Respiratory mucosal immunity against SARS-CoV-2 after mRNA vaccination

Science Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(76)

Published: July 19, 2022

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces robust humoral and cellular immunity in the circulation; however, it is currently unknown whether elicits effective immune responses respiratory tract, particularly against variants of concern (VOCs), including Omicron. We compared S-specific total neutralizing antibody responses, B T cell immunity, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) blood COVID-19-vaccinated individuals hospitalized patients. Vaccinated had significantly lower levels D614G, Delta (B.1.617.2), Omicron BA.1.1 BAL with COVID-19 convalescents despite blood. Furthermore, induced circulating but contrast to convalescents, these were absent vaccinated individuals. Using a mouse immunization model, we demonstrated that systemic alone weak mucosal especially mice; combination plus adenovirus-S strong not only ancestral virus also variant. Together, our study supports contention current vaccines are highly severe disease development, likely through recruiting during reinfection, offer limited protection breakthrough infection, by sublineage. Hence, booster needed establish sterilizing tract SARS-CoV-2, infection sublineage future VOCs.

Language: Английский

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Imprinted antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(6620), P. 619 - 627

Published: Oct. 20, 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron sublineages carry distinct spike mutations resulting in escape from antibodies induced by previous infection or vaccination. We show that hybrid immunity vaccine boosters elicit plasma-neutralizing against BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.12.1, and BA.4/5, breakthrough infections, but not vaccination alone, induce neutralizing the nasal mucosa. Consistent with immunological imprinting, most derived memory B cells plasma of cases cross-react Wuhan-Hu-1, BA.4/5 receptor-binding domains, whereas primary infections narrow specificity up to 6 months after infection. Although clinical have reduced neutralization Omicron, we identified an ultrapotent pan-variant–neutralizing antibody is a strong candidate for development.

Language: Английский

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T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2

Annual Review of Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 343 - 373

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

A large body of evidence generated in the last two and a half years addresses roles T cells SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination. Infection or vaccination induces multi-epitope CD4 CD8 cell responses with polyfunctionality. Early have been associated mild COVID-19 outcomes. In concert animal model data, these results suggest that while antibody are key to prevent infection, may also play valuable reducing disease severity controlling infection. memory after is sustained for at least six months. While neutralizing impacted by variants, most preserved. This review highlights extensive progress made, data knowledge gaps remain, our understanding vaccines.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in the changing landscape of the COVID-19 pandemic

Immunity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 55(10), P. 1764 - 1778

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection induces rapid memory and de novo T cell responses

Immunity, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 56(4), P. 879 - 892.e4

Published: March 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: scientific gaps and opportunities—workshop report

npj Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: April 12, 2023

On November 7th and 8th, 2022, The National Institute of Allergy Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part the Institutes Health (NIH), Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovation (CEPI), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF), Biomedical Advanced Research Development Authority (BARDA), Wellcome Trust hosted a virtual workshop entitled "Mucosal Vaccines SARS-CoV-2: Scientific Gaps Opportunities." During workshop, researchers vaccine developers from around world discussed potential mucosal vaccines to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission reviewed status research. Here, we summarize key challenges opportunities in basic, translational, clinical research that were highlighted during meeting. We also provide recommendations advance field accelerate development SARS-CoV-2.

Language: Английский

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Prior vaccination promotes early activation of memory T cells and enhances immune responses during SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(10), P. 1711 - 1724

Published: Sept. 21, 2023

Language: Английский

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Human circulating and tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells

Nature Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(7), P. 1076 - 1086

Published: June 22, 2023

Language: Английский

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Mucosal vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: triumph of hope over experience

EBioMedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 92, P. 104585 - 104585

Published: May 3, 2023

Currently approved COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally induce robust systemic humoral and cellular responses. While highly effective against severe disease, there is reduced effectiveness of these in preventing breakthrough infection and/or onward transmission, likely due to poor immunity elicited at the respiratory mucosa. As such, has been considerable interest developing novel mucosal that engenders more localised immune responses provide better protection recall site virus entry, contrast traditional vaccine approaches focus on immunity. In this review, we explore adaptive components immunity, evaluate epidemiological studies dissect if conferred by parenteral vaccination or drives differential efficacy acquisition discuss undergoing clinical trials assess key challenges prospects for development.

Language: Английский

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Immunological memory diversity in the human upper airway

Nature, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 632(8025), P. 630 - 636

Published: July 31, 2024

Language: Английский

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