Leaky Gut and the Ingredients That Help Treat It: A Review DOI Creative Commons
Ricardo S. Alemán, Marvin Moncada, Kayanush J. Aryana

et al.

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(2), P. 619 - 619

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The human body is in daily contact with potentially toxic and infectious substances the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). GIT has most significant load of antigens. can protect intestinal integrity by allowing passage beneficial agents blocking path harmful substances. Under normal conditions, a healthy barrier prevents elements from entering blood stream. However, factors such as stress, an unhealthy diet, excessive alcohol, antibiotics, drug consumption compromise composition microbiota homeostasis function intestine, leading to increased permeability. Intestinal hyperpermeability allow entry through junctions epithelium, which pass into bloodstream affect various organs systems. Thus, leaky gut syndrome dysfunction are associated diseases, inflammatory bowel disease irritable syndrome, well extra-intestinal including heart obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, celiac disease. Given relationship between permeability numerous it convenient seek excellent strategy avoid or reduce increase impact dietary nutrients on be crucial for designing new strategies patients pathogenesis gut-related diseases epithelial dysfunctions. In this review article, role functional ingredients suggested mediators disorders.

Language: Английский

Alcohol, liver disease and the gut microbiota DOI
Jasmohan S. Bajaj

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 235 - 246

Published: Jan. 14, 2019

Language: Английский

Citations

560
High-Fat, Western-Style Diet, Systemic Inflammation, and Gut Microbiota: A Narrative Review DOI Creative Commons
Ida Malesza, Michał Malesza, Jarosław Walkowiak

et al.

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3164 - 3164

Published: Nov. 14, 2021

The gut microbiota is responsible for recovering energy from food, providing hosts with vitamins, and a barrier function against exogenous pathogens. In addition, it involved in maintaining the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier, crucial functional maturation immune system. Western diet (WD)—an unhealthy high consumption fats—can be broadly characterized by overeating, frequent snacking, prolonged postprandial state. term WD commonly known intuitively understood. However, strict digital expression nutrient ratios not precisely defined. Based on US data 1908–1989, calory intake available fats increased 32% to 45%. Besides metabolic aspects (hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, sympathetic nervous system renin-angiotensin overstimulation, oxidative stress), consequences excessive fat (high-fat diet—HFD) comprise dysbiosis, dysfunction, permeability, leakage toxic bacterial metabolites into circulation. These can strongly contribute development low-grade systemic inflammation. This narrative review highlights most important recent advances linking HFD-driven dysbiosis HFD-related inflammation, presents pathomechanisms these phenomena, examines possible causative relationship between pro-inflammatory status changes.

Language: Английский

Citations

441
Gut microbiota, intestinal permeability, and systemic inflammation: a narrative review DOI Creative Commons
Federica Di Vincenzo,

Angelo Del Gaudio,

Valentina Petito

et al.

Internal and Emergency Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(2), P. 275 - 293

Published: July 28, 2023

Abstract The intestine is the largest interface between internal body and external environment. intestinal barrier a dynamic system influenced by composition of microbiome activity intercellular connections, regulated hormones, dietary components, inflammatory mediators, enteric nervous (ENS). Over years, it has become increasingly evident that maintaining stable crucial to prevent various potentially harmful substances pathogens from entering Disruption referred as 'leaky gut' or leaky gut wall syndrome seems be characterized release bacterial metabolites endotoxins, such lipopolysaccharide (LPS), into circulation. This condition, mainly caused infections, oxidative stress, high-fat diet, exposure alcohol chronic allergens, dysbiosis, appear highly connected with development and/or progression several metabolic autoimmune systemic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, bowel type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). In this review, starting description mechanisms enable homeostasis analyzing relationship complex ecosystem pathological conditions, we explore role in driving inflammation, also shedding light on current future therapeutic interventions.

Language: Английский

Citations

335
Intestinal Barrier in Human Health and Disease DOI Open Access

Natalia Di Tommaso,

Antonio Gasbarrini, Francesca Romana Ponziani

et al.

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(23), P. 12836 - 12836

Published: Dec. 6, 2021

The intestinal mucosa provides a selective permeable barrier for nutrient absorption and protection from external factors. It consists of epithelial cells, immune cells their secretions. gut microbiota participates in regulating the integrity function homeostatic balance. Pathogens, xenobiotics food can disrupt barrier, promoting systemic inflammation tissue damage. Genetic factors predispose individuals to dysfunction, changes composition are central this process. progressive identification these has led development concept ‘leaky syndrome’ ‘gut dysbiosis’, which underlie relationship between impairment, metabolic diseases autoimmunity. Understanding mechanisms underlying process is an intriguing subject research diagnosis treatment various extraintestinal diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

324
Lactobacillus spp. for Gastrointestinal Health: Current and Future Perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Elaine Dempsey, Sinéad C. Corr

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 6, 2022

In recent decades, probiotic bacteria have become increasingly popular as a result of mounting scientific evidence to indicate their beneficial role in modulating human health. Although there is strong associating various Lactobacillus probiotics health benefits, further research needed, particular determine the mechanisms by which may exert these effects and indeed gauge inter-individual value one can expect from consuming products. One must take into consideration differences individual combination strains, conditions create difficulty making direct comparisons. The aim this paper review current understanding means species stand benefit our gastrointestinal

