Something Fishy about Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens) Sex: Polygenic Sex Determination or a Newly Emerged Sex-Determining Region?

Cells, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 1764 - 1764

Published: May 27, 2022

Fishes provide a unique and intriguing model system for studying the genomic origin evolutionary mechanisms underlying sex determination high sex-chromosome turnover. In this study, mode of was investigated in Siamese fighting fish, species commercial importance. Genome-wide SNP analyses were performed on 75 individuals (40 males 35 females) across populations to determine candidate sex-specific/sex-linked loci. total, 73 male-specific loci identified mapped 5.6 kb region chromosome 9, suggesting putative male-determining (pMDR) containing localized dmrt1 znrf3 functional developmental genes. Repeat annotations pMDR revealed an abundance transposable elements, particularly Ty3/Gypsy novel repeats. Remarkably, two out located chromosomes 7 19, implying existence polygenic determination. Besides loci, five female-specific 9 also observed certain populations, indicating possibility female-determining nature An alternative explanation is that derived from other or fish recently emerged as new sex-determining during domestication repeated hybridization.

Language: Английский

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Multivariate models of animal sex: breaking binaries leads to a better understanding of ecology and evolution

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Abstract ‘Sex’ is often used to describe a suite of phenotypic and genotypic traits an organism related reproduction. However, these – gamete type, chromosomal inheritance, physiology, morphology, behavior, etc. are not necessarily coupled, the rhetorical collapse variation into single term elides much complexity inherent in sexual phenotypes. We argue that consideration ‘sex’ as constructed category operating at multiple biological levels opens up new avenues for inquiry our study variation. apply this framework three case studies illustrate diversity sex variation, from decoupling phenotypes evolutionary ecological consequences intrasexual polymorphisms. instead assuming binary systems, some may be better categorized multivariate nonbinary. Finally, we conduct meta-analysis terms scientific literature highlight how model can clarify, rather than cloud, within across species. such expanded equips us understand processes, biologists it incumbent upon push back against misunderstandings biology enact harm on marginalized communities.

Language: Английский

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Sex chromosomes in the tribe Cyprichromini (Teleostei: Cichlidae) of Lake Tanganyika

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Abstract Sex determining loci have been described on at least 12 of 22 chromosomes in East African cichlid fishes, indicating a high rate sex chromosome turnover. To better understand the rates and patterns replacement, we used new methods to characterize tribe Cyprichromini from Lake Tanganyika. Our k-mer based successfully identified sex-linked polymorphisms without need for reference genome. We confirm three previously reported this group. determined polarity turnover LG05 Cyprichromis as ZW XY. locus LG04 Paracyprichromis brieni. The LG15 XY nigripinnis was not found other species, sample sp. “tembwe ” is likely be hybrid origin. Although highly divergent are thought develop stepwise manner, show two cases (LG05-ZW LG05-XY) which region differentiation encompasses most chromosome, but appears arisen single step. This study expands our understanding evolution Cyprichromini, indicates an even higher level than thought.

Language: Английский

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Developmental plasticity and variability in the formation of egg‐spots, a pigmentation ornament in the cichlid Astatotilapia calliptera

Evolution & Development, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(3)

Published: March 30, 2024

Abstract Vertebrate pigmentation patterns are highly diverse, yet we have a limited understanding of how evolutionary changes to genetic, cellular, and developmental mechanisms generate variation. To address this, examine the formation sexually‐selected male ornament exhibiting inter‐ intraspecific variation, egg‐spot pattern, consisting circular yellow‐orange markings on anal fins haplochromine cichlid fishes. We focus Astatotilapia calliptera , ancestor‐type species Malawi adaptive radiation over 850 species. identify key role for iridophores in initializing aggregations composed iridophore‐xanthophore associations. Despite adult sexual dimorphism, initially form both males females, with development only diverging between sexes at later stages. Unexpectedly, found that timing initialization is plastic. The earlier individuals socially isolated, form, being cell type responds social environment. Furthermore, observe apparent competitive interactions adjacent aggregations, which strongly suggests patterning results mostly from cell‐autonomous cellular interactions. Together, these demonstrate A. an exciting model investigating pigment pattern level system plasticity, As represents ancestral bauplan egg‐spots, findings provide baseline informed comparisons across incredibly diverse radiation.

