The role of Exosomal miRNAs in cancer

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2022

Exosomal miRNAs have attracted much attention due to their critical role in regulating genes and the altered expression of virtually all cancers affecting humans (Sun et al. Mol Cancer 17(1):14, 2018). modulate processes that interfere with cancer immunity microenvironment, are significantly involved tumor growth, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis drug resistance. Fully investigating detailed mechanism occurrence development various could help not only treatment but also prevention malignant diseases. The current review highlighted recently published advances regarding cancer-derived exosomes, e.g., sorting delivery mechanisms for RNAs. cell-to-cell communication, impacting angiogenesis, metastasis multiple biological features, were discussed. Finally, potential exosomal as diagnostic prognostic molecular markers was summarized, well usefulness detecting resistance therapeutic agents.

Language: Английский

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Methods of the Large-Scale Production of Extracellular Vesicles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(18), P. 10522 - 10522

Published: Sept. 10, 2022

To date, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been extensively investigated as potential substitutes for cell therapy. Research has suggested their ability to overcome serious risks associated with the application of these cells. Although, translation EVs into clinical practice is hampered by lack a cheap reasonable way obtain clinically relevant number EVs, an available method large-scale production ensures vesicles’ integrity, preserves biological activity, and they are well reproducible, providing homogeneity product from batch batch. In this review, advances in development methods increase discussed. The existing approaches can be divided following: (1) those based on increasing natural creating using high capacity “cell factories”, (2) induction secretion under various stressors, (3) fragmentation creation biomimetic vesicles. aim review stimulate introduction draw attention new large scale.

Language: Английский

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Hypoxia Induced Changes of Exosome Cargo and Subsequent Biological Effects

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: April 4, 2022

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that secreted by almost all types of cells and exist in spaces. As an important mediator intercellular communication, exosomes encapsulate the miRNA, lncRNA, cirRNA, mRNA, cytokine, enzyme, lipid, other components from cytoplasm into its closed single membrane structure transfer them to recipient units autocrine, paracrine, or endocrine manner. Hypoxia is a state low oxygen tension involved many pathological processes. influences size, quantity, expression exosome cargos. derived hypoxic tumor genetics, proteins, lipids exert pleiotropic effects. Different donor produce different cargo contents, target lead biological Hypoxic uptaken normoxic promoted proliferation, migration, invasion; space liver metastasis; endothelial angiogenesis; immune macrophage polarization changed microenvironment. In addition various tumors, also participate development diseases cardiovascular system, neuron respiratory hematology urinary reproduction skeletomuscular system. Understanding special characteristics provide new insight elaborating pathogenesis hypoxia related disease. This review summarizes induced changes effects tumors non-malignant systems.

Language: Английский

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Scalable Production of Extracellular Vesicles and Its Therapeutic Values: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(14), P. 7986 - 7986

Published: July 20, 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minute with lipid bilayer membranes. EVs secreted by cells for intercellular communication. Recently, have received much attention, as they rich in biological components such nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins that play essential roles tissue regeneration disease modification. In addition, can be developed vaccines against cancer infectious diseases, the vesicle membrane has an abundance of antigenic determinants virulent factors. therapeutic applications typically collected from conditioned media cultured cells. However, number is limited. Thus, it critical to devise new strategies large-scale production EVs. Here, we discussed utilized researchers scalable Techniques bioreactors, mechanical stimulation, electrical thermal magnetic field topographic clue, hypoxia, serum deprivation, pH modification, exposure small molecules, nanoparticles, increasing intracellular calcium concentration, genetic modification been used improve secretion nitrogen cavitation, porous extrusion, sonication prepare EV-mimetic nanovesicles share many characteristics naturally Apart inducing EV production, these upscaling interventions also reported modify EVs' cargo thus their functionality potential. summary, imperative identify a reliable technique produce large quantities consistently. Ideally, produced should possess improved

Language: Английский

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Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer

The EMBO Journal, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 41(18)

Published: Sept. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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