Unlocking complex soil systems as carbon sinks: multi-pool management as the key

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: June 15, 2023

Much research focuses on increasing carbon storage in mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM), which may persist for centuries to millennia. However, MAOM-targeted management is insufficient because the formation pathways of persistent soil are diverse and vary with environmental conditions. Effective must also consider particulate (POM). In many soils, there potential enlarging POM pools, can over long time scales, be a direct precursor MAOM. We present framework context-dependent strategies that recognizes soils as complex systems conditions constrain MAOM formation.

Language: Английский

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Carbon Sequestration Strategies in Soil Using Biochar: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(31), P. 11357 - 11372

Published: July 26, 2023

Biochar, a carbon (C)-rich material obtained from the thermochemical conversion of biomass under oxygen-limited environments, has been proposed as one most promising materials for C sequestration and climate mitigation in soil. The contribution biochar hinges not only on its fused aromatic structure but also abiotic biotic reactions with soil components across entire life cycle environment. For instance, minerals microorganisms can deeply participate mineralization or complexation labile (soluble easily decomposable) even recalcitrant fractions biochar, thereby profoundly affecting cycling Here we identify five key issues closely related to application review outstanding advances. Specifically, terms use pyrochar, hydrochar, stability soil, effect flux speciation changes emission nitrogen-containing greenhouse gases induced by production application, barriers are expounded. By elaborating these critical issues, discuss challenges knowledge gaps that hinder our understanding provide outlooks future research directions. We suggest combining mechanistic biochar-to-soil interactions long-term field studies, while considering influence multiple factors processes, is essential bridge gaps. Further, standards should be widely implemented, threshold values urgently developed. Also needed comprehensive prospective assessments restricted account contributions contamination remediation, quality improvement, vegetation accurately reflect total benefits

Language: Английский

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Microbial necromass in cropland soils: A global meta‐analysis of management effects

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1998 - 2014

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Abstract Microbial necromass is a large and persistent component of soil organic carbon (SOC), especially under croplands. The effects cropland management on microbial accumulation its contribution to SOC have been measured in individual studies but not yet summarized the global scale. We conducted meta‐analysis 481‐paired measurements from soils examine identify optimal conditions for accumulation. Nitrogen fertilization increased total C by 12%, cover crops 14%, no or reduced tillage (NT/RT) 20%, manure 21%, straw amendment 21%. was independent biochar addition. NT/RT fungal more than bacterial necromass. Manure higher fungal, leading decreased ratio fungal‐to‐bacterial Greater increases after amendments were common semi‐arid cool climates with pH <8, proportional amount input. In contrast, mainly warm humid climates. application irrespective properties climate. Management strong when applied during medium (3–10 years) long (10+ periods larger initial contents, absent sandy soils. Close positive links between biomass, indicate important role stabilized products accrual. increment (accumulation efficiency) NT/RT, crops, ranged 45% 52%, which 9%–16% N fertilization. summary, long‐term enhancing accumulation, optimizing sequestration requires site‐specific management.

Language: Английский

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Calcium promotes persistent soil organic matter by altering microbial transformation of plant litter

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Calcium (Ca) can contribute to soil organic carbon (SOC) persistence by mediating physico-chemical interactions between compounds and minerals. Yet, Ca is also crucial for microbial adhesion, potentially affecting colonization of plant mineral surfaces. The importance as a mediator microbe-mineral-organic matter resulting SOC transformation has been largely overlooked. We incubated 44Ca labeled soils with 13C15N leaf litter study how affects formation associated matter. Here we show that additions promote hyphae-forming bacteria, which often specialize in colonizing surfaces, increase incorporation into biomass use efficiency approximately 45% each. reduce cumulative CO2 production 4%, while promoting associations minerals byproducts litter. These findings expand the role from solely driver reactions coupled abiotic-biotic cycling SOC.