Language: Английский

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Sex determination and differentiation in teleost fishes

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 28

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Transient receptor potential a1b regulates primordial germ cell numbers and sex differentiation in developing zebrafish

Journal of Fish Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Temperature is a leading environmental factor determining the sex ratio of some animal populations, such as fish, amphibians, and reptiles. However, underlying mechanism by which temperature affects gender still poorly understood. Transient receptor potential a1b (Trpa1b) belongs to ion channel family transient potentials exhibits dual thermosensitivity heat cold. In this study, we have unveiled novel function trpa1b gene. Zebrafish generated through clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 with Trpa1b-null manifest male-biased ratio. The quantity primordial germ cells (PGCs) in zebrafish closely linked determination gonadal development. Yet role gene reproductive development remains unexplored literature. Our investigation revealed significant reduction PGCs Trpa1b mutant compared their wild-type counterparts 24-h postfertilization (hpf). Transcriptome sequencing tissues near crest embryos at 1.25 days (dpf) differential changes PGC-related marker genes related sperm cell differentiation. relative expression ddx4 sycp3 was significantly downregulated, whereas amh upregulated 20 dpf

Language: Английский

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Trophic level associated gut length divergence evolved under sexual conflict in Lake Malawi cichlids

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 11, 2024

Abstract Variation in gastrointestinal morphology is associated with dietary specialization across the animal kingdom. Gut length generally correlates trophic level, and increased gut herbivores a classic example of adaptation to cope diets lower nutrient content higher proportion refractory material. However, genetic basis variation remains largely unstudied, partly due inaccessibility plasticity tissue, as well lack diversity within traditional model organisms relative that observed among species belonging different levels. Here, we confirm recently evolved Lake Malawi cichlid fish adaptations. We then produce interspecific, inter-trophic-level hybrids map differences intestinal an F2 mapping cross between Metriaclima mbenjii , omnivore relatively long gut, Aulonocara koningsi carnivore short gut. identify numerous candidate quantitative trait loci for length. These are predominantly sex-specific, supporting evolutionary history sexual conflicts also epistatic interactions potentially canalization maintenance cryptic adaptive radiation. Overall, our results suggest complex, polygenic evolution level cichlids, may be involved processes underlying other traits cichlids. Summary This study examines which exhibit It highlights how cichlids recapitulate broad taxonomic trend: omnivores having longer intestines than carnivores. By creating (omnivore) (carnivore), several differences. associations suggesting historical conflicts. The indicate these fish, shaping species.

Language: Английский

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Developmental plasticity and variability in the formation of egg-spots, a pigmentation ornament in the cichlidAstatotilapia calliptera

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 6, 2023

ABSTRACT Vertebrate pigmentation patterns are highly diverse, yet we have a limited understanding of how evolutionary changes to genetic, cellular, and developmental mechanisms generate variation. To address this, examine the formation sexually-selected male ornament exhibiting inter- intra-specific variation, egg-spot pattern, consisting circular yellow-orange markings on anal fins haplochromine cichlid fishes. We focus Astatotilapia calliptera , ancestor-type species Malawi adaptive radiation over 850 species. identify key role for iridophores in initialising aggregations composed iridophore-xanthophore associations. Despite adult sexual dimorphism, initially form both males females, with development only diverging between sexes at later stages. Unexpectedly, found that timing initialisation is plastic. The earlier individuals establish their own territory form, being cell type responds social conditions. Furthermore, observe apparent competitive interactions adjacent aggregations, which strongly suggests patterning results mostly from cell-autonomous cellular interactions. Together, these demonstrate A. an exciting model investigating pigment pattern level system plasticity, As represents ancestral bauplan egg-spots, findings provide baseline informed comparisons across incredibly diverse radiation.

Language: Английский

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Our Ancient Lakes

The MIT Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 29, 2023

The unexpected diversity, beauty, and strangeness of life in ancient lakes—some millions years old—and the remarkable insights lakes are yielding about causes biodiversity. Most less than 10,000 old short-lived, but there is a much smaller number lakes, tectonic origin often old, that scattered across every continent Antarctica: Baikal, Tanganyika, Victoria, Titicaca, Biwa, to name few. Often these filled with diversity fish, crustaceans, snails, other creatures found nowhere else world. In Our Ancient Lakes, Jeffrey McKinnon introduces living aquatic bodies general reader explains surprising, controversial, findings study their faunas formation persistence species. first single-authored volume synthesize studies Lakes provides an overview distinctive geological origins; accounts evolutionary processes have generated incredible produced some fastest speciation rates known for vertebrates; surprisingly important role interspecies mating most rapid diversifications; uniquely complete records inhabited which being extracted from deep lake sediments; prospects as we tumble into Anthropocene; more. Shining light on class biodiversity hot spot equivalent coral reefs ocean or tropical rainforests land, chronicles refreshingly personal accessible way singular wonders venerable water bodies. MIT Press gratefully acknowledges Furthermore: program J.M. Kaplan Fund.

Language: Английский

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