The MIT Press eBooks,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 29, 2023
The
unexpected
diversity,
beauty,
and
strangeness
of
life
in
ancient
lakes—some
millions
years
old—and
the
remarkable
insights
lakes
are
yielding
about
causes
biodiversity.
Most
less
than
10,000
old
short-lived,
but
there
is
a
much
smaller
number
lakes,
tectonic
origin
often
old,
that
scattered
across
every
continent
Antarctica:
Baikal,
Tanganyika,
Victoria,
Titicaca,
Biwa,
to
name
few.
Often
these
filled
with
diversity
fish,
crustaceans,
snails,
other
creatures
found
nowhere
else
world.
In
Our
Ancient
Lakes,
Jeffrey
McKinnon
introduces
living
aquatic
bodies
general
reader
explains
surprising,
controversial,
findings
study
their
faunas
formation
persistence
species.
first
single-authored
volume
synthesize
studies
Lakes
provides
an
overview
distinctive
geological
origins;
accounts
evolutionary
processes
have
generated
incredible
produced
some
fastest
speciation
rates
known
for
vertebrates;
surprisingly
important
role
interspecies
mating
most
rapid
diversifications;
uniquely
complete
records
inhabited
which
being
extracted
from
deep
lake
sediments;
prospects
as
we
tumble
into
Anthropocene;
more.
Shining
light
on
class
biodiversity
hot
spot
equivalent
coral
reefs
ocean
or
tropical
rainforests
land,
chronicles
refreshingly
personal
accessible
way
singular
wonders
venerable
water
bodies.
MIT
Press
gratefully
acknowledges
Furthermore:
program
J.M.
Kaplan
Fund.
EvoDevo,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
14(1)
Published: Jan. 5, 2023
Cichlid
fishes
are
a
very
diverse
and
species-rich
family
of
teleost
that
inhabit
lakes
rivers
India,
Africa,
South
Central
America.
Research
has
largely
focused
on
East
African
cichlids
the
Rift
Lakes
Tanganyika,
Malawi,
Victoria
constitute
biodiversity
hotspots
cichlid
fishes.
Here,
we
give
an
overview
study
system,
research
questions,
methodologies.
spans
many
disciplines
including
ecology,
evolution,
physiology,
genetics,
development,
behavioral
biology.
In
this
review,
focus
range
organismal
traits,
coloration
phenotypes,
trophic
adaptations,
appendages
like
fins
scales,
sensory
systems,
sex,
brains,
behaviors.
Moreover,
discuss
studies
phylogenies,
plasticity,
general
evolutionary
patterns,
ranging
from
convergence
to
speciation
rates
proximate
ultimate
mechanisms
underlying
these
processes.
From
methodological
viewpoint,
last
decade
brought
great
advances
in
fish
research,
particularly
through
advent
affordable
deep
sequencing
genetic
manipulations.
The
ability
integrate
across
traits
disciplines,
developmental
biology
ecology
makes
fascinating
system.
Integrative and Comparative Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
63(4), P. 891 - 906
Published: May 8, 2023
"Sex"
is
often
used
to
describe
a
suite
of
phenotypic
and
genotypic
traits
an
organism
related
reproduction.
However,
these
traits-gamete
type,
chromosomal
inheritance,
physiology,
morphology,
behavior,
etc.-are
not
necessarily
coupled,
the
rhetorical
collapse
variation
into
single
term
elides
much
complexity
inherent
in
sexual
phenotypes.
We
argue
that
consideration
"sex"
as
constructed
category
operating
at
multiple
biological
levels
opens
up
new
avenues
for
inquiry
our
study
variation.
apply
this
framework
three
case
studies
illustrate
diversity
sex
variation,
from
decoupling
phenotypes
evolutionary
ecological
consequences
intrasexual
polymorphisms.
instead
assuming
binary
systems,
some
may
be
better
categorized
multivariate
nonbinary.
