Extracellular Vesicles as Therapeutic Resources in the Clinical Environment

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 2344 - 2344

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

The native role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mediating the transfer biomolecules between cells has raised possibility to use them as therapeutic vehicles. development therapies based on EVs is now expanding rapidly; here we will describe current knowledge different key points regarding a clinical setting. These are related cell sources EVs, isolation, storage, and delivery methods, well modifications releasing for improved production EVs. Finally, depict application trials, considering impact COVID-19 pandemic these therapies, pointing out that although it promising therapy human diseases, still initial phase its patients.

Language: Английский

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Modification of immune cell-derived exosomes for enhanced cancer immunotherapy: current advances and therapeutic applications

Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 56(1), P. 19 - 31

Published: Jan. 4, 2024

Abstract Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the approach to cancer treatment of malignant tumors by harnessing body’s immune system selectively target cells. Despite remarkable advances, there are still challenges in achieving successful clinical responses. Recent evidence suggests that cell-derived exosomes modulate generate effective antitumor responses, making them a cutting-edge therapeutic strategy. However, natural limited application due their low drug delivery efficiency and insufficient capacity. Technological advancements have allowed exosome modifications magnify intrinsic functions, load different cargoes, preferentially tumor sites. These engineered exert potent effects great potential for immunotherapy. In this review, we describe ingenious modification strategies attain desired performance. Moreover, systematically summarize tumor-controlling properties innate adaptive immunity. Collectively, review provides comprehensive intuitive guide modified exosome-based approaches, offering valuable enhance optimize

Language: Английский

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Purification of mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived small extracellular vesicles using ultrafiltration

Journal of Extracellular Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 4(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (MSC-sEVs) are pivotal for the curative effects of mesenchymal cells, but their translation into clinical products is hindered by technical challenges scaled production and purification. Ultrafiltration, a pressure-driven membrane separation method, well known as an efficient, scalable, cost-effective approach bioseparation. However, there has been little study so far that comprehensively evaluates potential application ultrafiltration sEV isolation In this study, feasibility effectiveness MSC-sEV purification studied, key process design operational parameters, including pore size, transmembrane pressure (TMP), stirring speed (shear rate), feed concentration, quantified using stirred cell setup. Results revealed 500 kDa molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) polyethersulfone demonstrated superior suitability separation, yielding higher purity productivity compared to 100 300 MWCO membranes same material. The could also be improved applying moderate lower pressure, respectively. Isovolumetric diafiltration was incorporated enhance MSC-sEVs, successfully removing about 99% protein contaminants six volumes (DVs). Subsequently, fed-batch ultra-diafiltration (UF/DF) with optimised filtration parameters developed currently most used ultracentrifugation (UC) showing exceptional performance in MSC-sEVs: it increased recovery from 20.59% 60.88% (about three folds increase) nearly doubled purity, while reducing processing time over 4 h 3.5 h, further reduction less than 2.5 through automation. concludes promising method both lab-scale preparation industrial-scale manufacture offering advantages high recovery, scalability, fast, cost-effectiveness.

Language: Английский

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Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1008 - 1008

Published: Jan. 24, 2025

This comprehensive review aims to provide a thorough overview of the vital role that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play in endothelial dysfunction, particularly emphasizing how physiological factors—such as sex and aging—along with significant cardiovascular risk factors, influence this process. The covers studies ranging from first description EVs 1945 contemporary insights into their biological roles intercellular signaling dysfunction. A analysis peer-reviewed articles reviews indexed PubMed database was conducted compile information. Initially, Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms included keywords aimed at providing general knowledge about regulation signaling, such “extracellular vesicles”, “endothelium”, “intercellular signaling”. Subsequently, related pathophysiological implications EV interactions dysfunction disease were added, including “cardiovascular disease”, “sex”, “aging”, “atherosclerosis”, “obesity”, “diabetes”. Additionally, potential applications explored using MeSH “biomarker”, “therapeutic strategy”. results bibliographical reveal have capacity induce various cellular responses within system complex landscape disease. composition cargo is subject modification by conditions sex, aging, which result regulatory on function neighboring cells when released dysfunctional endothelium. Moreover, data suggest field still requires further exploration, biology continuously evolving, presenting dynamic engaging area for research. deeper understanding molecular involved EV–endothelium could yield valuable biomarkers monitoring progression facilitate development innovative bioengineered therapeutic strategies enhance patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Stem cell- derived extracellular vesicles as new tools in regenerative medicine - Immunomodulatory role and future perspectives

