Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
10(14)
Published: Dec. 1, 2021
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
small
cargo-bearing
released
by
cells
into
the
extracellular
space.
The
field
of
EVs
has
grown
exponentially
over
past
two
decades;
this
growth
follows
realisation
that
not
simply
a
waste
disposal
system
as
had
originally
been
suggested
some,
but
also
complex
cell-to-cell
communication
mechanism.
Indeed,
have
shown
to
transfer
functional
cargo
between
and
can
influence
several
biological
processes.
These
particles
deregulated
in
disease.
As
we
approach
75th
anniversary
first
experiments
which
were
unknowingly
isolated,
it
seems
right
take
stock
look
back
on
how
started,
since
exploded
its
current
state.
Here
review
early
experiments,
summarise
key
findings
propelled
field,
describe
an
organised
EV
community,
discuss
state
identify
challenges
need
be
addressed.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
7(1)
Published: Nov. 23, 2018
ABSTRACT
The
last
decade
has
seen
a
sharp
increase
in
the
number
of
scientific
publications
describing
physiological
and
pathological
functions
extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
collective
term
covering
various
subtypes
cell‐released,
membranous
structures,
called
exosomes,
microvesicles,
microparticles,
ectosomes,
oncosomes,
apoptotic
bodies,
many
other
names.
However,
specific
issues
arise
when
working
with
these
entities,
whose
size
amount
often
make
them
difficult
to
obtain
as
relatively
pure
preparations,
characterize
properly.
International
Society
for
Extracellular
Vesicles
(ISEV)
proposed
Minimal
Information
Studies
(“MISEV”)
guidelines
field
2014.
We
now
update
“MISEV2014”
based
on
evolution
knowledge
four
years.
An
important
point
consider
is
that
ascribing
function
EVs
general,
or
EVs,
requires
reporting
information
beyond
mere
description
crude,
potentially
contaminated,
heterogeneous
preparation.
For
example,
claims
exosomes
are
endowed
exquisite
activities
remain
support
experimentally,
given
our
still
limited
their
molecular
machineries
biogenesis
release,
compared
biophysically
similar
EVs.
MISEV2018
include
tables
outlines
suggested
protocols
steps
follow
document
EV‐associated
functional
activities.
Finally,
checklist
provided
summaries
key
points.
Stem Cell Research & Therapy,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Feb. 26, 2019
In
recent
years,
stem
cell
therapy
has
become
a
very
promising
and
advanced
scientific
research
topic.
The
development
of
treatment
methods
evoked
great
expectations.
This
paper
is
review
focused
on
the
discovery
different
cells
potential
therapies
based
these
cells.
genesis
followed
by
laboratory
steps
controlled
culturing
derivation.
Quality
control
teratoma
formation
assays
are
important
procedures
in
assessing
properties
tested.
Derivation
utilization
media
crucial
to
set
proper
environmental
conditions
for
differentiation.
Among
many
types
tissue
applications,
use
graphene
scaffolds
extracellular
vesicle-based
require
attention
due
their
versatility.
summarized
challenges
that
must
overcome
be
accepted
worldwide.
A
wide
variety
possibilities
makes
this
cutting
edge
turning
point
modern
medicine,
providing
hope
untreatable
diseases.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
118(4), P. 1917 - 1950
Published: Jan. 31, 2018
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs)
are
diverse,
nanoscale
membrane
actively
released
by
cells.
Similar-sized
can
be
further
classified
(e.g.,
exosomes,
microvesicles)
based
on
their
biogenesis,
size,
and
biophysical
properties.
Although
initially
thought
to
cellular
debris,
thus
under-appreciated,
EVs
now
increasingly
recognized
as
important
vehicles
of
intercellular
communication
circulating
biomarkers
for
disease
diagnoses
prognosis.
Despite
clinical
potential,
the
lack
sensitive
preparatory
analytical
technologies
poses
a
barrier
translation.
New
platforms
including
molecular
ones
being
developed
address
these
challenges.
Recent
advances
in
field
expected
have
far-reaching
impact
both
basic
translational
studies.
This
article
aims
present
comprehensive
critical
overview
emerging
EV
detection
applications.
