bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 12, 2024
Abstract
The
use
of
hybrid
breeding
systems
to
increase
crop
yields
has
been
the
cornerstone
modern
agriculture
and
is
exemplified
in
improvement
cultivated
sunflower
(
Helianthus
annuus)
.
However,
it
poorly
understood
what
effect
supporting
separate
pools
such
systems,
combined
with
continued
selection
for
yield,
may
have
on
leaf
ecophysiology
specialized
metabolite
variation.
Here,
we
analyze
288
H.
annuus
lines
examine
genomic
basis
several
metabolites
agronomically
important
traits
across
major
heterotic
groups.
Heterotic
group
identity
supports
phenotypic
divergences
between
fertility
restoring
cytoplasmic
male-sterility
maintainer
metabolism.
divergence
not
associated
physical
linkage
nuclear
genes
that
support
current
Further,
identified
four
regions
variation
metabolism
co-localize
previously
QTLs
quantitative
self-compatibility
SPH-proteins,
a
recently
discovered
family
proteins
self-incompatibility
self/nonself
recognition
Papaver
rhoeas
(common
poppy)
suggested
conserved
downstream
mechanisms
among
eudicots.
Self-compatibility
derived
trait
selfing
success,
suggesting
divergent
partially
arisen
as
potential
unintended
consequence
historical
practices.
Further
work
necessary
confirm
their
relationship
integrative
polygenic
architecture
sunflower.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(14)
Published: March 27, 2023
Crop
wild
relatives
represent
valuable
sources
of
alleles
for
crop
improvement,
including
adaptation
to
climate
change
and
emerging
diseases.
However,
introgressions
from
might
have
deleterious
effects
on
desirable
traits,
yield,
due
linkage
drag.
Here,
we
analyzed
the
genomic
phenotypic
impacts
in
inbred
lines
cultivated
sunflower
estimate
First,
generated
reference
sequences
seven
one
genotype,
as
well
improved
assemblies
two
additional
cultivars.
Next,
relying
previously
donor
species,
identified
sequences,
sequence
structural
variants
they
contain.
We
then
used
a
ridge-regression
best
linear
unbiased
prediction
(BLUP)
model
test
traits
association
mapping
population.
found
that
introgression
has
introduced
substantial
variation
into
gene
pool,
>3,000
new
genes.
While
reduced
genetic
load
at
protein-coding
mostly
had
negative
yield
quality
traits.
Introgressions
high
frequency
pool
larger
than
low-frequency
introgressions,
suggesting
former
likely
were
targeted
by
artificial
selection.
Also,
more
distantly
related
species
be
maladaptive
those
progenitor
sunflower.
Thus,
breeding
efforts
should
focus,
far
possible,
closely
fully
compatible
relatives.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(14)
Published: March 27, 2023
Microbial
communities
are
found
throughout
the
biosphere,
from
human
guts
to
glaciers,
soil
activated
sludge.
Understanding
statistical
properties
of
such
diverse
can
pave
way
elucidate
common
mechanisms
...Multiple
ecological
forces
act
together
shape
composition
microbial
communities.
Phyloecology
approaches—which
combine
phylogenetic
relationships
between
species
with
community
ecology—have
potential
disentangle
but
often
...
PLoS Biology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
21(7), P. e3002235 - e3002235
Published: July 13, 2023
Crop
production
is
becoming
an
increasing
challenge
as
the
global
population
grows
and
climate
changes.
Modern
cultivated
crop
species
are
selected
for
productivity
under
optimal
growth
environments
have
often
lost
genetic
variants
that
could
allow
them
to
adapt
diverse,
now
rapidly
changing,
environments.
These
present
in
their
closest
wild
relatives,
but
so
less
desirable
traits.
How
preserve
effectively
utilize
rich
resources
relatives
offer
while
avoiding
detrimental
maladaptive
contributions
a
central
ongoing
improvement.
This
Essay
explores
this
potential
paths
lead
solution.
Frontiers in Bioscience-Elite,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(1), P. 2 - 2
Published: Jan. 31, 2024
Wheat
(Triticum
spp
and,
particularly,
T.
aestivum
L.)
is
an
essential
cereal
with
increased
human
and
animal
nutritional
demand.
Therefore,
there
a
need
to
enhance
wheat
yield
genetic
gain
using
modern
breeding
technologies
alongside
proven
methods
achieve
the
necessary
increases
in
productivity.
These
will
allow
breeders
develop
improved
cultivars
more
quickly
efficiently.
This
review
aims
highlight
emerging
technological
trends
used
worldwide
breeding,
focus
on
enhancing
yield.
The
key
for
introducing
variation
(hybridization
among
species,
synthetic
wheat,
hybridization;
genetically
modified
wheat;
transgenic
gene-edited),
inbreeding
(double
haploid
(DH)
speed
(SB)),
selection
evaluation
(marker-assisted
(MAS),
genomic
(GS),
machine
learning
(ML))
hybrid
are
discussed
current
opportunities
development
of
future
cultivars.
Scientific Data,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12(1)
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
The
sunflower
(Helianthus
annuus
L.),
belonging
to
the
Asteraceae
family,
is
world's
fourth
most
important
oil
crop.
Sunflower
cultivars
are
categorized
into
oilseed
and
confectionery
types.
Here,
we
present
chromosome-level
genome
assemblies
of
two
Chinese
cultivars-oilseed
confectionery-using
PacBio
HiFi
Hi-C
sequencing.
cultivar,
OXS,
has
a
assembly
spanning
3.03
Gb
with
99.58%
sequences
anchored
17
chromosomes
contig
N50
length
154.78
Mb.
first
published
cultivar
genome,
YDS,
mirrors
this
closely
3.02
assembly,
153.87
Mb
99.40%
mapped
similarly.
Gene
completeness
reached
98.2%
for
OXS
98.4%
LTR
Assembly
Index
scores
24.73
25.85,
respectively.
Comparative
genomics
identified
rapidly
evolving
gene
families
linked
synthesis,
growth,
stress
defense.
Additionally,
found
high
collinearity
between
YDS
genomes,
despite
three
significant
inversions,
detected
15,056
large
deletions
insertions.
These
findings
lay
robust
foundation
advanced
genomic
research
breeding
innovations
in
sunflowers.