Language: Английский

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Tree species diversity increases soil microbial carbon use efficiency in a subtropical forest

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(24), P. 7131 - 7144

Published: Oct. 19, 2023

Plant communities strongly influence soil microbial and, in turn, carbon (C) cycling. Microbial use efficiency (CUE) is an important parameter for predicting C accumulation, yet how plant and community traits CUE remains poorly understood. Here, we determined influenced by traits, studying a natural gradient of species diversity subtropical forest. Our results showed that increased with increasing tree diversity, suggesting correlation between storage. The specific properties explained the greatest variation were associated (biomass, enzyme activities ratio oligotrophic to copiotrophic taxa); there weaker correlations plant-input properties, chemistry organic quality its mineral protection. Overall, high was correlated diversity: higher substrate availability (simple SOM chemical structures weak associations) growth rates despite dominance strategists. point mechanism which may increase forest sink affecting community.

Language: Английский

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Microbial carbon use efficiency in different ecosystems: A meta‐analysis based on a biogeochemical equilibrium model

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(17), P. 4758 - 4774

Published: July 11, 2023

Soil microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a crucial parameter that can be used to evaluate the partitioning of soil (C) between growth and respiration. However, general patterns CUE among terrestrial ecosystems (e.g., farmland, grassland, forest) remain controversial. To address this knowledge gap, data from 41 study sites (n = 197 samples) including 58 farmlands, 95 forests, 44 grasslands were collected analyzed estimate CUEs using biogeochemical equilibrium model. We also evaluated metabolic limitations an enzyme vector model drivers across different ecosystems. The obtained soils forest, grassland significantly with means 0.39, 0.33, 0.42, respectively, illustrating exhibited higher C sequestration potentials (p < .05). Microbial distinct in these ecosystems, limitation was dominant exhibiting strong negative effects on CUE. Exoenzyme stoichiometry played greater role impacting values than elemental within each ecosystem. Specifically, exoenzymatic ratios C:phosphorus (P) acquisition activities (EEAC:P ) ratio C:nitrogen (N) (EEAC:N imparted forest respectively. But farmland soils, EEAC:P positive effects, showing resource constraints could regulate allocation discriminating Furthermore, mean annual temperature (MAT) rather precipitation (MAP) critical climate factor affecting CUE, pH as major remained drive changes This research illustrates conceptual framework provides theoretical evidence improve capacity response global change.

Language: Английский

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A global meta-analysis on the effects of organic and inorganic fertilization on grasslands and croplands

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 22, 2024

Abstract A central role for nature-based solution is to identify optimal management practices address environmental challenges, including carbon sequestration and biodiversity conservation. Inorganic fertilization increases plant aboveground biomass but often causes a tradeoff with diversity loss. It remains unclear, however, whether organic fertilization, as potential solution, could alter this by increasing without Here we compile data from 537 experiments on inorganic across grasslands croplands worldwide evaluate the responses of biomass, diversity, soil (SOC). Both increase 56% 42% relative ambient, respectively. However, only decreases while in greater water content. Moreover, SOC 19% 15% ambient The positive effect mean annual temperature grasslands, pattern not observed croplands. Collectively, our findings highlight that can two ecosystem services forage production, storage,

Language: Английский

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Diversified cropping systems with limited carbon accrual but increased nitrogen supply

Nature Sustainability, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Biogeochemical constraints on climate change mitigation through regenerative farming

Biogeochemistry, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 161(1), P. 9 - 17

Published: June 14, 2022

Language: Английский

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Soil organic carbon stock change following perennialization: a meta-analysis

Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(5)

Published: Aug. 23, 2023

Abstract Perennial crops replacing annual are drawing global attention because they harbor potential for sustainable biomass production and climate change mitigation through soil carbon sequestration. At present, it remains unclear how long perennial can sequester in the stock dynamics influenced by climate, soil, plant properties across globe. This study presents a meta-analysis synthesizing 51 publications (351 observations at 77 sites) distributed over different pedo-climatic conditions to scrutinize effect of perennialization on organic accumulation compared with two benchmark systems (i.e., monoculture crop rotation). Results showed that significantly increased 16.6% 23.1% 0–30 cm depth rotation, respectively. Shortly after establishment (< 5 years), revealed negative impact stock; however, duration (> 10 years) had significant positive 30% 36.4% Compared both systems, regardless their functional photosynthetic types (C 3 , C 4 or -C intermediates) vegetation type (woody herbaceous). Among other factors, pH carbon; textures no impact, possibly due lack from each textural class mixed pedoclimatic effects. also time sigmoidal increase until about 20 years; thereafter, stocks advanced towards steady-state level. In conclusion, systems; since conversion system decisively impacted changes.

Language: Английский

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