Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection, EBV, HHV-6 and Other Factors May Contribute to Inflammation and Autoimmunity in Long COVID

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 400 - 400

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

A novel syndrome called long-haul COVID or long is increasingly recognized in a significant percentage of individuals within few months after infection with SARS-CoV-2. This disorder characterized by wide range persisting, returning even new but related symptoms that involve different tissues and organs, including respiratory, cardiac, vascular, gastrointestinal, musculo-skeletal, neurological, endocrine systemic. Some overlapping symptomatologies exist between myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS). Very much like ME/CFS, infections herpes family viruses, immune dysregulation, the persistence inflammation have been reported as most common pattern for development COVID. review describes several factors determinants proposed, elaborating mainly on viral persistence, reactivation latent viruses such Epstein–Barr virus human herpesvirus 6 which are also associated pathology superantigen activation system, disturbance gut microbiome, multiple tissue damage autoimmunity. Based these factors, we propose diagnostic strategies measurement IgG IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, EBV, HHV-6, superantigens, microbiota, biomarkers autoimmunity to better understand manage this multi-factorial continues affect millions people world.

Language: Английский

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Role of dietary fiber in promoting immune health—An EAACI position paper

Allergy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 77(11), P. 3185 - 3198

Published: July 8, 2022

Abstract Microbial metabolism of specific dietary components, such as fiber, contributes to the sophisticated inter‐kingdom dialogue in gut that maintains a stable environment with important beneficial physiological, metabolic, and immunological effects on host. Historical changes fiber intake may be contributing increase allergic hypersensitivity disorders fiber‐derived metabolites are evolutionarily hardwired into molecular circuitry governing immune cell decision‐making processes. In this review, we highlight importance ingredient, its microbiome, regulation, appropriate timing intervention target any potential window opportunity, mechanisms for fibers prevention management diseases. addition, review human studies examining or prebiotic interventions asthma respiratory outcomes, rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, overall risk disorders. While exposures, interventions, outcomes were too heterogeneous meta‐analysis, there is significant using targeted manipulations microbiome metabolic functions promoting health.

Language: Английский

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Risk Factors of Severe COVID-19: A Review of Host, Viral and Environmental Factors

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 175 - 175

Published: Jan. 7, 2023

The clinical course and outcome of COVID-19 are highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe disease death. Understanding the risk factors is relevant both in setting at epidemiological level. Here, we provide an overview host, viral environmental that have been shown or (in some cases) hypothesized be associated with outcomes. considered detail include age frailty, genetic polymorphisms, biological sex (and pregnancy), co- superinfections, non-communicable comorbidities, immunological history, microbiota, lifestyle patient; variation infecting dose; socioeconomic factors; air pollution. For each category, compile (sometimes conflicting) evidence for association factor outcomes (including strength effect) outline possible action mechanisms. We also discuss complex interactions between various factors.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota and Immunity during Respiratory Infections: Lung and Gut Affair

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 4051 - 4051

Published: April 5, 2024

Bacterial and viral respiratory tract infections are the most common infectious diseases, leading to worldwide morbidity mortality. In past 10 years, importance of lung microbiota emerged in context pulmonary although mechanisms by which it impacts intestinal environment have not yet been fully identified. On contrary, gut microbial dysbiosis is associated with disease etiology or/and development lung. this review, we present an overview microbiome modifications occurring during infections, namely, reduced community diversity increased burden, downstream consequences on host–pathogen interaction, inflammatory signals, cytokines production, turn affecting progression outcome. Particularly, focus role gut–lung bidirectional communication shaping inflammation immunity context, resuming both animal human studies. Moreover, discuss challenges possibilities related novel microbial-based (probiotics dietary supplementation) microbial-targeted therapies (antibacterial monoclonal antibodies bacteriophages), aimed remodel composition resident communities restore health. Finally, propose outlook some relevant questions field be answered future research, may translational relevance for prevention control infections.

Language: Английский

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Cardiometabolic benefits of a non-industrialized-type diet are linked to gut microbiome modulation

Cell, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Industrialization adversely affects the gut microbiome and predisposes individuals to chronic non-communicable diseases. We tested a restoration strategy comprising diet that recapitulated key characteristics of non-industrialized dietary patterns (restore diet) bacterium rarely found in industrialized microbiomes (Limosilactobacillus reuteri) randomized controlled feeding trial healthy Canadian adults. The restore diet, despite reducing diversity, enhanced persistence L. reuteri strain from rural Papua New Guinea (PB-W1) redressed several features altered by industrialization. also beneficially microbiota-derived plasma metabolites implicated etiology Considerable cardiometabolic benefits were observed independently administration, which could be accurately predicted baseline diet-responsive features. findings suggest intervention targeted toward restoring can improve host-microbiome interactions likely underpin pathologies, guide recommendations development therapeutic nutritional strategies.

