Active cell proliferation contributes to the enlargement of the nascent nucleus pulposus DOI Open Access
Rose G. Long, ChangHee Lee, Clifford J. Tabin

et al.

Developmental Dynamics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 20, 2025

Abstract Background The notochord is an embryonic organ involved in forming and patterning the spinal column. mechanism by which transforms from a continuous rod to segmented structure excluded vertebrae residing solely as nucleus pulposus within intervertebral disc understudied. current model of notochordal segmentation suggests that swelling through formation maturation vertebrate cartilage squeezes cells vertebra. Results Analysis Collagen 10, marker for hypertrophic differentiation, well evaluation changes cell density, reveal expansion vertebral precursor occurs after has already taken place. We find bulk derived accelerated proliferation itself. In proliferation, increased at importantly contributes expand area. Conclusions Our data consistent with hypothesis enlargement before vertebra undergo hypertrophy.

Language: Английский

Polyploidy in Xenopus lowers metabolic rate by decreasing total cell surface area DOI Creative Commons
Clotilde Cadart, Julianne Bartz,

Gillian Oaks

et al.

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(9), P. 1744 - 1752.e7

Published: April 19, 2023

Although polyploidization is frequent in development, cancer, and evolution, impacts on animal metabolism are poorly understood. In Xenopus frogs, the number of genome copies (ploidy) varies across species can be manipulated within a species. Here, we show that triploid tadpoles contain fewer, larger cells than diploids consume oxygen at lower rate. Drug treatments revealed major processes accounting for tadpole energy expenditure include cell proliferation, biosynthesis, maintenance plasma membrane potential. While inhibiting proliferation did not abolish consumption difference between triploids, altered cellular biosynthesis or electrical potential did. Combining these results with simple mathematical framework, propose decrease total surface area lowered production activity components including Na

Language: Английский

Citations

18
Noninvasive morpho-molecular imaging reveals early therapy-induced senescence in human cancer cells DOI Creative Commons
Arianna Bresci, Jeong Hee Kim, Silvia Ghislanzoni

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(37)

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Anticancer therapy screening in vitro identifies additional treatments and improves clinical outcomes. Systematically, although most tested cells respond to cues with apoptosis, an appreciable portion enters a senescent state, critical condition potentially driving tumor resistance relapse. Conventional protocols would strongly benefit from prompt identification monitoring of therapy-induced (TIS) their native form. We combined complementary all-optical, label-free, quantitative microscopy techniques, based on coherent Raman scattering, multiphoton absorption, interferometry, explore the early onset progression this phenotype, which has been understudied unperturbed conditions. identified TIS manifestations as 24 hours following treatment, consisting substantial mitochondrial rearrangement increase volume dry mass, followed by accumulation lipid vesicles starting at 72 hours. This work holds potential affect anticancer treatment research, offering rapid, accurate method identify initial cells.

Language: Английский

Citations

17
Protecting Proteins from Desiccation Stress Using Molecular Glasses and Gels DOI Creative Commons
Gil I. Olgenblum,

Brent O. Hutcheson,

Gary J. Pielak

et al.

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 124(9), P. 5668 - 5694

Published: April 18, 2024

Faced with desiccation stress, many organisms deploy strategies to maintain the integrity of their cellular components. Amorphous glassy media composed small molecular solutes or protein gels present general for protecting against drying. We review these and proposed mechanisms explain protection in a vitreous matrix under conditions low hydration. also describe efforts exploit similar technological applications proteins dry highly desiccated states. Finally, we outline open questions possibilities future explorations.

Language: Английский

Citations

8
Viscosity-dependent control of protein synthesis and degradation DOI Creative Commons
Yuping Chen, Jo‐Hsi Huang,

Connie Phong

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 8, 2024

Abstract It has been proposed that the concentration of proteins in cytoplasm maximizes speed important biochemical reactions. Here we have used Xenopus egg extracts, which can be diluted or concentrated to yield a range cytoplasmic protein concentrations, test effect on mRNA translation and degradation. We find synthesis rates are maximal ~1x cytoplasm, whereas degradation continues rise higher optimal ~1.8x. show this difference optima attributed greater sensitivity viscosity. The different could produce negative feedback homeostatic system, where increasing above 1x physiological level increases viscosity selectively inhibits drives system back toward set point.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Nanoplastics Penetrate Human Bronchial Smooth Muscle and Small Airway Epithelial Cells and Affect Mitochondrial Metabolism DOI Open Access
Ewa Winiarska, Monika Chaszczewska-Markowska, Daniel Ghete

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4724 - 4724

Published: April 26, 2024

Micro- and nanoplastic particles, including common forms like polyethylene polystyrene, have been identified as relevant pollutants, potentially causing health problems in living organisms. The mechanisms at the cellular level largely remain to be elucidated. This study aims visualize nanoplastics bronchial smooth muscle (BSMC) small airway epithelial cells (SAEC), assess impact on mitochondrial metabolism. Healthy asthmatic human BSMC SAEC vitro cultures were stimulated with polystyrene (PS-NPs) of 25 or 50 nm size, for 1 24 h. Live cell, label-free imaging by holotomography microscopy respiration glycolysis assessment performed. Furthermore, NPs shown penetrate SAEC, along healthy diseased BSMC, they impaired bioenergetics induce dysfunction compared not treated NPs, changes oxygen consumption rate extracellular acidification rate. pose a serious threat penetrating tissues cells, affecting both oxidative glycolytic

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Elimination of damaged mitochondria during UVB‐induced senescence is orchestrated by NIX‐dependent mitophagy DOI Creative Commons
Maria Cavinato, Ines Martic, Sophia Wedel

et al.

