Pollen-based climate reconstruction techniques for late Quaternary studies

Earth-Science Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 210, P. 103384 - 103384

Published: Sept. 28, 2020

Fossil pollen records are well-established indicators of past vegetation changes. The prevalence across environmental settings including lakes, wetlands, and marine sediments, has made palynology one the most ubiquitous valuable tools for studying climatic change globally decades. A complementary research focus been development statistical techniques to derive quantitative estimates conditions from assemblages. This paper reviews commonly used their rationale seeks provide a resource facilitate inclusion in more palaeoclimatic research. To this end, we first address fundamental aspects fossil data that should be considered when undertaking pollen-based climate reconstructions. We then introduce range currently available, history development, situations which they can best employed. review literature on how define robust calibration datasets, produce high-quality reconstructions, evaluate suggest methods products could developed accessibility global usability. continue foster reconstruction methods, promote reporting standards. When established, such standards 1) enable broader application techniques, especially regions where underused, 2) evaluation reproduction individual structuring them evolving open-science era, optimising use as vital means study variability. also strongly encourage developers users palaeoclimate methodologies make associated programming code publicly will further help disseminate these interested communities.

Language: Английский

---

The human dimension of biodiversity changes on islands

Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 372(6541), P. 488 - 491

Published: April 29, 2021

Islands are among the last regions on Earth settled and transformed by human activities, they provide replicated model systems for analysis of how people affect ecological functions. By analyzing 27 representative fossil pollen sequences encompassing past 5000 years from islands globally, we quantified rates vegetation compositional change before after arrival. After arrival, turnover accelerate a median factor 11, with faster colonized in 1500 than those earlier. This global anthropogenic acceleration suggests that trajectories continuing change. Strategies biodiversity conservation ecosystem restoration must acknowledge long duration impacts degree to which changes today differ prehuman dynamics.

Language: Английский

---

Dispersal of aquatic and terrestrial organisms by waterbirds: A review of current knowledge and future priorities

Freshwater Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 68(2), P. 173 - 190

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Abstract We review progress in our understanding of the importance waterbirds as dispersal vectors other organisms, and identify priorities for further research. Waterbirds are excellent long‐distance (LDD), whereas such fish mammals disperse similar propagules, but over shorter distances. Empirical studies internal external transport by have shown that former mechanism generally is more important. Internal widely recognised aquatic plants invertebrates with resting eggs, also important organisms (e.g., terrestrial flowering not dispersed frugivores, bryophytes, tardigrades, eggs). Waterbird habitats, provide connectivity across terrestrial–aquatic boundaries. There differences roles different waterbird species, especially those using habitats along aquatic–terrestrial gradient. Early attempts to predict zoochory based on propagule morphology been found wanting, research needed into how traits vectored (including life history, dormancy growth traits) explain interactions. Experimental focused potential propagules survive or transport, factors determining establishment success after lacking. Recent spatially explicit models seed should be expanded include invertebrate dispersal, compare multiple bird species same landscape. Network approaches applied plant–waterbird interactions, these invertebrates. Genetic support effective LDD flyways, there remains a lack examples at local scale. Next Generation Sequencing genomics waterbird‐mediated More biogeography, community ecology, population genetics integrate movements design stage. Zoochory has paid little attention non‐pathogenic microbes (both eukaryotic prokaryotic). Nevertheless, evidence via avian guts can central microbial metacommunities. work explore its implications biogeochemistry, interchange gut flora organisms. In Anthropocene, role migratory particularly important, example compensating loss large fish, allowing native adjust their distributions under global warming, spreading alien flyways initial introductions human vectors. technological advances opened exciting opportunities fully exploited waterbirds.

Language: Английский

---

Representing plant diversity in land models: An evolutionary approach to make “Functional Types” more functional

Global Change Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 28(8), P. 2541 - 2554

Published: Dec. 29, 2021

Abstract Plants are critical mediators of terrestrial mass and energy fluxes, their structural functional traits have profound impacts on local global climate, biogeochemistry, biodiversity, hydrology. Yet, Earth System Models (ESMs), our most powerful tools for predicting the effects humans coupled biosphere–atmosphere system, simplify incredible diversity land plants into a handful coarse categories “Plant Functional Types” (PFTs) that often fail to capture ecological dynamics such as biome distributions. The inclusion more realistic is recognized goal ESMs, yet there currently no consistent, widely accepted way add models, is, determine what new PFTs with data constrain parameters. We review approaches representing plant in ESMs draw recent evolutionary findings present an evolution‐based type approach further disaggregating diversity. Specifically, prevalence niche conservatism, or tendency closely related taxa retain similar attributes through time, reveals relatedness framework summarizing similarities differences among types. advocate Plant Types based dominant lineages (“Lineage Types”) will provide ecologically defensible, tractable, scalable next‐generation potential improve parameterization, process representation, model benchmarking. highlight how importance history function can unify work disparate fields predictive modeling system.

