Oxidative Stress, Gut Microbiota, and Extracellular Vesicles: Interconnected Pathways and Therapeutic Potentials

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(7), P. 3148 - 3148

Published: March 28, 2025

Oxidative stress (OS) and gut microbiota are crucial factors influencing human health, each playing a significant role in the development progression of chronic diseases. This review provides comprehensive analysis complex interplay between these two factors, focusing on how an imbalance reactive oxygen species (ROS) antioxidants leads to OS, disrupting cellular homeostasis contributing range conditions, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, neurological cancer. The microbiota, diverse community microorganisms residing gastrointestinal tract, is essential for regulating immune responses, pathways, overall health. Dysbiosis, composition, closely associated with inflammation, dysfunction, various highlights influences influenced by complicating pathophysiology many conditions. Furthermore, emerging evidence has identified extracellular vesicles (EVs) as critical facilitators crosstalk OS microbiota. EVs also play signaling host tissues, modulating processes. function holds promise targeted therapies aimed at restoring microbial balance mitigating OS. Personalized therapeutic approaches, probiotics, antioxidants, fecal transplantation-based strategies, can be used address OS-related diseases improve health outcomes. Nonetheless, further research needed study molecular mechanisms underlying interactions potential innovative interventions offer novel strategies managing enhancing

Language: Английский

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Life-long microbiome rejuvenation improves intestinal barrier function and inflammaging in mice

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract Background Alterations in the composition and function of intestinal microbiota have been observed organismal aging across a broad spectrum animal phyla. Recent findings, which derived mostly simple models, even established causal relationship between age-related microbial shifts lifespan, suggesting microbiota-directed interventions as potential tool to decelerate processes. To test whether life-long microbiome rejuvenation strategy could delay or prevent non-ruminant mammals, we performed recurrent fecal transfer (FMT) mice throughout life. Transfer material was either from 8-week-old (young microbiome, yMB) animals same age recipients (isochronic iMB) control. Motor coordination strength were analyzed by rotarod grip tests, barrier serum LAL assay, transcriptional responses single-cell RNA sequencing, community properties 16S rRNA gene profiling metagenomics. Results Colonization with yMB improved permeability compared iMB. encoded fewer pro-inflammatory factors altered metabolic pathways favoring oxidative phosphorylation. Ecological interactions among bacteria more antagonistic than iMB implying stable communities. Single-cell sequencing analysis mucosa revealed salient shift cellular phenotypes group markedly increased ATP synthesis mitochondrial well decrease age-dependent mesenchymal hallmark transcripts enterocytes TA cells, but reduced inflammatory signaling macrophages. Conclusions Taken together, demonstrate that repeated young processes including coordinative ability (rotarod), permeability, both profiles mainly macrophages also other immune cells.

Language: Английский

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Coevolutionary interplay: Helminths-trained immunity and its impact on the rise of inflammatory diseases

eLife, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 15, 2025

The gut biome, a complex ecosystem of micro- and macro-organisms, plays crucial role in human health. A disruption this evolutive balance, particularly during early life, can lead to immune dysregulation inflammatory disorders. ‘Biome repletion’ has emerged as potential therapeutic approach, introducing live microbes or helminth-derived products restore balance. While helminth therapy shown some promise, significant challenges remain optimizing clinical trials. Factors such patient genetics, disease status, species, the optimal timing dosage their metabolites must be carefully considered train system effectively. We aim discuss how helminths induce trained immunity prospective treat autoimmune diseases. molecular repertoire excretory/secretory (ESPs), which includes proteins, peptides, lipids, RNA-carrying extracellular vesicles (EVs), underscores modulate innate cells hematopoietic stem cell precursors. Mimicking natural delivery mechanisms like synthetic exosomes could revolutionize EV-based therapies production ESP will for translation into applications. By deciphering harnessing products’ diverse modes action, we unleash full pave way innovative treatments.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Pathogenesis, Diseases, Prevention, and Therapy

MedComm, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 6(5)

