Reactive astrocyte nomenclature, definitions, and future directions

Nature Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 24(3), P. 312 - 325

Published: Feb. 15, 2021

Language: Английский

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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (second edition)

European Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 49(10), P. 1457 - 1973

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

These guidelines are a consensus work of considerable number members the immunology and flow cytometry community. They provide theory key practical aspects enabling immunologists to avoid common errors that often undermine immunological data. Notably, there comprehensive sections all major immune cell types with helpful Tables detailing phenotypes in murine human cells. The latest techniques applications also described, featuring examples data can be generated and, importantly, how analysed. Furthermore, tips, tricks pitfalls avoid, written peer-reviewed by leading experts field, making this an essential research companion.

Language: Английский

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Neuroinflammation and depression: A review

European Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 53(1), P. 151 - 171

Published: March 9, 2020

Abstract Some recent clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key factor interacts with the three neurobiological correlates of major depressive disorder: depletion brain serotonin, dysregulation hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis alteration continuous production adult‐generated neurons in dentate gyrus hippocampus. This review discusses main players immunity as well how inflammation above mechanisms. It reported kynurenine (KYN) pathway favour its excitotoxic component HPA have common effect increasing extracellular glutamate levels neurotransmission, which can impact hippocampal neurogenesis. pathophysiological cascade appears to be triggered or sustained reinforced by any chronic inflammatory condition involving increased circulating markers are able cross blood–brain barrier activate microglia; it also consequence primary neuroinflammation, such neurodegenerative disorders early manifestations frequently symptoms. Further data indicate microglial activation may result from direct stress on vascular function. The intricated dynamic crosstalk between other relevant depression add therapeutic target for future strategies disorder.

Language: Английский

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Blood GFAP as an emerging biomarker in brain and spinal cord disorders

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 158 - 172

Published: Feb. 3, 2022

Language: Английский

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Astrocytes and Microglia: In Sickness and in Health

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 43(3), P. 144 - 154

Published: Feb. 7, 2020

Language: Английский

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Guidelines for the use of flow cytometry and cell sorting in immunological studies (third edition)

European Journal of Immunology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 51(12), P. 2708 - 3145

Published: Dec. 1, 2021

Abstract The third edition of Flow Cytometry Guidelines provides the key aspects to consider when performing flow cytometry experiments and includes comprehensive sections describing phenotypes functional assays all major human murine immune cell subsets. Notably, contain helpful tables highlighting differences between cells. Another useful feature this is analysis clinical samples with examples applications in context autoimmune diseases, cancers as well acute chronic infectious diseases. Furthermore, there are detailing tips, tricks pitfalls avoid. All written peer‐reviewed by leading experts immunologists, making an essential state‐of‐the‐art handbook for basic researchers.

Language: Английский

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Immune cell regulation of glia during CNS injury and disease

Nature reviews. Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. 139 - 152

Published: Feb. 10, 2020

Language: Английский

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Functional roles of reactive astrocytes in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 395 - 409

Published: June 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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Questions and (some) answers on reactive astrocytes

Glia, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 67(12), P. 2221 - 2247

Published: Aug. 19, 2019

Abstract Astrocytes are key cellular partners for neurons in the central nervous system. react to virtually all types of pathological alterations brain homeostasis by significant morphological and molecular changes. This response was classically viewed as stereotypical is called astrogliosis or astrocyte reactivity. It long considered a nonspecific, secondary reaction conditions, offering no clues on disease‐causing mechanisms with little therapeutic value. However, many studies over last 30 years have underlined crucial active roles played astrocytes physiology, ranging from metabolic support, synapse maturation, pruning fine regulation synaptic transmission. prompted researchers explore how these new functions were changed disease, they reported them (sometimes beneficial, mostly deleterious). More recently, cell‐specific transcriptomics revealed that undergo massive changes gene expression when become reactive. observation further stressed reactive may be very different normal, nonreactive could influence disease outcomes. To make picture even more complex, both normal shown molecularly functionally heterogeneous. Very known about specific each subtype play contexts. In this review, we interrogated field identify discuss points consensus controversies astrocytes, starting their name. We then present emerging knowledge cells future challenges field.

Language: Английский

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Knockout of reactive astrocyte activating factors slows disease progression in an ALS mouse model

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: July 27, 2020

Abstract Reactive astrocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including a non-cell autonomous effect on motor neuron survival ALS. We previously defined mechanism by which microglia release three factors, IL-1α, TNFα, and C1q, to induce neurotoxic astrocytes. Here we report that knocking out these factors markedly extends SOD1 G93A ALS mouse model, providing evidence for gliosis as potential therapeutic target.

Language: Английский

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