Aging Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 23(8)

Published: May 17, 2024

Abstract Skin aging is the result of two types aging, “intrinsic aging” an inevitable consequence physiologic and genetically determined changes “extrinsic aging,” which dependent on external factors such as exposure to sunlight, smoking, dietary habits. UVB causes skin injury through generation free radicals other oxidative byproducts, also contributing DNA damage. Appearance accumulation senescent cells in are considered one hallmarks this tissue. Mitochondria play important role for development cellular senescence, particular stress‐induced senescence human cells. However, many aspects mitochondrial physiology relevant extrinsic remain be unraveled. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondria damaged by irradiation dermal fibroblasts (HDF) eliminated NIX‐dependent mitophagy process cell survival under these conditions. Additionally, UVB‐irradiation induces shedding extracellular vesicles (EVs), significantly enhanced UVB‐irradiated NIX‐depleted Our findings establish NIX main receptor UVB‐induced suggest release EVs alternative mechanism quality control HDF.

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Volume growth in animal cells is cell cycle dependent and shows additive fluctuations DOI Creative Commons
Clotilde Cadart, Larisa Venkova, Matthieu Piel

et al.

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 27, 2022

The way proliferating animal cells coordinate the growth of their mass, volume, and other relevant size parameters is a long-standing question in biology. Studies focusing on cell mass have identified patterns as function time cycle phase, but little known about volume growth. To address this question, we improved our fluorescence exclusion method measurement (FXm) obtained 1700 single-cell trajectories HeLa cells. We find that, during most cycle, close to exponential proceeds at higher rate S-G2 than G1. Comparing data with mathematical model, establish that cell-to-cell variability arises from constant-amplitude fluctuations steps rather underlying specific rate. hypothesize such ‘additive noise’ could emerge processes regulate adaptation biophysical cues, tension or osmotic pressure.

Language: Английский

Citations

28
Scaling of biosynthesis and metabolism with cell size DOI
Clotilde Cadart, Rebecca Heald

Molecular Biology of the Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 33(9)

Published: Aug. 1, 2022

Cells adopt a size that is optimal for their function, and pushing them beyond this limit can cause cell aging death by senescence or reduce proliferative potential. However, increasing genome copy number (ploidy), cells increase dramatically homeostatically maintain physiological properties such as biosynthesis rate. Recent studies investigating the relationship between rates of metabolism under normal, polyploid, pathological conditions are revealing new insights into how attain best function fitness tuning processes including transcription, translation, mitochondrial respiration. A frontier to connect single-cell scaling relationships with tissue whole-organism physiology, which promises reveal molecular evolutionary principles underlying astonishing diversity observed across tree life.

Language: Английский

Citations

25
Profiling single cancer cell metabolism via high-content SRS imaging with chemical sparsity DOI Creative Commons
Yuying Tan, Haonan Lin, Ji‐Xin Cheng

et al.

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(33)

Published: Aug. 16, 2023

Metabolic reprogramming in a subpopulation of cancer cells is hallmark tumor chemoresistance. However, single-cell metabolic profiling difficult because the lack method that can simultaneously detect multiple metabolites at level. In this study, through hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (hSRS) imaging carbon-hydrogen (C–H) window and sparsity-driven image decomposition, we demonstrate high-content hSRS (h 2 SRS) approach enables simultaneous mapping five major biomolecules, including proteins, carbohydrates, fatty acids, cholesterol, nucleic acids h SRS brain pancreatic under chemotherapy revealed acute adapted chemotherapy-induced unique features Our expected to facilitate discovery therapeutic targets combat This study illustrates high-content, label-free chemical measures profiles level warrants further research on cellular metabolism.

Language: Английский

Citations

16
Measuring single-cell density with high throughput enables dynamic profiling of immune cell and drug response from patient samples DOI
Weida Wu, Sarah H. Ishamuddin,

Thomas W Quinn

et al.

Published: April 28, 2024

Cell density, the ratio of cell mass to volume, is an indicator molecular crowding and therefore a fundamental determinant state function. However, existing density measurements lack precision or throughput quantify subtle differences in states, particularly primary samples. Here we present approach for measuring 30,000 single cells per hour with 0.03% (0.0003 g/mL) by integrating fluorescence exclusion microscopy suspended microchannel resonator. Applying this human lymphocytes, discovered that its variation decrease as transition from quiescence proliferative state, suggesting level decreases becomes more regulated upon entry into cycle. Using pancreatic cancer patient-derived xenograft model, found ex vivo response tumor drug treatment can predict growth response. Our method reveals unexpected behavior during transitions suggests new biomarker functional medicine.

Language: Английский

Citations

6