Gut Microbiota at the Crossroad of Hepatic Oxidative Stress and MASLD

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 56 - 56

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic condition marked by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue. This disorder can lead to range of pathological outcomes, including metabolic steatohepatitis (MASH) and cirrhosis. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms driving MASLD initiation progression remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress peroxidation are pivotal "multiple parallel hit model", contributing cell death tissue damage. Gut microbiota plays substantial role modulating oxidative through multiple pathways: impairing intestinal barrier, which results bacterial translocation inflammation; modifying bile acid structure, impacts signaling cascades involved lipidic metabolism; influencing hepatocytes' ferroptosis, form programmed death; regulating trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) activating platelet function, both recently identified as pathogenetic factors MASH progression. Moreover, various exogenous impact gut its involvement MASLD-related stress, such air pollution, physical activity, cigarette smoke, alcohol, dietary patterns. manuscript aims provide state-of-the-art overview focused on intricate interplay between microbiota, peroxidation, pathogenesis, offering insights into potential strategies prevent associated complications.

Language: Английский

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Alcohol accelerates the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma through elevated Gram-negative bacteria in peripheral circulation

Experimental Hematology and Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 25, 2025

Abstract Alcohol consumption is intricately linked to the incidence of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This study comprehensively investigates role alcohol-induced microbial alterations in ESCC progression. A retrospective analysis 328 patients demonstrated that alcohol markedly increases risk and boosts expression proliferation marker Ki67. Patients with alcohol-related exhibited substantially higher blood microbiome diversity, characterized by dominance Gram-negative bacteria, elevated serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) levels. In a mouse model, not only augmented tumor burden but also compromised gut barrier integrity, facilitating bacterial translocation. Significant elevations such as Bacteroidales Escherichia coli tissues, were observed. Mechanistically, LPS synergistically activated pro-inflammatory pathways, including TNF, TLR, NF-κB, MAPK, which fueled proliferation. Meanwhile, triggered necroptosis normal epithelial cells. These findings reveal dysbiosis peripheral circulation LPS-mediated inflammatory responses form novel pathogenic mechanism ESCC. Targeting bacteria could provide promising therapeutic strategy for managing Further research urgently warranted explore interaction between changes microenvironment.

Language: Английский

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The oncobiome; what, so what, now what?

Microbiome Research Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

Microbial communities inhabiting various body sites play critical roles in the initiation, progression, and treatment of cancer. The gut microbiota, a highly diverse microbial ecosystem, interacts with immune cells to modulate inflammation surveillance, influencing cancer risk therapeutic outcomes. Local tissue microbiota may impact transition from premalignant states malignancy. Characterization intratumoral increasingly reveals distinct microbiomes that influence tumor growth, responses, efficacy. Various bacteria species have been reported therapies through mechanisms such as altering drug metabolism shaping microenvironment (TME). For instance, or bacterial enzymatic activity can convert prodrugs into active forms, enhancing effects or, conversely, inactivating small-molecule chemotherapeutics. Specific also linked improved responses immunotherapy, underscoring microbiome’s role Furthermore, unique signatures patients, compared healthy individuals, demonstrate diagnostic potential microbiota. Beyond gut, tumor-associated local affect therapy by inflammation, resistance. This review explores multifaceted relationships between cancer, focusing on their modulating TME, activation, members represents promising avenue for advancing precision oncology improving patient By leveraging biomarkers interventions, new strategies be developed optimize diagnosis treatment.

Language: Английский

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