Mediterranean Diet Nutrients to Turn the Tide against Insulin Resistance and Related Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1066 - 1066

Published: April 12, 2020

Insulin resistance (IR), defined as an attenuated biological response to circulating insulin, is a fundamental defect in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D), also linked wide spectrum of pathological conditions, such non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cognitive impairment, endothelial dysfunction, chronic kidney (CKD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), some endocrine tumors, including breast cancer. In obesity, the unbalanced production pro- anti-inflammatory adipocytokines can lead development IR its related metabolic complications, which are potentially reversible through weight-loss programs. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), characterized by high consumption extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO), nuts, red wine, vegetables other polyphenol-rich elements, has proved be associated with greater improvement obese individuals, when compared nutritional interventions. Also, recent studies either experimental animal models or humans, have shown encouraging results for insulin-sensitizing supplements derived from MedDiet food sources modulation pathognomonic traits certain IR-related polyunsaturated acids seeds, anthocyanins purple fruits, resveratrol grapes, EVOO-derived, oleacein. Although pharmacological properties clinical uses these functional nutrients still under investigation, molecular mechanism(s) underlying benefits appear compound-specific and, cases, point role gene expression involvement nuclear high-mobility group A1 (HMGA1) protein.

Language: Английский

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A comprehensive review on xanthone derivatives as α-glucosidase inhibitors

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 157, P. 1460 - 1479

Published: Aug. 7, 2018

Language: Английский

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Interactions between phenolic compounds, amylolytic enzymes and starch: an updated overview

Current Opinion in Food Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31, P. 102 - 113

Published: Feb. 1, 2020

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids as potential agents in the management of type 2 diabetes through the modulation of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity: a review

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 62(12), P. 3137 - 3207

Published: Jan. 11, 2021

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases worldwide and characterized by increased postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG). α-Amylase α-glucosidase inhibitors have been shown to slow release glucose from starch oligosaccharides, resulting in a delay absorption reduction blood levels. Since current used management T2D, such as acarbose, associated strong gastrointestinal side effects, search for novel safer drugs considered hot topic research. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds widely distributed Plant Kingdom important components human diet. These promising antidiabetic activities, including inhibition α-amylase α-glucosidase. The aim this review provide an overview on scientific literature concerning structure-activity relationship flavonoids inhibiting α-glucosidase, their type experimental procedures applied. For purpose, total 500 covered review. Available data may be high value design development flavonoid derivatives with effective potent inhibitory activity against those carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes, possibly alternatives regulation PPHG T2D.

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids as Antidiabetic and Anti-Inflammatory Agents: A Review on Structural Activity Relationship-Based Studies and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(20), P. 12605 - 12605

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Flavonoids are a group of naturally occurring polyphenolic secondary metabolites which have been reported to demonstrate wide range pharmacological properties, most importantly, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. The relationship between hyperglycaemia inflammation vascular complications in diabetes is now well established. possessing properties may alleviate by reducing through different mechanisms action. It has suggested that the flavonoids’ biochemical structure-dependent; however, they yet be thoroughly grasped. Hence, main aim this review understand various structurally diverse flavonoids identify key positions responsible for effects, their correlation, effect substitutions on both properties. general requirement exerting effects found presence C2–C3 double bond (C-ring) hydroxyl groups at C3’, C4’, C5, C7 rings A B flavonoid skeleton. Furthermore, it demonstrated substitution C3 position C-ring decreases action while enhancing activity. Correlation discussed length support essential pharmacophores equipotent consideration these structural features play an important role synthesizing better flavonoid-based drugs dual meta-analysis further established as agents.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacotherapeutics Applications and Chemistry of Chalcone Derivatives

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(20), P. 7062 - 7062

Published: Oct. 19, 2022

Chalcones have been well examined in the extant literature and demonstrated antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancer properties. A detailed evaluation of purported health benefits chalcone its derivatives, including molecular mechanisms pharmacological activities, can be further explored. Therefore, this review aimed to describe main characteristics their method synthesis pharmacotherapeutics applications with mechanisms. The presence reactive α,β-unsaturated system chalcone's rings showed different potential properties, inhibitory activity on enzymes, anticancer, antimalarial, antiprotozoal, anti-filarial activity. Changing structure by adding substituent groups aromatic ring increase potency, reduce toxicity, broaden action. This report also summarized particularly antimicrobial We found that several compounds inhibit diverse targets antibiotic-resistance development pathways; therefore, they overcome resistance, bacteria become susceptible antibacterial compounds. few were more active than conventional antibiotics, like vancomycin tetracycline. On another note, a series pyran-fused chalcones trichalcones block NF-B signaling complement implicated inflammation, potent lipoxygenase inhibition NSAIDs, such as indomethacin. integrated discussion from domains medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis, applications, for new anti-infective agents could useful reference pharmaceutical scientists.

Language: Английский

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Flavonoids as dual-target inhibitors against α-glucosidase and α-amylase: a systematic review of in vitro studies

Natural Products and Bioprospecting, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract Diabetes mellitus remains a major global health issue, and great attention is directed at natural therapeutics. This systematic review aimed to assess the potential of flavonoids as antidiabetic agents by investigating their inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase α-amylase, two key enzymes involved in starch digestion. Six scientific databases (PubMed, Virtual Health Library, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Web Science, WHO Global Index Medicus) were searched until August 21, 2022, for vitro studies reporting IC 50 values purified α-amylase α-glucosidase, along with corresponding data acarbose positive control. A total 339 eligible articles analyzed, resulting retrieval 1643 flavonoid structures. These structures rigorously standardized curated, yielding 974 unique compounds, among which 177 exhibited inhibition both are presented. Quality assessment utilizing modified CONSORT checklist structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis performed, revealing crucial features simultaneous against enzymes. Moreover, also addressed several limitations current research landscape proposed solutions. The curated datasets available online https://github.com/MedChemUMP/FDIGA . Graphical

Language: Английский

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Inhibitory mechanisms of galloylated forms of theaflavins on α-glucosidase

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 294, P. 139324 - 139324

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Language: Английский

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Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Plants with Focus on Common Vegetables

Plants, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 2 - 2

Published: Dec. 18, 2019

Type-2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases in world, and characterized by hyperglycemia (i.e., high levels glucose blood). Alpha-glucosidases are enzymes digestive tract that hydrolyze carbohydrates into glucose. One strategy has been developed to treat type-2 inhibition activity alpha-glucosidases using synthetic drugs. However, these inhibitors usually associated with gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, development from natural products offers an alternative option for control hyperglycemia. In recent years, various studies have conducted identify sources such as plants, many candidates transpired be secondary metabolites including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids. this review, we focus on found common vegetable crops major classes phytochemicals responsible inhibitory activity, also potential/natural drug treatment mellitus. addition, possible breeding strategies production improved higher content described.

Language: Английский

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Inhibitory mechanism of vitexin on α-glucosidase and its synergy with acarbose

Food Hydrocolloids, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105, P. 105824 - 105824

Published: March 3, 2020

Language: Английский

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