Language: Английский

Citations

261
Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Trans-Epithelial Permeability DOI Open Access

Bénédicte Allam‐Ndoul,

Sophie Castonguay-Paradis,

Alain Veilleux

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(17), P. 6402 - 6402

Published: Sept. 3, 2020

Constant remodeling of tight junctions to regulate trans-epithelial permeability is essential in maintaining intestinal barrier functions and thus preventing diffusion small molecules bacteria host systemic circulation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis dysfunctional gut have been correlated a large number diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes inflammatory bowel disease. This led the hypothesis that bacteria-epithelial cell interactions are key regulators epithelial through modulation junctions. Nevertheless, molecular basis host-pathogen remains unclear mostly due inability most vitro models recreate differentiated tissue structure components observed normal epithelium. Recent advances development novel cellular model derived from stem cells, so-called organoids, encompassing all types reproducing physiological properties tissue. We summarize herein knowledge on aspects involvement interactions. review also focuses organoids promising for study microbiota-host interaction.

Language: Английский

Citations

260
Functions of Gut Microbiota Metabolites, Current Status and Future Perspectives DOI Creative Commons
Juan Liu, Yuzhu Tan, Hao Cheng

et al.

Aging and Disease, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 1106 - 1106

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Gut microbiota, a collection of microorganisms that live within gastrointestinal tract, provides crucial signaling metabolites for the physiological hosts. In healthy state, gut microbiota are helpful maintaining basic functions hosts, whereas disturbed production these can lead to numerous diseases such as metabolic diseases, cardiovascular neurodegenerative and cancer. Although there many reviews about specific mechanisms on is no comprehensive summarization metabolites. this Opinion, we discuss knowledge including types their ways acting targets. addition, summarize pathologic in health shaping composition nutrition. This paper be understanding roles thus provide guidance developing suitable therapeutic strategies combat microbial-driven improve health.

Language: Английский

Citations

255
Human milk oligosaccharides: Shaping the infant gut microbiota and supporting health DOI Creative Commons
Clodagh Walsh, Jonathan A. Lane, Douwe van Sinderen

et al.

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 72, P. 104074 - 104074

Published: July 3, 2020

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) are complex sugars which found in breast at significant concentrations and with unique structural diversity. These the fourth most abundant component of human after water, lipids, lactose yet provide no direct nutritional value to infant. Recent research has highlighted that HMOs have various functional roles play infant development. act as prebiotics by promoting growth beneficial intestinal bacteria thereby generating short-chain fatty acids critical for gut health. also directly modulate host-epithelial immune responses can selectively reduce binding pathogenic viruses epithelium preventing emergence a disease. This review covers current knowledge related biology their associated impact on

Language: Английский

Citations

254
The Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Disorders DOI Open Access
Aleksandra Góralczyk-Bińkowska, Dagmara Szmajda‐Krygier, Elżbieta Kozłowska

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 11245 - 11245

Published: Sept. 24, 2022

Modulating the gut microbiome and its influence on human health is subject of intense research. The microbiota could be associated not only with gastroenterological diseases but also psychiatric disorders. importance factors such as stress, mode delivery, role probiotics, circadian clock system, diet, occupational environmental exposure in relationship between brain function through bidirectional communication, described "the microbiome-gut-brain axis", especially underlined. In this review, we discuss link intestinal host response involving different pathways nervous system (e.g., neurotransmitters, endocrine immunological mechanisms, or bacterial metabolites). We review alterations their results development disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar (BD), autism spectrum (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity (ADHD).

Language: Английский

Citations

237
A Novel Postbiotic From Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG With a Beneficial Effect on Intestinal Barrier Function DOI Creative Commons
Jie Gao, Yubin Li, Yu Wan

et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: March 14, 2019

It has long been known that probiotics can be used to maintain intestinal homeostasis and treat a number of gastrointestinal disorders, but the underlying mechanism remained obscure. Recently, increasing evidence supports notion certain probiotic-derived components, such as bacteriocins, lipoteichoic acids, surface layer protein secreted protein, have similar protective role on barrier function live probiotics. These bioactive components named 'postbiotics' in most recent publications. We previously found Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) culture supernatant is able accelerate maturation neonatal defense prevent rats from oral Escherichia coli K1 infection. However, identity constituents not yet determined. In this study, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, we identified novel (named HM0539 here) involved beneficial effect LGG supernatant. was recombinated, purified, applied for exploring its potential bioactivity vitro vivo. Our results showed exhibits potent barrier, reflected by enhancing mucin expression preventing against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced injury, including downregulation (MUC2), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) disruption integrity. Using rat model E. infection via route, verified sufficient promote development pathogenesis. Moreover, further extended it dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis well LPS/D-galactosamine-induced bacterial translocation liver injury. conclusion, postbiotic which exerts function. findings indicated become useful agent prevention treatment dysfunction- related diseases.

Language: Английский

Citations

219