Finally,
we
conduct
meta-analysis
terms
scientific
literature
highlight
how
model
can
clarify,
rather
than
cloud,
within
across
species.
such
expanded
equips
us
understand
processes,
biologists,
it
incumbent
upon
push
back
against
misunderstandings
biology
enact
harm
on
marginalized
communities.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
24(3), P. 2468 - 2468
Published: Jan. 27, 2023
In
vertebrates,
mainly
single
genes
with
an
allele
ratio
of
1:1
trigger
sex-determination
(SD),
leading
to
initial
equal
sex-ratios.
Such
are
designated
master-key
regulators
(MKRs)
and
frequently
associated
DNA
structural
variations,
such
as
copy-number
variation
null-alleles.
Most
MKR
knowledge
comes
from
fish,
especially
cichlids,
which
serve
a
genetic
model
for
SD.
We
list
14
MKRs,
dmrt1
has
been
identified
in
taxonomically
distant
species
birds
fish.
The
identification
MKRs
known
involvement
SD,
amh
fshr,
indicates
that
common
network
drives
illustrate
affects
estrogen/androgen
equilibrium,
suggesting
may
exert
over-expression
the
gene
thus
form
MKR.
However,
reason
why
certain
factors
constitute
whereas
others
do
not
is
unclear.
limited
number
conserved
suggests
their
heterologous
sequences
could
be
used
targets
future
searches
additional
species.
Sex-specific
mortality,
sex
reversal,
role
temperature
multigenic
SD
examined,
claiming
these
phenomena
often
consequences
artificial
hybridization.
discuss
essentiality
taxonomic
authentication
validate
purebred
origin
before
searches.
Sex
determination
(SD)
is
not
conserved
among
teleost
fishes
and
can
even
differ
between
populations
of
the
same
species.
Across
outstandingly
species-rich
fish
family
Cichlidae,
more
SD
systems
are
being
discovered.
Still,
picture
evolution
in
this
group
far
from
complete.
Lake
Tanganyika
its
affluent
rivers
home
to
Astatotilapia
burtoni,
which
belongs
extremely
successful
East
African
cichlid
lineage
Haplochromini.
Previously,
different
families
an
A.
burtoni
laboratory
strain,
XYW
system
XY
have
been
described.
The
latter
was
also
found
a
second
strain.
In
laboratory-reared
descending
population
species'
southern
distribution,
Yet,
analysis
sex
chromosomes
for
whole
species
distribution
missing.
Here,
we
examined
genomes
11
natural
encompassing
wide
range
sex-linked
regions.
We
did
detect
signs
differentiated
previously
described
chromosomal
present
lines,
suggesting
under
(long-term)
artificial
conditions.
suggest
that
labile
than
assumed
consists
combination
non-genetic,
polygenic,
or
poorly
chromosomes.
The American Naturalist,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
202(2), P. 231 - 240
Published: March 6, 2023
AbstractSex
chromosomes
rapidly
turn
over
in
several
taxonomic
groups.
Sex
chromosome
turnover
is
generally
thought
to
start
with
the
appearance
of
a
new
sex-determining
gene
on
an
autosome
while
old
still
exists,
followed
by
fixation
one.
However,
we
do
not
know
how
prevalent
transient
state
is,
where
multiple
loci
coexist
within
natural
populations.
Here,
removed
Y
master
male-determining
DMY
from
medaka
fish
using
high
temperature-induced
sex-reversed
males.
After
four
generations,
genomic
characteristics
sex
were
found
one
chromosome,
which
was
original
population.
Thus,
elimination
locus
can
reveal
cryptic
possible
effect,
be
seed
for
turnover.
Our
results
suggest
that
populations
seem
have
single-locus
XY
system
may
other
chromosomal
regions
effects.
In
conclusion,
coexistence
genes
population
more
than
previously
thought.
Experimental
serve
as
promising
method
finding
protosex
chromosome.
