Reconstruction of neocortex: Organelles, compartments, cells, circuits, and activity

Cell, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 185(6), P. 1082 - 1100.e24

Published: Feb. 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Microglial morphometric analysis: so many options, so little consistency

Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Quantification of microglial activation through morphometric analysis has long been a staple the neuroimmunologist’s toolkit. Microglial morphological phenomics can be conducted either manual classification or constructing digital skeleton and extracting data from it. Multiple open-access paid software packages are available to generate these skeletons via semi-automated and/or fully automated methods with varying degrees accuracy. Despite advancements in morphometrics (quantitative measures cellular morphology), there limited development tools analyze datasets they generate, particular those containing parameters tens thousands cells analyzed by pipelines. In this review, we compare critique approaches using cluster machine learning driven predictive algorithms that have developed tackle large datasets, propose improvements for methods. particular, highlight need commitment open science groups developing classifiers. Furthermore, call attention communication between strong engineering/computer background neuroimmunologists produce effective analytical simplified operability if see their wide-spread adoption glia biology community.

Language: Английский

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Multiphoton fluorescence microscopy for in vivo imaging

Cell, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187(17), P. 4458 - 4487

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Structure and function of axo-axonic inhibition

eLife, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Inhibitory neurons in mammalian cortex exhibit diverse physiological, morphological, molecular, and connectivity signatures. While considerable work has measured the average of several interneuron classes, there remains a fundamental lack understanding distribution distinct inhibitory cell types with synaptic resolution, how it relates to properties target cells, affects function. Here, we used large-scale electron microscopy functional imaging address these questions for chandelier cells layer 2/3 mouse visual cortex. With dense reconstructions from microscopy, mapped complete input onto 153 pyramidal neurons. We found that synapse number is highly variable across population correlated structural features neuron. This variability axo-axonic ChC synapses higher than seen perisomatic inhibition. Biophysical simulations show observed pattern inhibition particularly effective controlling excitatory output when excitation are co-active. Finally, activity awake animals using cell-type-specific calcium approach saw cells. In same experiments, vivo pupil dilation, proxy arousal. Together, results suggest provide circuit-wide signal whose strength adjusted relative

Language: Английский

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Oligodendrocyte precursor cells sculpt the visual system by regulating axonal remodeling

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 280 - 284

Published: March 1, 2022

Abstract Many oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) do not differentiate to form myelin, suggesting additional roles of this cell population. The zebrafish optic tectum contains OPCs in regions devoid myelin. Elimination these impaired precise control retinal ganglion axon arbor size during formation and maturation retinotectal connectivity degraded functional processing visual stimuli. Therefore, fine-tune neural circuits independently their canonical role make

Language: Английский

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Development of myelinating glia: An overview

Glia, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 70(12), P. 2237 - 2259

Published: July 4, 2022

Myelin is essential to nervous system function, playing roles in saltatory conduction and trophic support. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) Schwann cells (SCs) form myelin the central peripheral systems respectively follow different developmental paths. OLs are neural stem-cell derived an intrinsic program resulting a largely irreversible differentiation state. During embryonic development, OL precursor (OPCs) produced distinct waves originating from locations system, with subset developing into myelinating OLs. OPCs remain evenly distributed throughout life, providing population of responsive, multifunctional capacity remyelinate after injury. SCs derive crest, highly dependent on extrinsic signals, have plastic states. SC precursors (SCPs) early nerve structures differentiate multipotent immature (iSCs), which initiate radial sorting non-myelinating SCs. Differentiated retain radically change phenotypes response external including becoming repair SCs, drive regeneration. While several transcription factors components common between their mechanisms distinct, owing unique lineages respective environments. In addition, both respond neuronal activity regulate output reciprocal manners, possibly through pathways. Here, we outline basic programs, regulating differentiation, recent advances field.

Language: Английский

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Emerging roles of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in neural circuit development and remodeling

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(8), P. 628 - 639

Published: June 5, 2023

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are non-neuronal brain that give rise to oligodendrocytes, glia myelinate the axons of neurons in brain. Classically known for their contributions myelination via oligodendrogenesis, OPCs increasingly appreciated play diverse roles nervous system, ranging from blood vessel formation antigen presentation. Here, we review emerging literature suggesting may be essential establishment and remodeling neural circuits developing adult mechanisms distinct production oligodendrocytes. We discuss specialized features position these integrate activity-dependent molecular cues shape wiring. Finally, place within context a growing field focused on understanding importance communication between contexts both health disease.

Language: Английский

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Pathological potential of oligodendrocyte precursor cells: terra incognita

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 46(7), P. 581 - 596

Published: May 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Molecular features driving cellular complexity of human brain evolution

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 620(7972), P. 145 - 153

Published: July 19, 2023

Language: Английский

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Myelination-independent functions of oligodendrocyte precursor cells in health and disease

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 1663 - 1669

Published: Aug. 31, 2023

Language: Английский

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