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

In the last few decades, practical use of stem cells (SCs) in clinic has attracted significant attention regenerative medicine due to ability these proliferate and differentiate into other cell types. However, recent findings have demonstrated that therapeutic capacity SCs may also be mediated by their secrete biologically active factors, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Such submicron circular membrane-enveloped released from surface harbour bioactive cargo form proteins, lipids, mRNA, miRNA, regulatory factors. Notably, growing evidence indicated EVs transfer content recipient greatly modulate functional fate. Thus, they been recently envisioned as a new class paracrine factors cell-to-cell communication. Importantly, activity immune system, playing an important role regulation inflammation, exhibiting broad spectrum immunomodulatory promotes transition pro-inflammatory pro-regenerative environment site tissue injury. Consequently, interest is placed on attempts utilize clinical applications inflammatory-related dysfunctions potential next-generation alternative cell-based approaches. this review we will discuss current knowledge biological properties SC-derived EVs, with special focus inflammatory response. We address several disease models, vitro vivo preclinical, well studies. Finally, highlight perspectives future challenges emerging EV-based strategies inflammation-related diseases treatment.

Language: Английский

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Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 663 - 663

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers, cell-free therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. Despite their great clinical potential, poor yield unscalable production of EVs remain significant challenges. When using 3D culture methods, such scaffolds bioreactors, large numbers cells can be expanded the cell environment manipulated to control phenotype. This has been employed successfully increase well enhance effects. The physiological relevance cultures, spheroids, also provided a strategy for understanding role in pathogenesis several diseases evaluate tools deliver drugs. Additionally, methods encapsulate achieve more sustained effects prevent premature clearance enable localised concentrated exosome dosage. review highlights opportunities drawbacks different use EV research.

Language: Английский

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Small extracellular vesicles: Yields, functionalization and applications in diabetic wound management

Deleted Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(4)

Published: Oct. 1, 2023

Abstract Diabetic wounds have imposed a significant burden on both patients and society with prolonged healing processes hindered by dysfunctional skin repair cells. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), as the important media for intercellular communications, show promising therapeutic potential in treating diabetic restoring cellular functions. However, low yields limited bio‐function of sEVs greatly challenge their large‐scale clinical use. Here, we briefly overview biogenesis uptake sEVs, emphasize current advances improving optimizing function engineering approaches, summarize applications engineered wound treatment. Furthermore, undissolved issues during transformation are also discussed. This critical review aims to provide meaningful guidance future management wounds.

Language: Английский

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Current Strategies for Promoting the Large-scale Production of Exosomes

Current Neuropharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(9), P. 1964 - 1979

Published: Feb. 17, 2023

Exosomes, as nanoscale biological vesicles, have been shown to great potential for biomedical applications. However, the low yield of exosomes limits their application. In this review, we focus on methods increase exosome yield. Two main strategies are used production, one is based genetic manipulation biogenesis and release pathway, other by pretreating parent cells, changing culture method or adding different components medium. By applying these strategies, can be produced a large scale facilitate practical application in clinic.

Language: Английский

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Tumor-derived systems as novel biomedical tools—turning the enemy into an ally

Biomaterials Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 27(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2023

Cancer is a complex illness that presents significant challenges in its understanding and treatment. The classic definition, "a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth spread abnormal cells body," fails to convey intricate interaction between many entities involved cancer. Recent advancements field cancer research have shed light on role played individual tumor microenvironment as whole development progression. This breakthrough enables utilization components biological tools, opening new possibilities. article delves deeply into concept "tumor-derived systems", an umbrella term for tools sourced from aid combatting it. It includes cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (for theranostics), extracellular vesicles diagnosis/therapy), lysates vaccine development), engineered cells/organoids research). review seeks offer complete overview tumor-derived materials are utilized research, well their current stages implementation. aimed primarily at researchers working interface biology biomedical engineering, it provides vital insights this fast-growing topic.

Language: Английский

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Strategies for Engineering of Extracellular Vesicles

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(17), P. 13247 - 13247

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane released by cells into the extracellular space. EVs mediate cell-to-cell communication through local and systemic transportation of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, transcription factors, cytokines, chemokines, enzymes, lipids, organelles within human body. gained a particular interest from cancer biology scientists because their role in modulation tumor microenvironment delivering bioactive molecules. In this respect, represent an attractive therapeutic target means for drug delivery. The advantages include biocompatibility, small size, low immunogenicity. However, there several limitations that restrict widespread use therapy, namely, specificity payload capacity. Thus, order to enhance efficacy delivery specificity, surface composition should be modified accordingly. review, we describe various approaches engineering EVs, further discuss disadvantages promote application clinical practice.

Language: Английский

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