Mammalian
sperm
delve
into
the
female
reproductive
tract
to
fertilize
gamete.
The
available
information
about
how
regulate
their
motility
during
final
journey
fertilization
site
is
extremely
limited.
In
this
work,
we
investigated
structural
and
functional
changes
in
flagellum
after
acrosomal
exocytosis
(AE)
interaction
with
eggs.
evidence
demonstrates
that
double
helix
actin
network
surrounding
mitochondrial
sheath
of
midpiece
undergoes
prior
cessation.
This
modification
accompanied
by
a
decrease
diameter
driven
intracellular
calcium
occur
concomitant
reorganization
helicoidal
cortex.
Midpiece
contraction
occurs
subset
cells
undergo
AE,
live-cell
imaging
vitro
showed
required
for
cessation
fusion
initiated.
These
findings
provide
first
F-actin
network’s
role
regulating
motility,
adapting
its
function
meet
specific
cellular
requirements
fertilization,
highlighting
broader
significance
understanding
motility.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
25(3), P. 1459 - 1459
Published: Jan. 25, 2024
Mammalian
fertilization
initiates
the
reprogramming
of
oocytes
and
sperm,
forming
a
totipotent
zygote.
During
this
intricate
process,
zygotic
genome
undergoes
maternal-to-zygotic
transition
(MZT)
subsequent
activation
(ZGA),
marking
initiation
transcriptional
control
gene
expression
post-fertilization.
Histone
modifications
are
pivotal
in
shaping
cellular
identity
many
mammals.
Recent
advances
chromatin
analysis
have
enabled
detailed
explorations
histone
during
ZGA.
This
review
delves
into
conserved
unique
regulatory
strategies,
providing
essential
insights
dynamic
changes
their
variants
ZGA
The
objective
is
to
explore
recent
advancements
leading
mechanisms
related
governing
embryonic
development
phase
depth.
These
considerations
will
be
useful
for
informing
future
therapeutic
approaches
that
target
epigenetic
regulation
diverse
biological
contexts.
It
also
contribute
extensive
areas
evolutionary
developmental
biology
possibly
lay
foundation
research
discussion
on
seminal
topic.
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
79(7)
Published: June 20, 2022
Germ
cell
formation
and
embryonic
development
require
ATP
synthesized
by
mitochondria.
The
dynamic
system
of
the
mitochondria,
in
particular,
fusion
are
essential
for
generation
energy.
Mitofusin1
mitofusin2,
homologues
Fuzzy
onions
yeast
Drosophila,
critical
regulators
mitochondrial
mammalian
cells.
Since
their
discovery
mitofusins
(Mfns)
have
been
source
significant
interest
as
key
influencers
dynamics,
including
membrane
fusion,
distribution,
interaction
with
other
organelles.
Emerging
evidence
has
revealed
insight
into
role
Mfns
germ
development,
well
high
incidence
reproductive
diseases
such
asthenospermia,
polycystic
ovary
syndrome,
gestational
diabetes
mellitus.
Here,
we
describe
mechanisms
focusing
particularly
on
regulation
fertility,
spermatogenesis,
oocyte
maturation,
development.
We
also
highlight
certain
associated
potential
therapeutic
targets.
Current Zoology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
10(1)
Published: Jan. 1, 2024
Abstract
Environmentally
induced
epigenetic
transgenerational
inheritance
of
phenotypic
variation
and
disease
susceptibility
requires
the
germ
cell
(sperm
or
egg)
transmission
integrated
mechanisms
involving
DNA
methylation,
histone
modifications,
non-coding
RNA
(ncRNA)
actions.
Previous
studies
have
demonstrated
that
exposure
disease-specific
differential
methylation
regions
(DMRs)
in
sperm
are
observed
ncRNA-mediated
occurs.
The
current
study
was
designed
to
determine
if
exposure-specific
ncRNAs
exist
sperm.
Specifically,
toxicants
with
distinct
action
including
fungicide
vinclozolin
(anti-androgenic),
pesticide
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(estrogenic),
herbicide
atrazine
(endocrine
disruptor
at
cyclic
adenosine
monophosphate
level),
hydrocarbon
mixture
jet
fuel
(JP8)
(aryl
receptor
disruptor)
were
used
promote
phenotypes
F3
generation
outbred
rats.
New
aliquots
sperm,
previously
collected
for
analyses,
ncRNA
sequencing
analyses
nuclear
RNA.
Significant
changes
each
lineage.
majority
small
noncoding
RNAs
piwi-interacting
RNA,
tRNA-derived
RNAs,
microRNAs,
rRNA-derived
as
well
long
ncRNAs.
Although
there
some
overlap
among
different
classes
across
exposures,
differentially
expressed
no
overlapping
between
four
lineages
chromosomal
locations
gene
associations
identified
a
number
ncRNA.
Interestingly,
an
analysis
DMRs
populations
ncRNA,
but
large
population
non-overlapping
Observations
suggest
both
within
common
exposures.
lack
co-localization
many
suggests
distal
integration
mechanisms.
potential
use
toxicant
assessment
appears
feasible.
Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
41(2), P. 575 - 579
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Objective:
To
explore
the
influencing
factors
of
polyspermy
in
long-term
fertilization
during
vitro
(IVF)
with
antagonist
protocol.
Methods:
This
was
a
retrospective
case-control
study.
Patients
secondary
infertility
undergoing
assisted
reproductive
treatment
Department
Reproductive
Medicine
Maternity
&
Child
Care
Center
Qinhuangdao
between
January
2020
and
May
2023
were
selected.
Five
hundred
thirty-six
ovulation
induction
cycles
protocol
included
divided
into
control
group
(multiple
pronuclei(PN)
rate=
0%,
n=347)
PN:
2PN
≥20%,
n=189)
according
to
incidence
polyspermy.
The
general
data
embryonic
development
two
groups
statistically
analyzed.
Results:
There
no
significant
differences
male
age,
infertile
duration,
body
mass
index
(BMI),
basal
follicle-stimulating
hormone
(FSH)
level,
number
follicles
diameter
≥16mm,
total
dose
gonadotropin
(Gn),
Gn
stimulation
days,
sperm
concentration
(all
P>0.05).
Similarily
female
levels
estradiol
(E2),
LH,
progesterone
(P)
≥14
mm
on
human
chorionic
(hCG)
injection
day,
eggs
retrieved,
amount
Gn/egg,
(sperms/egg)
observed
P<0.05).
results
logistic
binary
regression
analysis
showed
that
level
LH
hCG
day
an
independent
risk
factor
for
Conclusion:
In
process
protocol,
appropriate
addition
can
improve
embryo
outcomes.
doi:
https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.2.9832
How
cite
this:
Shi
H,
Song
Q,
Liu
J,
Li
C,
R.
Influencing
Pak
J
Med
Sci.
2025;41(2):575-579.
is
Open
Access
article
distributed
under
terms
Creative
Commons
Attribution
License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),
which
permits
unrestricted
use,
distribution,
reproduction
any
medium,
provided
original
work
properly
cited.
Animal Biotechnology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
36(1)
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Variation
in
litter
size
(LS)
sheep
is
linked
to
genetic
factors,
including
the
Zona
pellucida-3
(ZP3)
gene,
which
plays
a
role
ovine
reproductive
processes.
This
study
examined
association
between
ZP3
gene
variations
and
LS
Kari
sheep.
Two
groups
of
160
ewes
were
analysed:
one
consistently
producing
singletons
another
twins,
with
occasional
triplets.
Additionally,
Madakhlasht
sheep,
sometimes
produce
Balkhi
only
singletons,
used
as
references.
The
entire
was
amplified
using
PCR
sequenced
at
30×
Next
Generation
Sequencing.
Bioinformatics
analysis
identified
70
variants
across
three
breeds,
located
upstream
regions,
introns,
exons.
Notably,
two
point
mutations
six-nucleotide
insertion
found
initiation
codon
twin-producing
ewes,
potentially
affecting
expression
LS.
missense
(I101L
exon
1
R408H
8)
heterozygous
but
homozygous
other
groups,
correlating
Protein
modelling
suggested
that
I101L
mutation
alters
binding
site,
impacting
protein
function.
These
findings
indicate
influence
efficiency
specific
serving
potential
markers
for
selective
breeding
enhance
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10
Published: Jan. 27, 2022
The
process
of
gene
duplication
followed
by
loss
or
evolution
new
functions
has
been
studied
extensively,
yet
the
role
plays
in
function
and
fertilization
proteins
is
underappreciated.
Gene
observed
many
protein
families
including
Izumo,
DCST,
ZP,
TFP
superfamily.
Molecules
mediating
are
part
larger
expressed
a
variety
tissues,
but
structural
modifications
often
facilitated
their
cooption
into
function.
Repeat
expansions
functional
domains
within
also
provide
opportunities
for
novel
protein.
ZP
with
domain
repeat
linked
to
species-specificity
that
experienced
duplications
were
coopted
sperm
This
review
outlines
importance
proteins.
Communications Biology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
5(1)
Published: Sept. 17, 2022
Abstract
SPACA6
is
a
sperm-expressed
surface
protein
that
critical
for
gamete
fusion
during
mammalian
sexual
reproduction.
Despite
this
fundamental
role,
little
known
about
how
specifically
functions.
We
elucidated
the
crystal
structure
of
ectodomain
at
2.2-Å
resolution,
revealing
two-domain
containing
four-helix
bundle
and
Ig-like
β-sandwich
connected
via
quasi-flexible
linker.
This
reminiscent
IZUMO1,
another
fusion-associated
protein,
making
IZUMO1
founding
members
superfamily
fertilization-associated
proteins,
herein
dubbed
IST
superfamily.
The
defined
structurally
by
its
distorted
pair
disulfide-bonded
CXXC
motifs.
A
structure-based
search
AlphaFold
human
proteome
identified
more
to
superfamily;
remarkably,
many
these
proteins
are
linked
fusion.
connection
other
IST-superfamily
provide
missing
link
in
our
knowledge
