Altered Resting-State functional connectivity in the anterior and posterior hippocampus in Post-traumatic stress disorder: The central role of the anterior hippocampus

NeuroImage Clinical, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38, P. 103417 - 103417

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Post-traumatic stress disorder can be viewed as a memory disorder, with trauma-related flashbacks being core symptom. Given the central role of hippocampus in autobiographical memory, surprisingly, there is mixed evidence concerning altered hippocampal functional connectivity PTSD. We shed light on this discrepancy by considering distinct roles anterior versus posterior and examine how distinction may map onto whole-brain resting-state patterns among those without PTSD.We first assessed between-group differences profiles within publicly available data set fMRI from 31 male Vietnam war veterans diagnosed PTSD (mean age = 67.6 years, sd 2.3) 29 age-matched combat-exposed controls (age 69.1 3.5). Next, each subject group were correlated their symptom scores. Finally, discovered for seeds used to prescribe post-hoc ROIs, which then perform ROI-to-ROI graph-theoretic analyses.The showed increased affective brain regions (anterior/posterior insula, orbitofrontal cortex, temporal pole) decreased anterior/posterior involved processing bodily self-consciousness (supramarginal gyrus). Notably, cingulate cortex/precuneus was associated severity. The left also emerged locus abnormal connectivity, measures suggestive more hub-like region compared trauma-exposed controls.Our results highlight that plays critical neurocircuitry underlying underscore importance differential sub-regions serving biomarkers Future studies should investigate whether stemming observed populations other than older veterans.

Language: Английский

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Psychotherapeutic and neurobiological processes associated with ayahuasca: A proposed model and implications for therapeutic use

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Ayahuasca is a psychoactive Amazonian plant brew. It usually made from the Banisteriopsis caapi vine (Spruce ex Griseb. Morton, Malpighiaceae), which contains three primary harmala alkaloids, along with leaves of Psychotria viridis (Ruiz et Pavon, Rubiaceae) in potent psychedelic dimethyltryptamine (DMT) found. DMT-harmaloid concoctions have gained popularity recent years, due to growing anecdotal and scientific reports therapeutic benefits associated their consumption. now ingested variety different settings across globe, traditional ethnobotanical so called "neo-shamanic" ceremonies. Furthermore, related preparations involving alternative sources DMT alkaloids are becoming increasingly common as knowledge ayahuasca continues spread internationally. This article reviews existing literature draws on original qualitative data large cross-sectional study drinkers, propose model psychotherapeutic processes consumption ayahuasca. We assert that it these processes, facilitated by range neurobiological effects, lead beneficial mental health wellbeing outcomes. Our proposed identifies five key or effects inherent experience; somatic effects; introspection emotional processing; increased Self-connection; spiritual connection, finally gaining insights new perspectives. note some important differences compared other classic psychedelics well implications for use Improved understanding involved experience will better equip practitioners work this potentially transformative concoction enable optimization treatment models potential clinical use.

Language: Английский

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Toward staging differentiation for posttraumatic stress disorder treatment

Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 147(1), P. 65 - 80

Published: Nov. 11, 2022

Several medical and psychiatric disorders have stage-based treatment decision-making methods. However, international guidelines for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) fail to give specific recommendations based on chronicity or stage of the disorder. There is convincing evidence a finite range PTSD symptom trajectories, implying that different phenotypes can be distinguished, which are highly relevant staging typology PTSD.State-of-the-art review building prior work models in other as mapping tool identify synthesize toward PTSD.We propose four-stage model ranging from 0: trauma-exposed asymptomatic but at risk 4: severe unremitting illness increasing chronicity. We favor description various chronological characteristics neurobiological markers, information processing systems, reactivity, consciousness dimensions. also advocate separate phenomenology resistance since this yield recommendations.A perspective field needed. This facilitate selection interventions proportionate patients' current needs progression contribute an efficient framework organize biomarker data guide service delivery. Therefore, we neurobiologically driven trajectory-based help deduct several leading more personalized refined grid strategize, plan evaluate interventions.

Language: Английский

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Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing in der Behandlung psychosomatischer Störungsbilder

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 70(1), P. 49 - 62

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) wurde Ende der 1980er-Jahre zur Therapie posttraumatischer Belastungsstörungen (PTBS) entwickelt; inzwischen findet die Methode auch Anwendung bei Krankheitsbildern außerhalb klassischen PTBS. Die theoretische Grundlage, das Modell adaptiven Informationsverarbeitung (AIP), postuliert, dass psychische Störungen durch unzureichend verarbeitete traumatische Erinnerungen entstehen. Mithilfe von geleiteten Augenbewegungen – bilaterale Stimulation genannt werden deren Integration unterstützt und emotionale Auswirkungen verringert. Der vorliegende Weiterbildungsbeitrag stellt den Ablauf Inhalte EMDR umfassend dar. theoretischen Hintergründe in Behandlung psychosomatischer Krankheitsbilder dargelegt Einsatzfelder PTBS-Therapie beschrieben. Beitrag beleuchtet wachsende Bedeutung Psychosomatik diskutiert vielfältigen Anwendungsbereiche.