Journal of Extracellular Vesicles,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
13(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2024
Extracellular
vesicles
(EVs),
through
their
complex
cargo,
can
reflect
the
state
of
cell
origin
and
change
functions
phenotypes
other
cells.
These
features
indicate
strong
biomarker
therapeutic
potential
have
generated
broad
interest,
as
evidenced
by
steady
year-on-year
increase
in
numbers
scientific
publications
about
EVs.
Important
advances
been
made
EV
metrology
understanding
applying
biology.
However,
hurdles
remain
to
realising
EVs
domains
ranging
from
basic
biology
clinical
applications
due
challenges
nomenclature,
separation
non-vesicular
extracellular
particles,
characterisation
functional
studies.
To
address
opportunities
this
rapidly
evolving
field,
International
Society
for
Vesicles
(ISEV)
updates
its
'Minimal
Information
Studies
Vesicles',
which
was
first
published
2014
then
2018
MISEV2014
MISEV2018,
respectively.
The
goal
current
document,
MISEV2023,
is
provide
researchers
with
an
updated
snapshot
available
approaches
advantages
limitations
production,
multiple
sources,
including
culture,
body
fluids
solid
tissues.
In
addition
presenting
latest
art
principles
research,
document
also
covers
advanced
techniques
that
are
currently
expanding
boundaries
field.
MISEV2023
includes
new
sections
on
release
uptake
a
brief
discussion
vivo
study
Compiling
feedback
ISEV
expert
task
forces
more
than
1000
researchers,
conveys
research
facilitate
robust
discoveries
move
field
forward
even
rapidly.
New England Journal of Medicine,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
379(10), P. 958 - 966
Published: Sept. 5, 2018
Interview
with
Dr.
Tushar
Patel
on
the
role
of
extracellular
vesicles
in
physiologic
function
and
as
potential
biomarkers
for
disease.
(08:09)Download
Circulating
vesicles,
which
are
produced
by
normal
diseased
tissues
released
into
body
fluids,
can
be
markers
disease
processes
perhaps
even
tools
to
deliver
new
therapies.
Theranostics,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
8(14), P. 3932 - 3948
Published: Jan. 1, 2018
Long
non-coding
RNAs
(lncRNAs)
are
involved
in
the
pathology
of
various
tumors,
including
colorectal
cancer
(CRC).
The
crosstalk
between
carcinoma-
associated
fibroblasts
(CAFs)
and
cells
tumor
microenvironment
promotes
development
confers
chemoresistance.
In
this
study,
we
further
investigated
underlying
tumor-promoting
roles
CAFs
molecular
mediators
these
processes.
Methods:
AOM/DSS-induced
colitis-associated
(CAC)
mouse
model
was
established,
RNA
sequencing
performed.
Small
interfering
(siRNA)
sequences
were
used
to
knock
down
H19.
Cell
apoptosis
measured
by
flow
cytometry.
SW480
with
H19
stably
knocked
establish
a
xenograft
model.
indicated
protein
levels
tissues
confirmed
immunohistochemistry
assay,
cell
analyzed
TUNEL
assay.
RNA-FISH
immunofluorescence
assays
performed
assess
expression
stroma
nests.
AldeRed
ALDH
detection
assay
detect
intracellular
aldehyde
dehydrogenase
(ALDH)
enzyme
activity.
Isolated
exosomes
identified
transmission
electron
microscopy,
nanoparticle
tracking
Western
blotting.
Results:
highly
expressed
CAC
mice
compared
normal
colon
tissues.
up-regulation
also
CRC
patient
samples
at
different
node
metastasis
(TNM)
stages.
Moreover,
stemness
stem
(CSCs)
specimens.
promoted
CSCs
increased
frequency
tumor-initiating
cells.
showed
higher
than
Of
note,
enriched
CAF-derived
conditioned
medium
exosomes,
which
turn
chemoresistance
vitro
vivo.
Furthermore,
activated
β-catenin
pathway
via
acting
as
competing
endogenous
sponge
for
miR-141
CRC,
while
significantly
inhibited
Conclusion:
promote
transferring
exosomal
miR-141,
Our
findings
indicate
that
contributes
