Viruses,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 148 - 148
Published: Jan. 3, 2023
The
continuously
expanding
distribution
of
sand
flies,
proven
vectors
Leishmania
and
several
phleboviruses,
is
a
growing
public
health
issue
in
Europe.
Especially
Italy,
visceral
leishmaniasis
(VL)
occurring
with
increasing
incidence
northward,
previously
non-endemic
provinces.
Around
the
globe,
disease
elimination
efforts
largely
focus
on
fly
vector
insecticidal
control,
often
leading
to
development
resistance.
In
Emilia-Romagna
(ER),
northern
insecticides
are
heavily
applied
for
agricultural
mosquito
but
not
specifically
against
flies.
Here,
we
investigated
species
composition
certain
environmental
settings
ER
provinces
monitored
presence
pyrethroid
resistance
mutations
pathogen
circulation.
Phlebotomus
perfiliewi,
dominant
infantum,
was
detected
almost
exclusively
region.
No
voltage-gated
sodium
channel
gene,
e.g.,
knock-down
I1011M,
L1014F/S,
V1016G,
or
F1020S,
were
recorded.
Pathogen
monitoring
revealed
that
40%
tested
pools
positive
Leishmania,
while
Toscana
Fermo
phleboviruses
also
observed
much
lower
frequencies
(≤3%
pools).
Regular
epidemiological
entomological
monitoring,
alongside
surveillance,
highly
recommended
ensure
sustainability
efficiency
control
interventions.
Annual Review of Entomology,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
69(1), P. 551 - 576
Published: Oct. 12, 2023
Bees
are
essential
pollinators
of
many
crops
and
wild
plants,
pesticide
exposure
is
one
the
key
environmental
stressors
affecting
their
health
in
anthropogenically
modified
landscapes.
Until
recently,
almost
all
information
on
routes
impacts
came
from
honey
bees,
at
least
partially
because
they
were
only
model
species
required
for
risk
assessments
(ERAs)
insect
pollinators.
Recently,
there
has
been
a
surge
research
activity
focusing
effects
non-
Apis
including
other
social
bees
(bumble
stingless
bees)
solitary
bees.
These
taxa
vary
substantially
another
several
important
ecological
traits,
spatial
temporal
patterns,
foraging
nesting
requirements,
degree
sociality.
In
this
article,
we
review
current
evidence
base
about
pathways
consequences
We
find
that
insights
into
bee
resulting
across
biological
organizations,
landscapes,
mixtures,
multiple
still
infancy.
The
good
news
promising
approaches
could
be
used
to
advance
our
understanding,
with
priority
given
informing
pathways,
extrapolating
effects,
determining
how
well
(limited
very
few
mostly
neonicotinoid
insecticides
under
unrealistic
conditions)
can
generalized
diversity
lifestyles
global
community.
conclude
future
expand
knowledge
would
also
beneficial
ERAs
wider
policy
decisions
concerning
pollinator
conservation
regulation.
Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 32
Published: March 24, 2025
Field
studies
involve
combinations
of
exposure,
natural
dynamics,
and
effects
in
agricultural
environments.
To
be
more
realistic,
field
focussed
on
pollinating
insects
must
consider
the
details
biology,
life
history,
behavior,
pollination
ecology
test
species.
While
expensive
time-consuming,
these
tests
provide
most
realistic
information,
especially
for
social
insects,
but
are
valuable
solitary
bee
species
as
well.
They
than
laboratory
because
they
determine
combined
stressors
including
weather,
food
availability,
parasites,
pathogens
with
anthropogenic
stressors,
such
pesticide
treatment
itself,
within
agroecosystem
landscapes.
Twenty-four
conducted
bees
to
support
registration
sulfoxaflor
published
work
included,
a
standardized
rating
system
quality
relevance
was
used.
The
included
Apis
mellifera
L.
Bombus
terrestris
Osmia
bicornis
results
show
that,
when
SFX
products
applied
at
highest
labeled
application
rate
actively
foraging
or
fed
syrup
equivalent
rates,
minor
temporary.
Sublethal
lethargy,
disorientation,
reduced
body
mass
emergence.
No
new
modes
action
no
treatment-related
brood
rearing
were
found.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
120(37)
Published: Sept. 5, 2023
Here,
we
provide
mechanistic
support
for
the
involvement
of
CYP9A
subfamily
cytochrome
P450
monooxygenases
in
detoxification
host
plant
defense
compounds
and
chemical
insecticides
Spodoptera
exigua
frugiperda
.
