The “Gateway” hypothesis: evaluation of evidence and alternative explanations

Harm Reduction Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: June 7, 2024

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) offer a substantial harm reduction opportunity for adults who smoke and are unlikely to quit. However, major concern about ENDS is their use by non-smoking youth, particularly whether acting as "gateway" that leads youth later start smoking cigarettes. evidence the gateway hypothesis can be interpreted in alternative ways, e.g. have certain characteristics were already predisposed both cigarettes ("common liability" explanation).

Language: Английский

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E‐cigarette use among gender and sexuality diverse (LGBTQA+) adolescents in Australia: The case for LGBTQA+ affirmative harm reduction

Drug and Alcohol Review, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 18, 2025

This study aimed to provide a first-ever comprehensive epidemiology of vaping behaviours among Australian gender and sexuality diverse (LGBTQA+) youth. Using cross-sectional data from the Health4Life study, (N = 4,445 students, Mage 15.7yrs), descriptive statistics hierarchical mixed effects logistic regression models with nested random intercepts were used calculate prevalence differences in by (trans [n 142] vs. cisgender 4,144]) (gay or lesbian 77], bisexual 279], questioning 167], queer 90] heterosexual 3,638]), associations use cigarettes alcohol (including binge drinking), depression, anxiety. Over one-third trans adolescents had ever tried vaping. Trans significantly more likely report vaping, daily intention vape future, compared their peers, irrespective age, socio-economic status, school. Relative gay/lesbian nearly three times as current regular intentions future. Among LGBTQA+ adolescents, using was associated increased odds cigarettes, drinking, drinking alone, probable depressive/anxiety disorders. Vaping is common especially cisgender, peers. Government health education bodies should partner community organisations address unique contexts young people an affirmative harm reduction manner.

Language: Английский

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Blunt smoking during emerging adulthood: Characterizing transitions in cannabis and cigar co-use among a diverse cohort in Texas

Addictive Behaviors, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 156, P. 108062 - 108062

Published: May 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Multiple Health Risk Behaviors Among Psychological Distressed Middle School Students Residing in the Southern United States

Psychological Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: May 2, 2025

Background: During adolescence, alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use is often initiated may become an established pattern of behavior. These behaviors result in substance abuse be used as a coping mechanism for dealing with psychological distress. Less known about risk factors such weight status, physical activity, screen-time, diet on mental health among middle school students. Therefore, the purpose this study was to assess relationship between early ATOD distressed students residing southern U.S. Methods: Data were derived from 2021 Youth Risk Behavior Survey - Middle School edition (YRBS-MS). Chi-square analysis describe prevalence self-reported distress use, diet. Logistic regression conducted estimate association controlling sex, race, grade school. Results: Students who reported significantly more likely have alcohol (OR = 1.67, p .006), electronic vape products 1.45, .05), prescription pain medication without 3.93), .001. Additionally, those report being overweight 1.75, .001), not meeting screen time recommendations 1.97, inadequate consumption breakfast 1.83, .001). Females Conclusions: This research highlights need targeting both concurrently prevention programs

Language: Английский

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Efficacy of Sertraline Combined with Agomelatine in the Treatment of Depression and its Influence on Cognitive Function

Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 86(S2)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of sertraline combined with agomelatine in treatment mild to moderate depression and its impact on cognitive function. A retrospective analysis was made considering 90 individuals depression. According actual medication, they were divided into research group control group, 45 each group. Both groups given sertraline, a combination along for 6 w. The clinical effects, positive negative symptom scores, sleep quality index function scores adverse drug events compared between two groups. After effect better than that (p<0.05). score, lower those score higher There no significant difference (p>0.05). Compared use alone, has effects depression, helping relieve individuals' depressive symptoms, quality, function, safety is high.

Language: Английский

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A Comparison of Mental Health Symptoms among Adults Who Vape Nicotine, Cannabis, or Both

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 59(4), P. 601 - 607

Published: Dec. 19, 2023

Dual use of combustible cannabis and nicotine is related to worse mental health symptoms (MHS); however, little known about MHS among those who vape nicotine. The current study aimed determine if dual vapes associated with compared single identify correlates for users.

Language: Английский

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Psychological Distress and Cannabis Vaping Among U.S. Adolescents

American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 66(3), P. 534 - 539

Published: Oct. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Immigration status-related exclusive e-cigarette use and cannabis use and their dual use disparities associated with mental health disorder symptoms

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 111083 - 111083

Published: Jan. 6, 2024

E-cigarette and cannabis use has been linked to various health risks, including respiratory cardiovascular conditions. Yet, extant knowledge about the risk factors for exclusive dual of e-cigarettes is limited, especially among immigrants. We examined e-cigarette their associated with mental disorders immigrants U.S.-born.

Language: Английский

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Effectiveness of Contingency Management in Tobacco Smokers with Depressive Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Substance Use & Misuse, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 59(5), P. 792 - 804

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Background: Effective interventions are required to address tobacco smoking in people with depressive symptomatology. In this context, contingency management could be one useful therapeutic strategy. Objectives: This study is a systematic review of cessation for smokers symptomatology including component, evaluating their efficacy regards abstinence, symptomatology, adherence treatment and other variables related use. For purpose, search was carried out Pubmed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web Science ClinicalTrials.gov September 2022. The quality the studies assessed using Cochrane Risk Bias tool. Results: Of 208 articles identified, six were included review. most part, research suggests that an effective strategy improving abstinence outcomes, adherence, smoking-related such as delay discounting intensity cigarette demand Conclusions: Although promising intervention further area still required.

Language: Английский

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The “Gateway” Hypothesis: Evaluation of Evidence and Alternate Explanations

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

Background: Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) offer a substantial harm reduction opportunity for adults who smoke and are unlikely to quit in the near term. However, major concern about ENDS is their use by non-smoking youth, particularly whether acting as “gateway” that leads youth later start smoking cigarettes. evidence gateway hypothesis can be interpreted alternate ways, e.g. have certain characteristics were already predisposed both cigarettes (“common liability” explanation). Aims: This Perspective provides an evaluation of accessible lay audience. paper first reviews evaluates supporting hypothesis. Important explanations (i.e., common liability) discussed, different types population-level trends) help differentiate between these competing explanations. Overview: The provided support finding more likely also this suffers from important flaw: studies fail fully account some youths’ pre-existing tendency tobacco products, inappropriately interpret results causing smoke. Common liability suggest does not, itself, directly cause cigarettes, beyond tobacco. Population-level trends show cigarette declined faster after became common, which contradicts central prediction (i.e. would following uptake, than what otherwise expected). Conclusion: Evidence offered not establish causes Instead, better resulting inconsistent with hypothesis, instead consistent possibly displacing among had though research needed diversion

Language: Английский

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