Ultrastructural Pathology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 19
Published: Nov. 17, 2024
Cell
death
is
an
important
process
that
supports
morphogenesis
during
development
and
tissue
homeostasis
adult
life
by
removing
damaged
or
unwanted
cells
its
dysregulation
associated
with
numerous
disease
states.
There
are
different
pathways
through
which
a
cell
can
undergo
death,
each
relying
on
peculiar
molecular
mechanisms
morpho-ultrastructural
features.
To
date,
however,
while
genetic
approaches
have
been
successfully
integrated
into
the
field,
studies
rarely
incorporate
ultrastructural
data
from
electron
microscopy.
This
review
article
reports
gallery
of
original
transmission
microscopy
images
to
describe
features
undergoing
types
programs,
including
necrosis,
apoptosis,
autophagy,
mitotic
catastrophe,
ferroptosis,
methuosis,
paraptosis.
TEM
has
technology
in
biology
for
well
over
50
years
still
continues
offer
significant
advantages
area
research.
allows
detailed
characterization
changes
within
cell,
such
as
alteration
organelles
subcellular
structures,
nuclear
reorganization,
loss
membrane
integrity
enable
distinction
between
forms
based
morphological
criteria.
Possible
pitfalls
also
described.
Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Jan. 22, 2025
Parkinson’s
disease
is
a
progressive
neurodegenerative
that
destroys
substantia
nigra
dopaminergic
neurons,
causing
tremors,
bradykinesia,
rigidity,
and
postural
instability.
Current
treatment
approaches
primarily
focus
on
symptom
management,
employing
pharmacological,
non-pharmacological,
surgical
methods.
However,
these
treatments
often
result
in
fluctuating
symptoms,
side
effects,
progression.
Here,
the
authors
have
reviewed
emerging
field
of
nanomedicine
as
promising
path
for
treatment,
emphasizing
its
potential
to
overcome
limitations
traditional
therapies.
Nanomedicine
utilizes
nanoparticles
targeted
drug
delivery,
leveraging
their
small
size
high
surface
area
volume
ratio
cross
blood-brain
barrier
deliver
therapeutic
agents
directly
affected
brain
regions.
Various
nanoparticles,
including
lipid-based,
polymeric,
metallic,
carbon-based,
shown
treatment.
Additionally,
nanocarrier
systems
like
liposomes,
nanogels,
dendrimers,
solid
lipid
offer
controlled
sustained
release
agents,
enhancing
bioavailability
reducing
effects.
This
review
provides
insights
into
pathophysiology
disease,
highlighting
mechanisms
neurodegeneration,
role
alpha-synuclein,
disruption
pathways.
It
further
discusses
application
gene
therapy
conjunction
with
interventions.
Cells,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14(7), P. 511 - 511
Published: March 29, 2025
Oxidative
stress
(OS)
is
an
established
hallmark
of
cancer
and
neurodegenerative
disorders
(NDDs),
which
contributes
to
genomic
instability
neuronal
loss.
This
review
explores
the
contrasting
role
OS
in
stem
cells
(CSCs)
NDDs.
Elevated
levels
reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
contribute
promote
tumor
initiation
progression
CSCs,
while
NDDs
such
as
Alzheimer’s
Parkinson’s
disease,
accelerates
death
impairs
cellular
repair
mechanisms.
Both
scenarios
involve
disruption
delicate
balance
between
pro-oxidant
antioxidant
systems,
leads
chronic
oxidative
stress.
Notably,
CSCs
neurons
display
alterations
redox-sensitive
signaling
pathways,
including
Nrf2
NF-κB,
influence
cell
survival,
proliferation,
differentiation.
Mitochondrial
dynamics
further
illustrate
these
differences:
enhanced
function
supports
adaptability
whereas
impairments
heighten
vulnerability.
Understanding
common
mechanisms
OS-induced
redox
imbalance
may
provide
insights
for
developing
interventions,
addressing
aging
hallmarks,
potentially
mitigating
or
preventing
both
Antioxidants and Redox Signaling,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
41(10-12), P. 616 - 636
Published: July 3, 2024
This
study
innovates
by
systematically
integrating
the
molecular
mechanisms
of
iron
death
and
its
application
in
cancer
therapy.