Language: Английский

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The central and biodynamic role of gut microbiota in critically ill patients

Critical Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(1)

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Abstract Gut microbiota plays an essential role in health and disease. It is constantly evolving permanent communication with its host. The gut increasingly seen as organ, failure, reflected by dysbiosis, organ failure associated poor outcomes. Critically ill patients may have altered microbiota, namely a severe reduction “health-promoting” commensal intestinal bacteria (such Firmicutes or Bacteroidetes) increase potentially pathogenic (e.g. Proteobacteria). Many factors that occur critically favour such medications changes nutrition patterns. Dysbiosis leads to several important effects, including integrity the production of metabolites short-chain fatty acids trimethylamine N-oxide. There increasing evidence alteration interact other organs, highlighting concept gut–organ axis. Thus, dysbiosis will affect organs could impact on progression critical diseases. Current knowledge only small part what remains be discovered. precise contribution interactions various intense challenging research area offers exciting opportunities for disease prevention, management therapy, particularly care where multi-organ often focus. This narrative review provides overview normal composition functions, mechanisms leading consequences intensive setting, highlights

Language: Английский

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The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases

Allergy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 7, 2024

Abstract The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, 350,000 new chemical substances have introduced to lives humans. In recent years, epithelial barrier theory came light explaining growing and exacerbations these worldwide. It attributes their onset a functionally impaired triggered by toxicity exposed substances, associated with microbial dysbiosis, immune system activation, inflammation. Diseases encompassed share common features such as an increased after 1960s or 2000s that cannot (solely) be accounted for emergence improved diagnostic methods. Other traits include defects, dysbiosis loss commensals colonization opportunistic pathogens, circulating inflammatory cells cytokines. addition, practically unrelated fulfill criteria started emerge multimorbidities during last Here, we provide comprehensive overview discuss evidence similarities epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, dysfunction, tissue

Language: Английский

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Role of the microbiome in regulation of the immune system

Allergology International, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Immune health and metabolic functions are intimately connected via diet the microbiota. cells continuously exposed to a wide range of microbes microbial-derived compounds, with important mucosal systemic ramifications. Microbial fermentation dietary components in vivo generates thousands molecules, some which integral molecular circuitry that regulates immune functions. These turn protect against aberrant inflammatory or hyper-reactive processes promote effector responses quickly eliminate pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2. Potent tolerance mechanisms should ensure these do not over-react non-pathogenic factors (e.g. food proteins), while maintaining ability respond infectious challenges robust, effective well controlled manner. In this review we examine shape microbiota composition interactions host system, their associations mediated disorders strategies for intervention.

Language: Английский

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Multi-omics personalized network analyses highlight progressive disruption of central metabolism associated with COVID-19 severity

Cell Systems, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 665 - 681.e4

Published: July 8, 2022

The clinical outcome and disease severity in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) are heterogeneous, the progression or fatality of cannot be explained by a single factor like age comorbidities. In this study, we used system-wide network-based system biology analysis using whole blood RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping flow cytometry, plasma metabolomics, single-cell-type metabolomics monocytes to identify potential determinants COVID-19 at personalized group levels. Digital cell quantification mononuclear phagocytes indicated substantial role coordinating immune cells that mediate severity. Stratum-specific genome-scale metabolic modeling monocarboxylate transporter family genes (e.g., SLC16A6), nucleoside SLC29A1), metabolites such as α-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate, butyrate could play crucial Metabolic perturbations targeting central pathway (TCA cycle) can an alternate treatment strategy severe COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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Nutrition in chronic inflammatory conditions: Bypassing the mucosal block for micronutrients

Allergy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79(2), P. 353 - 383

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Abstract Nutritional Immunity is one of the most ancient innate immune responses, during which body can restrict nutrients availability to pathogens and restricts their uptake by gut mucosa (mucosal block). Though this be a beneficial strategy infection, it also associated with non‐communicable diseases—where pathogen missing; leading increased morbidity mortality as micronutritional distribution in hindered. Here, we discuss acute response respect nutrients, opposing nutritional demands regulatory inflammatory cells particularly focus on some linked inflammation such iron, vitamins A, Bs, C, other antioxidants. We propose that while absorption certain micronutrients hindered inflammation, dietary lymph path remains available. As such, several clinical trials investigated role lymphatic system protein absorption, following ketogenic diet an intake antioxidants, vitamins, minerals, reducing ameliorating disease.

Language: Английский

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