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Neuroscience-based relational art therapy and deep brain reorienting in the treatment of dissociative identity disorder

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Art therapy (AT) has been proposed as a treatment for post-traumatic conditions, potentially by providing somatic sensory input that can (i) enhance the client’s sense of self and embodiment, (ii) modulate arousal, (iii) aid in rethinking reframing traumatic memories. However, evidence supporting AT dissociative disorders remains limited. The theoretical basis efficacy is discussed relation to findings regarding traumatized person’s brain mindset, well its altered functional network connectivity. It crucial consider specific alterations networks associated with trauma, particularly those occurring deep regions, which include midbrain, brainstem, cerebellum. hypothesis suggests early or severe trauma impair brain’s higher regulatory functions, explained cascade theory. This theory explains how diverse activation patterns within midbrain’s periaqueductal gray (PAG) midbrain influence limbic system cortices, thereby modulating states being behavior. Phase-specific, resource-oriented, long-term complexly individuals benefit from novel insights neuroimaging studies inform therapeutic methods. illustrated clinical vignette client diagnosed identity disorder (DID), where reorienting (DBR) was combined relational AT. component hypothesized have facilitated grounding present moment enhanced access her neurophenomenological self. Moreover, changes may occurred at implicit non-verbal levels. DBR believed helped remain previously avoided unbearable internal experience. To validate these assumptions, second author conducted semi-structured interview focused on experiences psychotherapy , including effect when introduced after were articulated through thematic analysis interview, yielded following themes: Loneliness, getting help moving towards togetherness . Further research development methods neuroplasticity necessary highly clients change heal are recommended.

Language: Английский

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Childhood Trauma, Cognition, and Eating Psychopathology: A Network Analysis

Healthcare, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 630 - 630

Published: March 14, 2025

Background/Objectives: Childhood trauma is associated with psychiatric sequelae beyond post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), including eating disorders (EDs) and cognitive dysfunction. While pathology related to cognition irrespective of childhood exposure, such experiences may influence the way in which these symptoms develop. One method that has garnered increased interest studying interrelationships between pinpointing core features psychopathology network analysis. Methods: Using data from Nathan Kline Institute Rockland Sample, present study utilized analysis examine associations ED deficits among a community sample. Comorbidity networks were constructed two samples: adult reporters (n = 116) non-reporters 101). Results: In line cognitive-behavioral model EDs, overvaluation weight/shape was central both but demonstrated higher strength centrality reporters. Additionally, reporters, executive functioning linked food-related attentional biases; alternatively, affective salient non-reporters. Finally, negative self-concept (theorized as putative consequence deficits) implicated networks. When comparing according global strength, we did not find significant differences. Conclusions: Our findings contribute literature examining interrelatedness extend by considering role exposure. our shared self-concept, they differed cognitive-affective concomitants. This information holds clinical utility advancing assessment intervention for individuals psychopathology.

Language: Английский

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Self-discontinuity in behavioral addictions: A psychodynamic framework

Addictive Behaviors Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100601 - 100601

Published: March 1, 2025

Models based on substance use criteria have been employed to classify maladaptive engagement in various everyday activities as genuine addictions. However, symptom-based models potential limitations, which includes some cases reduced clinical utility and an increased risk of diagnostic inflation. The current article presents alternative psychodynamic theoretical framework elucidate the psychological processes underlying development putative behavioral According this framework, addictions are conceptualized strategies for regulating overwhelming feelings rooted childhood trauma. Exposure trauma may lead segregation unbearable trauma-related mental states from awareness through persistent dissociative processes. Thus, provide individuals with illusory sense control over while simultaneously reinforcing states. compulsive such can be seen attempt at self-medication, though it ultimately exacerbates discontinuities self-experience. This is further illustrated a vignette, highlighting its implications both assessment treatment.

Language: Английский

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The Relation Between Adverse Childhood Events and Self-harm with the Mediating Roles of Shame and Self-disgust

international journal high risk behaviors & addiction, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Background: Adverse childhood events are one of the most important predictors deliberate self-harm (DSH), and difficulty in regulating self-conscious emotions, including shame self-disgust, forms underlying mechanism this relationship. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate relationship between adverse experiences (ACEs) DSH through mediating roles self-disgust. Patients Methods: current descriptive-correlational employed a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. sample included all Iranian over 18 years old who had engaged within past six months used social media (e.g., Instagram, Telegram, WhatsApp) 2024. A 269 individuals was selected using convenience sampling method. Participants completed following questionnaires: Gratz’s Deliberate Self-harm Inventory (DSHI), Bernstein’s Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Andrews Hunter’s Experience Shame Scale (ESS), Overton’s Self-disgust (SDS). Data were analyzed Pearson’s correlation coefficient SEM. analysis conducted SPSS-25 AMOS-24. Results: Results indicated significant positive ACEs (r = 0.28, P < 0.01). Furthermore, observed variables 0.01) self-disgust 0.40, SEM results demonstrated that indirect relationships (β 0.03, 0.034) 0.06, 0.018) significant. components can serve as suitable mediators ACEs. model accounted for approximately 10% variance DSH. Conclusions: Trauma-related could increase As emotions disgust may not be openly expressed, interventions addressing by alleviating negative impacts these likely foster development more adaptive coping strategies.

Language: Английский

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Being a parent in neonatal care environments: A survey of the acceptability of sound and song for parents with seriously unwell infants on UK neonatal units

Journal of Neonatal Nursing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 101674 - 101674

Published: March 29, 2025

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Communication Research: Implications for Resilience Communication and Organizing

Health Communication, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 27

Published: April 21, 2025

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the psychological response to experiencing and/or witnessing a traumatic event. With over 100 million of global adult population afflicted with this disorder, more systematic research on PTSD essential, and COVID-19 pandemic increased that need. Extant suggests communication lies at center prevention, symptom mitigation, recovery, yet researchers have largely failed address disorder. To advance theory empirical research, paper presents review studies in literature. Content computational analyses 84 relevant articles from three databases show primarily focuses military, journalists, survivors terrorist attacks. In addition, those rely social networks support combat stigma self-isolation. Based these findings, we present four fruitful areas for future across diverse subfields: (1) networks, (2) populations, (3) identity, (4) resilience.

Language: Английский

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