Aging - Oxidative stress, antioxidants and computational modeling

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(5), P. e04107 - e04107

Published: May 1, 2020

Aging is a degenerative, biological, time-dependent, universally conserved process thus designed as one of the highest known risk factors for morbidity and mortality. Every individual has its own aging mechanisms both environmental conditions (75%) genetics (25%) account aging. Several theories have been proposed until now but not even single theory solves this mystery. There are still some queries un-answered to scientific community regarding behind However, oxidative stress (OST) considered famous that sees mitochondria leading organelles which largely contribute process. Many reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced endogenously exogenously associated with But mitochondrial ROS dysfunction due contributors toward Although damage cell machinery, new evidence suggests their role in signal transduction regulate biological physiological processes. Moreover, besides mitochondria, other important such peroxisome endoplasmic reticulum also produce nature provided humans free radical scavengers called antioxidants protect from harmful effects ROS. Future predictions aging, biochemical involved, biomarkers internal external can be easily done machine learning algorithms computational models. This review explains aspects contribution producing importance fighting against ROS, different models developed understand complexities

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles as Signaling Mediators and Disease Biomarkers across Biological Barriers

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(7), P. 2514 - 2514

Published: April 4, 2020

Extracellular vesicles act as shuttle vectors or signal transducers that can deliver specific biological information and have progressively emerged key regulators of organized communities cells within multicellular organisms in health disease. Here, we survey the evolutionary origin, general characteristics, significance extracellular mediators intercellular signaling, discuss various subtypes thus far described principal methodological approaches to their study, review role tumorigenesis, immunity, non-synaptic neural communication, vascular-neural communication through blood-brain barrier, renal pathophysiology, embryo-fetal/maternal placenta.

Language: Английский

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Plant‐derived extracellular vesicles: Recent advancements and current challenges on their use for biomedical applications

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(12)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a diverse class of lipid bilayer membrane released by both animal and plant cells. These ubiquitous are involved in intercellular communication transport various biological cargos, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids. In recent years, interest plant‐derived EVs has increased tremendously, as they serve scalable sustainable alternative to derived from mammalian sources. vitro vivo findings have demonstrated that these (PDVs) possess intrinsic therapeutic activities can potentially treat diseases improve human health. addition, PDVs also act efficient biocompatible drug carriers. While preclinical studies shown promising results, there still several challenges knowledge gaps be addressed for the successful translation into clinical applications, especially view lack standardised protocols material handling PDV isolation This review provides readers with quick overview current understanding research on PDVs, critically analysing highlighting immense potential novel therapeutics diseases. It is expected this work will guide scientists address currently associated promote new advances plant‐based solutions.

Language: Английский

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Tissue‐derived extracellular vesicles in cancers and non‐cancer diseases: Present and future

Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(14)

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayer membrane structures secreted by most cell types. EVs act as messengers via the horizontal transfer of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, influence various pathophysiological processes in both parent recipient cells. Compared to obtained from body fluids or culture supernatants, isolated directly tissues possess a number advantages, including tissue specificity, accurate reflection microenvironment, etc., thus, attention should be paid tissue-derived (Ti-EVs). Ti-EVs present interstitium play pivotal roles intercellular communication. Moreover, provide an excellent snapshot interactions among types with common histological background. Thus, may used gain insights into development progression diseases. To date, extensive investigations have focused on role fluid-derived culture-derived EVs; however, studies remains insufficient. Herein, we summarize latest advances for cancers non-cancer We propose future application basic research clinical practice. Workflows Ti-EV isolation characterization between diseases reviewed compared. discuss current issues associated potential directions.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles under Oxidative Stress Conditions: Biological Properties and Physiological Roles

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1763 - 1763

Published: July 12, 2021

Under physio-pathological conditions, cells release membrane-surrounded structures named Extracellular Vesicles (EVs), which convey their molecular cargo to neighboring or distant influencing metabolism. Besides involvement in the intercellular communication, EVs might represent a tool used by eliminate unnecessary/toxic material. Here, we revised literature exploring link between and redox biology. The first proof of this derives from evidence demonstrating that healthy protect target oxidative insults through transfer antioxidants. Oxidative stress conditions influence that, turn, modulate status cells. stress-related exert both beneficial harmful effects, as they can carry antioxidants ROS-generating enzymes oxidized molecules. As mediators cell-to-cell are also implicated pathophysiology diseases. review found numerous studies speculated on role signaling pathologies, but few them unraveled mechanisms behind complex link. Thus, purpose is report discuss evidence, highlighting analysis content stress-released (reminiscent originating cells), starting point for use diagnostic therapeutic tools