Language: Английский

---

Postglacial species arrival and diversity buildup of northern ecosystems took millennia

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 8(39)

Published: Sept. 28, 2022

What drives ecosystem buildup, diversity, and stability? We assess species arrival changes across 16 millennia by combining regional-scale plant sedimentary ancient DNA from Fennoscandia with near-complete trait databases. show that postglacial time varies within between growth forms. Further, times were mainly predicted adaptation to temperature, disturbance, light. Major break points in ecological diversity seen 13.9 10.8 calibrated thousand years before the present (cal ka BP), as well point functional at 12.0 cal BP, shifting a state of buildup where most habitat types biotic components place. Trait stabilized around 8 after which both remained stable, although climate took place inflow continued. Our reconstruction indicates millennial-scale phase formation reach stable resilient levels functioning.

Language: Английский

---

LegacyClimate 1.0: a dataset of pollen-based climate reconstructions from 2594 Northern Hemisphere sites covering the last 30 kyr and beyond

Earth system science data, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 2235 - 2258

Published: June 2, 2023

Abstract. Here we describe LegacyClimate 1.0, a dataset of the reconstruction mean July temperature (TJuly), annual (Tann), and precipitation (Pann) from 2594 fossil pollen records Northern Hemisphere, spanning entire Holocene, with some reaching back to Last Glacial Period. Two methods, modern analog technique (MAT) weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS), reveal similar results regarding spatial temporal patterns. To reduce impact on reconstruction, vice versa, also provide reconstructions using tailored data, limiting range corresponding other climate variables. We assess reliability reconstructions, information distributions root squared error in prediction significance tests. The is beneficial for synthesis studies proxy-based evaluate output models thus help improve themselves. our compilation reconstructed TJuly, Tann, Pann as open-access datasets at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.930512; Herzschuh et al., 2023a). R code provided Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7887565; 2023b), including harmonized used so that customized can be easily established.

Language: Английский

---

Resilience of genetic diversity in forest trees over the Quaternary

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Oct. 14, 2024

The effect of past environmental changes on the demography and genetic diversity natural populations remains a contentious issue has rarely been investigated across multiple, phylogenetically distant species. Here, we perform comparative population genomic analyses demographic inferences for seven widely distributed ecologically contrasting European forest tree species based concerted sampling 164 their ranges. For all species, effective size, N

Language: Английский

---

Using ancient sedimentary DNA to forecast ecosystem trajectories under climate change

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1902)

Published: April 7, 2024

Ecosystem response to climate change is complex. In order forecast ecosystem dynamics, we need high-quality data on changes in past species abundance that can inform process-based models. Sedimentary ancient DNA ( sed aDNA) has revolutionised our ability document ecosystems' dynamics. It provides time series of increased taxonomic resolution compared microfossils (pollen, spores), and often give species-level information, especially for vascular plant mammal abundances. Time are much richer information than contemporary spatial distribution which have been traditionally used train models predicting biodiversity responses change. Here, outline the potential contribution aDNA changes. We showcase how may allow quantification effect biotic interactions be estimate dispersal rates when a dense network sites available. By combining palaeo-time series, models, inverse modelling, recover abiotic processes underlying very challenging characterise. Dynamic informed by further extrapolate beyond current dynamics provide robust forecasts future This article part theme issue ‘Ecological novelty planetary stewardship: transforming biosphere’.

Language: Английский

---

Plant speciation in the Quaternary

Plant Ecology & Diversity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(3-4), P. 105 - 142

Published: July 4, 2021

Background There are conflicting views between palaeobotanists and plant systematists/evolutionary biologists regarding the occurrence of speciation in Quaternary. Palaeobotanists advocate that Quaternary was rare despite opposing molecular phylogenetic evidence, extent which appears underappreciated.Aims To document, describe discuss evidence for across different geographical regions based on dated phylogenies related studies.Methods From a search literature, we compiled selection mainly from all continents (except Antarctica) major climate zones.Results Molecular analyses studies show radiations occurred frequently many instances climatic oscillations were likely important drivers them. In studied, particularly evident mountainous areas arid regions, also prevalent oceanic archipelagos.Conclusions Based our survey literature propose there is now overwhelming ubiquitous during We therefore reject view this period briefly possible reasons discrepancy.

Language: Английский

---

Intensification and Driving Forces of Pastoralism in Northern China 5.7 ka Ago

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(7)

Published: March 16, 2021

Abstract Initiation and development of pastoralism in northern China, the mechanisms involved, are poorly understood. Here we use analyses Sporormiella ‐type coprophilous fungal spores a well‐dated sediment core from Lake Gonghai together with other sequences to reconstruct population dynamics large herbivores during Holocene. Comparison results paleoclimatic zooarchaeological records suggests that grazing appeared at ∼5.7–5.5 ka further intensified again after ∼4.2–4.0 ka. The changes represent two stages migration herdsmen steppe regions inner East Asia eastward and/or southward into propose occurrence drought cooling climate were responsible. rapid intensification ∼3.6 may have been promoted by wider horses grasslands China. Intensified activity potentially has contributed methane increase late

Language: Английский

---