How Fungi Biosynthesize 3-Nitropropanoic Acid: the Simplest yet Lethal Mycotoxin DOI Creative Commons

Colin W. Johnson,

M. Ohashi,

Yi Tang

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract We uncovered the biosynthetic pathway of lethal mycotoxin 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA) from koji mold Aspergillus oryzae through genome mining, genetic inactivation and biochemical characterization. The gene cluster (BGC) 3-NPA, which encodes an amine oxidase a decarboxylase, is conserved in many fungi used food processing, although most strains have not been reported to produce 3-NPA. Our discovery will lead efforts that improve safety profiles these indispensable microorganisms making food, alcoholic beverages, seasoning.

Language: Английский

Fungal evasion of Drosophila immunity involves blocking the cathepsin-mediated cleavage maturation of the danger-sensing protease DOI Creative Commons
Guirong Tang, Shuangxiu Song, Junmei Shang

et al.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 122(3)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Entomopathogenic fungi play a critical role in regulating insect populations, and representative species from the Metarhizium Beauveria genera have been developed as eco-friendly biocontrol agents for managing agricultural pests. Relative to advances understanding antifungal immune responses Drosophila , knowledge of how evade defenses remains limited. In this study, we report identification characterization virulence-required effector Fkp1 robertsii . Library screening protein pull-down analysis unveiled that targets cathepsin protease CtsK1 inhibit its cleavage maturation danger-sensing serine Persephone (Psh), thereby facilitating fungal evasion defenses. The -like gene is also required bassiana infection. Transgenic expression suppressed hemolymph cysteine activity down-regulated genes. can mask Psh site without interfering with ability bait subtilisin proteases. Given evident compensatory relationship, our data indicate cascade more crucial than molecular pattern pathway defending flies against infections. This work reveals evolved distinct effectors block dual recognition pathways sheds lights on mechanisms mediating microbe–animal interactions.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
From phyllosphere to insect cuticles: silkworms gather antifungal bacteria from mulberry leaves to battle fungal parasite attacks DOI Creative Commons
Pengfei Zhao, Hong Song, Yuekun Li

et al.

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Abstract Background Bacterial transfers from plants to insect herbivore guts have been well investigated. However, bacterial exchanges between plant phyllospheres and cuticles remain unclear, as does their related biological function. Results Here, we report that the cuticular loads of silkworm larvae quickly increased after molting feeding on white mulberry ( Morus alba ) leaves. The isolation examination bacteria identified one bacterium Mammaliicoccus sciuri could completely inhibit spore germination fungal entomopathogens Metarhizium robertsii Beauveria bassiana . Interestingly, Ma. was evident originally leaves, which produce a secreted chitinolytic lysozyme (termed Msp1) damage cell walls. In consistency, deletion Msp1 substantially impaired antifungal activity. Pretreating with cells followed by topical infections revealed this help defend silkworms against infections. Unsurprisingly, protective efficacy Δ considerably reduced when compared wild-type bacterium. Administration bacterium-treated diets had no negative effect development; instead, supplementation protect artificial diet Aspergillus contamination. Conclusions results study evidence cross-kingdom transfer can insects parasite attacks.

Language: Английский

Citations

9
How Fungi Biosynthesize 3-Nitropropanoic Acid: The Simplest yet Lethal Mycotoxin DOI

Colin W. Johnson,

M. Ohashi, Yi Tang

et al.

Organic Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 26(15), P. 3158 - 3163

Published: April 8, 2024

We uncovered the biosynthetic pathway of lethal mycotoxin 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA) from koji mold Aspergillus oryzae. The gene cluster (BGC) 3-NPA, which encodes an amine oxidase and a decarboxylase, is conserved in many fungi used food processing, although most strains have not been reported to produce 3-NPA. Our discovery will lead efforts that improve safety profiles these indispensable microorganisms making food, alcoholic beverages, seasoning.

Language: Английский

Citations

6
How Fungi Biosynthesize 3-Nitropropanoic Acid: the Simplest yet Lethal Mycotoxin DOI Creative Commons

Colin W. Johnson,

M. Ohashi,

Yi Tang

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

Abstract We uncovered the biosynthetic pathway of lethal mycotoxin 3-nitropropanoic acid (3-NPA) from koji mold Aspergillus oryzae through genome mining, genetic inactivation and biochemical characterization. The gene cluster (BGC) 3-NPA, which encodes an amine oxidase a decarboxylase, is conserved in many fungi used food processing, although most strains have not been reported to produce 3-NPA. Our discovery will lead efforts that improve safety profiles these indispensable microorganisms making food, alcoholic beverages, seasoning.

Language: Английский

Citations

0