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles as bioactive nanotherapeutics: An emerging paradigm for regenerative medicine

Theranostics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 4879 - 4903

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

In recent decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs), as bioactive cell-secreted nanoparticles which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, immune regulation, angiogenesis tissue repair, have emerged one of the most attractive nanotherapeutics for regenerative medicine. Herein we provide a systematic review latest progress EVs applications. Firstly, will briefly introduce biogenesis, function isolation technology EVs. Then, underlying therapeutic mechanisms native unmodified engineering strategies modified entities be discussed. Subsequently, main focus placed on repair regeneration applications organs brain, heart, bone cartilage, liver kidney, well skin. More importantly, current clinical trials medicine also highlighted. Finally, future challenges insightful perspectives currently developed EV-based biomedicine short, opened new horizons biologists, chemists, nanoscientists, pharmacists, clinicians, making possible powerful tools therapies

Language: Английский

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Piezotronic and piezo‐phototronic effects on sonodynamic disease therapy

BMEMat, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1)

Published: Feb. 18, 2023

Abstract With the development of engineered nanomaterials and nanomedicines, utilization to generate excessive reactive oxygen species under exogenous ultrasound (US) irradiation for realizing disease therapy, namely sonodynamic therapy (SDT), has attracted widespread attention. Compared with traditional photodynamic US shows deeper tissue penetration reach deep‐seated location. However, high‐efficiency sonosensitizers remains one gravest challenges in current related research future clinical application. Latterly, benefiting from piezotronic piezo‐phototronic effects, novel based on piezoelectric semiconductor (PS) have exhibited inspiring application prospects SDT. In this review, we outline structures physicochemical properties PS that potential applications SDT, introduce presumed mechanisms Then, latest progress as cancer antibacterial are summarized. Finally, existing trends field prospected.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant peptides, the guardian of life from oxidative stress

Medicinal Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 275 - 364

Published: Aug. 25, 2023

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during oxidative metabolism in aerobic organisms. Under normal conditions, ROS production and elimination a relatively balanced state. However, under internal or external environmental stress, such as high glucose levels UV radiation, can increase significantly, leading to stress. Excess not only damages biomolecules but is also closely associated with the pathogenesis of many diseases, skin photoaging, diabetes, cancer. Antioxidant peptides (AOPs) naturally occurring artificially designed that reduce other pro-oxidants, thus showing great potential treatment stress-related diseases. In this review, we discussed its role inducing diseases humans. Additionally, sources, mechanism action, evaluation methods AOPs provided directions for future studies on AOPs.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Pathophysiology and Opportunities for Pharmacological Intervention

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020, P. 1 - 29

Published: Nov. 15, 2020

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease or Charcot disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative that affects motor neurons (MNs) and leads to death within 2-5 years of diagnosis, without any effective therapy available. Although the pathological mechanisms leading ALS are still unknown, wealth evidence indicates an excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production associated with inefficient antioxidant defense represents important feature in ALS. Substantial oxidative stress (OS) implicated loss MNs mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing decisively neurodegeneration modulation OS promising approach protect from degeneration, fact several antioxidants beneficial effects animal models failed show therapeutic benefit patients raises questions should be analyzed. Using specific queries for literature search on PubMed, we review here role OS-related ALS, including involvement altered function repercussions neurodegeneration. We describe compounds have been mostly tested preclinical clinical trials describing their respective action. While description mechanism different mutations identified has principal objective clarify contribution positive negative outcomes each aimed at paving way novel opportunities intervention. In conclusion, although strategies represent very slow progression it utmost need invest characterization profiles representative subtype patient, order develop personalized therapies, allowing understand characteristics subtypes patients.

Language: Английский

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ROS signaling cascades: dual regulations for osteoclast and osteoblast

Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 52(10), P. 1055 - 1062

Published: Aug. 4, 2020

Accumulating evidence indicates that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is highly involved in bone homeostasis by intervening osteoclast or osteoblast differentiation. Interestingly, ROS are known as oxidizing agents exert dose-dependent biphasic properties remodeling, including preventing activity but accelerating resorption. mainly composed of superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl nitric oxide, and two-electron reduction product hydrogen peroxide, which important components to regulate cell metabolism function mammal skeleton. These free radicals can be partly produced boosted an inflammation state. Although numerous researches have emphasized the impacts on biology verified mechanism signaling cascades, recapitulatory commentary necessary. In this review article, we particularly focus regulation its potential impacting cell-signaling transduction differentiation for preferable understanding pathogenesis searching novel therapeutic protocols human diseases.

Language: Английский

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