By
deeply
analyzing
interaction
between
tumor
microenvironment,
provides
a
new
theoretical
basis
for
treatment
directions
developing
more
effective
strategies.
In
addition,
points
to
critical
issues
barriers
that
need
be
addressed
future
research,
providing
valuable
insights
into
use
clinical
translation.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(24), P. 13302 - 13302
Published: Dec. 11, 2024
This
review
aims
to
address
the
significant
challenges
of
treating
central
nervous
system
(CNS)
disorders
such
as
neurodegenerative
diseases,
strokes,
spinal
cord
injuries,
and
brain
tumors.
These
are
difficult
manage
due
complexity
disease
mechanisms
protective
blood–brain
barrier
(BBB),
which
restricts
drug
delivery.
Recent
advancements
in
nanoparticle
(NP)
technologies
offer
promising
solutions,
with
potential
applications
delivery,
neuroprotection,
neuroregeneration.
By
examining
current
research,
we
explore
how
NPs
can
cross
BBB,
deliver
medications
directly
targeted
CNS
regions,
enhance
both
diagnostics
treatment.
Key
NP
strategies,
passive
targeting,
receptor-mediated
transport,
stimuli-responsive
systems,
demonstrate
encouraging
results.
Studies
show
that
may
improve
minimize
side
effects,
increase
therapeutic
effectiveness
models
Alzheimer’s,
Parkinson’s,
stroke,
glioblastoma.
thus
represent
a
approach
for
disorder
management,
combining
delivery
diagnostic
capabilities
enable
more
precise
effective
treatments
could
significantly
benefit
patient
outcomes.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(7), P. 3899 - 3899
Published: March 31, 2024
Epidemiological
evidence
points
to
an
inverse
association
between
Parkinson's
disease
(PD)
and
almost
all
cancers
except
melanoma,
for
which
this
is
positive.
The
results
of
multiple
studies
have
demonstrated
that
patients
with
PD
are
at
reduced
risk
the
majority
neoplasms.
Several
potential
biological
explanations
exist
relationship
cancer
PD.
Recent
identified
several
PD-associated
proteins
factors
mediating
development
cancer-associated
affecting
Accumulating
data
point
role
genetic
traits,
members
synuclein
family,
neurotrophic
factors,
ubiquitin-proteasome
system,
circulating
melatonin,
transcription
as
mediators.
Here,
we
present
recent
about
shared
pathogenetic
mediators
might
be
involved
in
these
two
diseases.
We
discuss
how
individually
or
combination,
may
pathology,
serve
links
cancer,
affect
prevalence
disorders.
Identification
investigation
their
mechanisms
action
would
lead
discovery
new
targets
treatment
both
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: June 10, 2024
The
glucagon-like
peptide-1
receptor
(GLP-1R)
agonists
reduce
glycated
hemoglobin
in
patients
with
type
2
diabetes.
Mounting
evidence
indicates
that
the
potential
of
GLP-1R
agonists,
mimicking
a
30
amino
acid
ligand,
GLP-1,
extends
to
treatment
neurodegenerative
conditions,
particular
focus
on
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD).
However,
mechanism
underlies
regulation
availability
brain
AD
remains
poorly
understood.
Here,
using
whole
transcriptome
RNA-Seq
human
postmortem
caudate
nucleus
and
chronic
hydrocephalus
(CH)
elderly,
we
found
select
mRNAs
expressed
glucose
dysmetabolism
dyslipidemia
were
significantly
altered.
Furthermore,
detected
RNA
indicating
deficiency
doublecortin
(DCX)
levels
presence
ferroptosis
impacted
by
AD.
Using
genome
data
viewer,
assessed
mutability
39
other
genes
two
factors
associated
high
mutation
rates
chromosomes
four
species.
Surprisingly,
identified
nucleotide
sizes
transcript
exceptionally
differed
all
species
humans,
chimpanzees,
rats,
mice
up
6-fold.
Taken
together,
protein
network
database
analysis
suggests
reduced
aged
is
dysmetabolism,
ferroptosis,
DCX+
neurons,
may
contribute