Published: April 18, 2025

ABSTRACT Dysbiosis refers to the disruption of gut microbiota balance and is pathological basis various diseases. The main pathogenic mechanisms include impaired intestinal mucosal barrier function, inflammation activation, immune dysregulation, metabolic abnormalities. These involve dysfunctions in gut–brain axis, gut–liver others cause broader effects. Although association between diseases caused by dysbiosis has been extensively studied, many questions remain regarding specific treatment strategies. This review begins examining causes summarizes potential representative imbalance. It integrates clinical evidence explore preventive therapeutic strategies targeting emphasizing importance understanding dysbiosis. Finally, we summarized development artificial intelligence (AI) research suggested that it will play a critical role future studies on combining multiomics technologies AI further uncover complex drive personalized

Language: Английский

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Aqueous Polygalae Radix extract (PRE) prolongs the lifespan of C. elegans and alleviates D-galactose-induced oxidative stress in the mouse liver and brain by modulating PPARγ/MAPK

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 119878 - 119878

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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The role of the gut microbiota in neurodegenerative diseases targeting metabolism

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

In recent years, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) has gradually increased over past decades due to rapid aging global population. Traditional research had difficulty explaining relationship between its etiology and unhealthy lifestyle diets. Emerging evidence proved that pathogenesis may be related changes gut microbiota’s composition. Metabolism microbiota insidious far-reaching effects on provides new directions for disease intervention. Here, we delineated basic diseases, highlighting metabolism in also focusing treatments NDs based microbiota. Our review provide novel insights neurodegeneration approach a broadly applicable basis clinical therapies diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota trigger host liver immune responses that affect drug-metabolising enzymes

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Dec. 11, 2024

There is increasing evidence that the intestinal microbiota plays an integral role in disease pathogenesis and treatment. Specifically, significantly influences pharmacokinetics pharmacodynamics of orally administered drugs through direct involvement drug metabolism and, consequently, bioavailability. However, gut also exerts immunoregulatory effects on liver-the organ primarily responsible for metabolism-thereby indirectly impacting body's capacity to metabolise process drugs. Individual differences this pathway substantially contribute variability clinical treatment outcomes observed between patients. This review examines impact liver immune responses, as triggered by microbiota, activity drug-metabolising enzymes discusses implications precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Naturally Occurring Microbiota-Accessible Borates: A Focused Minireview

Inorganics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 308 - 308

Published: Nov. 26, 2024

Recently, we discovered and proved the essentiality of organic boron species (OBS), such as borate–pectic polysaccharides borate–phenolic esters, for healthy symbiosis (HS) between microbiota human/animal (H/A) host. The OBS will provide new options B supplementation in H/A nutrition a long life. New knowledge on naturally occurring microbiota-accessible borate HS host allow use natural B-based dietary supplements to target microbiome (the gut, skin, oral, scalp, vaginal microbiome). In literature, there is evidence that certain bacteria need (autoinducer-2 borate) communication our preliminary data show takes place when colonic mucus gel layer contains B. Subsequently, become novel prebiotic candidates colon foods.

Language: Английский

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Association between gut microbiome profiles and host metabolic health across the life course: a population-based study

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 50, P. 101195 - 101195

Published: Dec. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Psychoneuroimmunology and Gut Microbiota

Advances in medical diagnosis, treatment, and care (AMDTC) book series, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 453 - 482

Published: Dec. 13, 2024

Gastrointestinal tract harbours a very complex and dynamic community of microorganisms known as the 'gut microbiota'. These microbes are involved in various critical physiological processes, including digestion biomolecules, synthesis vitamins, modulation immune system, protection against pathogens. This chapter provides comprehensive overview gut brain axis. The delves into role microbial metabolites like short chain fatty acids, tryptophan bile acids neuronal neurotransmitter functioning. Cytokine release system activation can potentially change microbiota composition. psychological stress reducing beneficial bacteria increasing pathogenic composition has been detailed. Psychological lead to these consequences by altering permeability intestinal cells. effect compromised on health through altered activity discussed.

Language: Английский

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