant life, health, and well-being. world made successful investments vaccines to mitigate pandemic, yet there were missed opportunities, as well. We review what has learnt about value vaccines, speed at which can be developed, optimal ethical approaches vaccine distribution, well other issues related emergency preparedness. Surprisingly, spending remains far below that would justified by social return. remain poorly prepared for future pandemics emergencies.

Language: Английский

Citations

11
Performance of SARS COV-2 IgG Anti-N as an Independent Marker of Exposure to SARS COV-2 in an Unvaccinated West African Population DOI Creative Commons
Adam Abdullahi, James Opoku Frimpong, Mark T. K. Cheng

et al.

American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 109(4), P. 890 - 894

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Determination of previous SARS-COV-2 infection is hampered by the absence a standardized test. The marker used to assess exposure IgG antibody nucleocapsid (IgG anti-N), although it known wane quickly from peripheral blood. accuracies seven tests (virus neutralization test, anti-N, anti-spike [anti-S], anti-receptor binding domain [anti-RBD], anti-N + anti-RBD, anti-S, and anti-S anti-RBD), either singly or in combination, were evaluated on 502 cryopreserved serum samples collected before COVID-19 vaccination rollout Kumasi, Ghana. accuracy each index test was measured using composite reference standard based combination tests. According reference, 262 participants previously exposed; most sensitive virus with 95.4% sensitivity (95% CI: 93.6-97.3), followed 79.0% for 76.3-83.3). specific both 100% specificity. Viral overall accurate tests, specificity/sensitivity 100/95.2% 79.0/92.1%, respectively. Our findings indicate that alone an inadequate prior SARS COV-2 this population. Virus assay appears be discerning infection. A also suited assessment low-resource settings.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
Intradermal delivery of the third dose of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: safety and immunogenicity of a fractional booster dose DOI Creative Commons
Geert V.T. Roozen,

Manon L. M. Prins,

Corine Prins

et al.

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2024

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess safety and immunogenicity a dose-sparing fractional intradermal (ID) booster strategy with the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine.MethodsCOVID-19 naive adults aged 18-30 years were recruited from previous on primary vaccination regimens that compared 20 μg ID vaccinations 100 IM as series. Participants previously immunized randomly assigned (1:1) receive dose (20 μg) or standard-of-care intramuscular (IM) (50 vaccine, six months after completing their series (ID-ID ID-IM group, respectively). had received full regimen series, (IM-IM group). Additionally, individuals 18-40 an mRNA vaccine general population (IM-ID Immunogenicity assessed using IgG anti-spike antibody responses neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2. Cellular immune measured in sub-group. Safety tolerability monitored.ResultsIn January 2022, 129 participants included. Fractional boosting safe well-tolerated, fewer systemic adverse events boosting. At day 28 post-booster, S1 geometric mean concentrations 9,106 (95% CI: 7,150-11,597) binding units (BAU)/mL IM-IM group 4,357 (3,003-6,322) BAU/mL, 6,629 (4,913-8,946) 5,264 (4,032-6,873) BAU/mL ID-IM, ID-ID, IM-ID groups, respectively.ConclusionsID provides robust is viable for vaccines. The favorable side-effect profile supports its potential reducing hesitancy. dosing strategies should be considered early clinical development future vaccines enhance availability pandemic preparedness.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Predicting Efficacies of Fractional Doses of Vaccines by Using Neutralizing Antibody Levels: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis DOI Creative Commons
Zhanwei Du, Caifen Liu, Yuan Bai

et al.

JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10, P. e49812 - e49812

Published: July 12, 2024

Abstract Background With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants that have eluded immunity from vaccines and prior infections, vaccine shortages effectiveness pose unprecedented challenges for governments in expanding booster vaccination programs. The fractionation doses might be an effective strategy helping society to face these challenges, as fractional may efficacies comparable with those standard doses. Objective This study aims investigate relationship between immunogenicity protection project COVID-19 by using neutralizing antibody levels. Methods In this study, we analyzed vitro neutralization levels observed against both asymptomatic infection symptomatic infection, data 13 studies 10 convalescent cohorts. We further projected doses, intermediate variable, based on 51 included our systematic review. Results comparisons level, efficacy increased 8.8% (95% CI 1.4%-16.1%) 71.8% 63%-80.7%) 33.6% 23.6%-43.6%) 98.6% 97.6%-99.7%), respectively, mean level 0.1 folds level. Additionally, mRNA provided strongest protection, which decreased slowly dosing dosages 50% 100% dose. also although rate increase was slower than infection. Conclusions Our results are consistent immune Based expect fractional-dose could provide partial its variants. findings a theoretical basis vaccines, serving reference evidence implementing policies areas facing thereby mitigating disease burden. Fractional-dose viable full-dose deserves exploration.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Immunogenicity and reactogenicity after booster dose with AZD1222 via intradermal route among adult who had received CoronaVac DOI
Rapisa Nantanee, Puneyavee Aikphaibul, Peera Jaru-Ampornpan

et al.

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 40(24), P. 3320 - 3329

Published: May 1, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

10
If You Build it, Will They Vaccinate? The Impact of COVID-19 Vaccine Sites on Vaccination Rates and Outcomes DOI Open Access
John S. Brownstein, Jonathan Cantor,

Benjamin G. Rader

et al.

Published: Sept. 1, 2022

Safe and effective vaccines have vastly reduced the lethality of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, but disparities exist in vaccine take-up.Although out-of-pocket price is set to zero U.S., time (information gathering, signing up, transportation waiting) misinformation costs still apply.To understand extent which geographic access impacts vaccination take-up rates health outcomes, we leverage exogenous, pre-existing variation locations retail pharmacies participating U.S. federal government's distribution program through over 40% US doses were administered.We use unique data on nearly all administrations 2021.We find that presence a pharmacy site county leads an approximately 26% increase per-capita number administered, possibly indicating proximity familiarity play substantial role decisions.Increases county-level per capita lead decline new cases, hospitalizations, deaths, with heterogeneity based rurality, political leanings, income, race composition.The relationship estimate suggests averting one case, hospitalization, death requires 25, 200, 1,500 total doses, respectively.These results imply 9,500% 22,500% economic return full vaccination.Overall, our findings add understanding decisions for design COVID era other public interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

10