Evolutionary and developmental specialization of foveal cell types in the marmoset

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(16)

Published: April 10, 2024

In primates, high-acuity vision is mediated by the fovea, a small specialized central region of retina. The unique to anthropoid lineage among mammals, undergoes notable neuronal morphological changes during postnatal maturation. However, extent cellular similarity across foveas and molecular underpinnings foveal maturation remain unclear. Here, we used high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing profile retinal cells common marmoset (

Language: Английский

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Electroretinographic responses to periodic stimuli in primates and the relevance for visual perception and for clinical studies

Visual Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 41

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Currently, electroretinograms (ERGs) are mainly recorded while using flashes as stimuli. In this review, we will argue that strong not ideal for studying visual information processing. ERG responses to periodic stimuli may be more strongly associated with the activity of post-receptoral neurons (belonging different retino-geniculate pathways) and, therefore, relevant perception. We also use an attractive addition clinically available retinal electrophysiological methods.

Language: Английский

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Cone-Opponent Ganglion Cells in the Primate Fovea Tuned to Non-Cardinal Color Directions

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e1738232024 - e1738232024

Published: March 28, 2024

A long-standing question in vision science is how the three cone photoreceptor types – long (L), medium (M) and short (S) wavelength sensitive combine to generate our perception of color. Hue can be described along two opponent axes: red-green blue-yellow. Psychophysical measurements color appearance indicate that inputs blue-yellow axes are M vs. L+S L M+S, respectively. However, “cardinal directions space” revealed by psychophysical detection thresholds following adaptation S L+M. These cardinal match most common cone-opponent retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) primate retina. Accordingly, opponency necessary for thought established cortex. small populations with appropriate M+S cone-opponency have been reported large surveys RGCs their projections lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), yet existence continues debated. Resolving this open because a complete account output critical efforts understand downstream neural circuits process Here, we performed adaptive optics calcium imaging longitudinally, noninvasively measure foveal RGC light responses living macaque ( Macaca fascicularis ) eye. We confirm presence neurons non-cardinal demonstrate signals more diverse than classically thought. Significance Statement Retinal provide only source visual information brain thus make up building blocks processing. compare photoreceptors understanding vision. The establish directions” space explain detection, but not appearance. identified matching signed red, green, blue yellow. While correlation does imply causation, it opens new processing Our results spectral

Language: Английский

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Unique yellow shifts for small and brief stimuli in the central retina

Journal of Vision, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(6), P. 2 - 2

Published: June 4, 2024

The spectral locus of unique yellow was determined for flashes different sizes (<11 arcmin) and durations (<500 ms) presented in near the fovea. An adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope used to minimize effects higher-order aberrations during simultaneous stimulus delivery retinal imaging. In certain subjects, parafoveal cones were classified as L, M, or S, which permitted comparison measurements with variations local L/M ratios within between observers. Unique shifted longer wavelengths size duration reduced. This effect is most pronounced changes more apparent fovea than parafovea. observed are not entirely predicted from ratio therefore implicate neural processes beyond photoreception.

Language: Английский

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A circuit motif for color in the human foveal retina

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(36)

Published: Aug. 27, 2024

The neural pathways that start human color vision begin in the complex synaptic network of foveal retina where signals originating long (L), middle (M), and short (S) wavelength-sensitive cone photoreceptor types are compared through antagonistic interactions, referred to as opponency. In nonhuman primates, two opponent well established: an L vs. M circuit linked midget ganglion cell type, often called red-green pathway, S + small bistratified blue-yellow pathway. These have been taken correspond cardinal directions a trichromatic space, providing parallel inputs higher-level processing. Yet linking opponency primate mechanisms has proven particularly difficult. Here, we apply connectomic reconstruction trace excitatory outputs from S-ON (or “blue-cone”) bipolar additional types: large subpopulation ON-midget cells, whose connections suggest significant unique role vision. postsynaptic both cells thus define merge circuits, with potential for at first stage

Language: Английский

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Retinal Connectomics: A Review

Annual Review of Vision Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(1), P. 263 - 291

Published: Sept. 15, 2024

The retina is an ideal model for understanding the fundamental rules how neural networks are constructed. compact of perform all initial processing visual information before transmission to higher centers in brain. field retinal connectomics uses high-resolution electron microscopy datasets map intricate organization these and further our computations performed by revealing topologies allowable behind computations. In this article, we review some notable advances that has provided specific cells their connectivities within retina, as well shaped development break down disease. Using anatomical maps inform modeling been, will continue be, instrumental processes signals.

Language: Английский

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Cortical processing of color: Chromatic visual evoked potentials

Vision Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 229, P. 108564 - 108564

Published: March 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Genetic and epigenetic control of photoreceptor development

Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Losing, preserving, and restoring vision from neurodegeneration in the eye

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(19), P. R1019 - R1036

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Neuronal composition of processing modules in human V1: laminar density for neuronal and non-neuronal populations and a comparison with macaque

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 34(2)

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Abstract The neuronal composition of homologous brain regions in different primates is important for understanding their processing capacities. Primary visual cortex (V1) has been widely studied members the catarrhines. Neuronal density considered to be central defining structure–function relationship. In human, there are large variations reported from prior studies. We found human V1 was 79,000 neurons/mm3, which 35% previously determined macaque V1. Laminar proportionally similar between and macaque. V1, ocular dominance column (ODC) contains circuits emergence orientation preference spatial a point image many mammalian species. Analysis total neurons an ODC full number macular vision (the 15°) indicates that humans have 1.2× more than macaques even though 3× propose functional unit rather under mm2 appropriate cortical comparisons across

Language: Английский

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