Our
comparative
genomics
shows
that
a
large
cluster
genes
occurs
two
species
but
with
significant
differences
its
contents,
including
several
species-specific
duplicates
substantial
sequence
divergence,
both
between
orthologs
duplicates.
Bioassays
CRISPR-Cas9
knockouts
clusters
show
that,
collectively,
CYP9As
can
detoxify
furanocoumarin
(imperatorin
xanthotoxin)
representing
three
different
chemotypes
(pyrethroids,
avermectins,
oxadiazines).
However,
vitro
metabolic
assays
heterologously
expressed
products
individual
particular
activities
against
these
compounds.
We
also
find
tight
genetic
linkage
high
levels
pyrethroid
resistance
field
strains
species.
propose
their
divergent
amplifications
have
not
only
contributed
to
development
broad
ranges
over
long
evolutionary
timeframes
supplied
them
diverse
options
evolving
very
recent
past.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
915, P. 170174 - 170174
Published: Jan. 19, 2024
Bees
carry
out
vital
ecosystem
services
by
pollinating
both
wild
and
economically
important
crop
plants.
However,
while
performing
this
function,
bee
pollinators
may
encounter
potentially
harmful
xenobiotics
in
the
environment
such
as
pesticides
(fungicides,
herbicides
insecticides).
Understanding
key
factors
that
influence
toxicological
outcomes
of
exposure
to
these
chemicals,
isolation
or
combination,
is
essential
safeguard
their
health
they
provide.
In
regard,
recent
work
using
toxicogenomic
phylogenetic
approaches
has
begun
identify,
at
molecular
level,
determinants
pesticide
sensitivity
pollinators.
These
include
detoxification
systems
convert
less
toxic
forms
residues
insecticide
target-sites
underlie
species-specific
selectivity.
Here
we
review
emerging
body
research
summarise
state
knowledge
We
identify
gaps
our
for
future
examine
how
an
understanding
genetic
basis
can
be
leveraged
to,
a)
predict
avoid
negative
bee-pesticide
interactions
facilitate
development
pest-selective
bee-safe
insecticides,
b)
inform
traditional
effect
assessment
risk
address
issues
ecotoxicological
concern.
Molecular Ecology Resources,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
ABSTRACT
Insects,
the
most
numerous
and
diverse
group
of
animal
species
on
Earth,
have
important
interactions
with
humans
through
providing
resources,
transmitting
diseases
damaging
agricultural
cultivars.
Cytochrome
P450
monooxygenases
(P450s)
are
one
protein
families
in
insects
implicated
endogenous
metabolism
detoxification
xenobiotics,
including
allelochemicals,
insecticides
environmental
pollutants.
To
better
understand
evolution
function
insect
P450s
support
development
application
for
pest
control,
an
integrated
bioinformatics
platform
is
highly
desirable.
Here,
we
present
Insect
database
(ICPD,
http://www.insectp450.net/
),
which
contains
66,477
collected
from
public
databases
predicted
genomes
682
using
a
standardised
protocol.
Phylogenetic
relationships
between
genes
constructed
each
species.
The
structures
all
proteins
ESMFold,
then
visualised
WeView.
Web
services,
such
as
BLAST,
homogeneous
modelling
molecular
docking,
provided
determining
catalytic
activities
proteins.
ICPD
will
facilitate
systematic
investigations
functions
complete
complement,
represents
powerful
tool
guiding
insecticide
design
application.
Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
292(2042)
Published: March 1, 2025
Pesticides
and
pathogens
are
major
drivers
of
bee
declines.
However,
their
potential
interactions
poorly
understood,
especially
for
non-Apis
bees.
This
study
assessed
the
combined
effects
infestation
by
honeybee
pathogen
Vairimorpha
ceranae
chronic
exposure
to
insecticide
flupyradifurone
on
Osmia
bicornis
Apis
mellifera.
We
investigated
whether
V.
could
reproduce
in
a
new
solitary
host
(O.
bicornis)
sublethal
lethal
pesticide,
alone
combination.
also
analysed
interactive
proliferation
survival
two
species.
Newly
emerged
bees
were
orally
infected
with
100
000
spores
then
exposed
ad
libitum
at
field-realistic
concentrations.
showed,
first
time
our
knowledge,
that
can
replicate
midgut
O.
bicornis,
causing
histological
damage,
impaired
phototactic
response,
reduced
food
consumption
decreased
longevity.
The
pathogen-pesticide
combination
caused
synergistic
effect
leading
an
abrupt
decline.
In
A.
mellifera,
showed
antagonistic
effects,
but
pesticide
promoted
proliferation.
Our
results
warn
against
spillover
multiple
stressor
