Light pollution is a driver of insect declines

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 241, P. 108259 - 108259

Published: Nov. 16, 2019

Language: Английский

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11 Pressing Research Questions on How Light Pollution Affects Biodiversity

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Dec. 8, 2021

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is closely associated with modern societies and rapidly increasing worldwide. A dynamically growing body of literature shows that ALAN poses a serious threat to all levels biodiversity—from genes ecosystems. Many “unknowns” remain be addressed however, before we fully understand the impact on biodiversity can design effective mitigation measures. Here, distilled findings workshop effects first World Biodiversity Forum in Davos attended by several major research groups field from across globe. We argue 11 pressing questions have answered find ways reduce biodiversity. The address fundamental knowledge gaps, ranging basic challenges how standardize measurements, through multi-level impacts biodiversity, opportunities for more sustainable use.

Language: Английский

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A roadmap for survey designs in terrestrial acoustic monitoring

Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 6(3), P. 220 - 235

Published: Nov. 13, 2019

Abstract Passive acoustic monitoring ( PAM ) is increasingly popular in ecological research and conservation programs, with high‐volume long‐term data collection provided by automatized sensors offering unprecedented opportunities for faunal ecosystem surveys. Practitioners newcomers interested can easily find technical specifications microphones, but guidelines on how to plan survey designs are largely scattered over the literature. Here, we (i) review spatial temporal sampling used passive monitoring, (ii) provide a synthesis of crucial aspects design (iii) propose workflow optimize recording autonomy schedules. From 1992 2018, most 460 studies applying terrestrial environments have single recorder per site, covered broad scales rotated recorders between sites effort. Continuous specific diel periods was main procedure used. When schedules were applied, larger number recordings hour generally associated smaller length. For design, proposed estimate memory/battery costs, assess signal detectability order recover maximum biological information evaluate cost‐benefit scenarios effort budget address potential biases from given design. Establishing standards will improve quality inferences scope promote essential standardization cross‐scale understand biodiversity trends changing world.

Language: Английский

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Trends and knowledge gaps in field research investigating effects of anthropogenic noise

Conservation Biology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 35(1), P. 115 - 129

Published: April 11, 2020

Abstract Anthropogenic noise is a globally widespread sensory pollutant, recognized as having potentially adverse effects on function, demography, and physiology in wild animals. Human population growth associated changes urbanization, transportation, resource extraction all contribute to anthropogenic are predicted increase the coming decades. Wildlife exposure expected rise correspondingly. Data collected through field research uniquely important advancing understanding of real‐world repercussions human activity wildlife. We, therefore, performed systematic review literature published from 2008 2018 that reported investigations impacts. We evaluated publication metrics (e.g., rates journal type), geographical distribution studies, study subject, methods used. Research increased markedly over assessment period. However, there was pronounced bias research, with most being conducted North America or Europe, notable focus terrestrial environments. Fewer than one‐fifth studies were located rural areas likely experience urbanization by 2030, meaning data ecosystems be affected future not gathered. There also taxonomic groups investigated. Most birds aquatic mammals, whereas reptiles, amphibians, fish, invertebrates received limited attention. Almost examined diurnal species, despite evidence nocturnality prevailing animal pattern. Nearly half investigated road urban noise; bulk restricted functional, rather physiological demographic consequences. Few experimental addressed long‐term postexposure effects, multiple types levels rarely compared. Tackling these knowledge gaps will vital for successful management increasing wildlife noise.

Language: Английский

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Diel niche variation in mammals associated with expanded trait space

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: March 19, 2021

Abstract Mammalian life shows huge diversity, but most groups remain nocturnal in their activity pattern. A key unresolved question is whether mammal species that have diversified into different diel niches occupy unique regions of functional trait space. For 5,104 extant mammals we show here daytime-active (cathemeral or diurnal) evolved combinations along gradients from those and crepuscular species. Hypervolumes five major traits (body mass, litter size, diet, foraging strata, habitat breadth) reveal 30% diurnal space unique, compared to 55% Almost half (44%) with apparently obligate shared can switch, suggesting more than currently realised may be somewhat flexible patterns. Increasingly, conservation measures focused on protecting functionally species; for mammals, distinctiveness requires a focus across niches.

Language: Английский

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Environmental Impacts of Artificial Light at Night

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 373 - 398

Published: June 15, 2022

The nighttime is undergoing unprecedented change across much of the world, with natural light cycles altered by introduction artificial emissions. Here we review extent and dynamics at night (ALAN), benefits that ALAN provides, environmental costs creates, approaches to mitigating these negative effects, how are likely in future. We particularly highlight consequences increasingly widespread use light-emitting diode (LED) technology for new lighting installations retrofit pre-existing ones. Although this has been characterized as a technological revolution, it also constitutes revolution impacts ALAN, because LEDs commonly used outdoor have significant emissions blue wavelengths which many biological responses sensitive. It clear very different approach required.

Language: Английский

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Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: March 30, 2022

Time is a fundamental component of ecological processes. How animal behavior changes over time has been explored through well-known theories like niche partitioning and predator-prey dynamics. Yet, in within the shorter 24-hr light-dark cycle have largely gone unstudied. Understanding if an can adjust their temporal activity to mitigate or adapt environmental change become recent topic discussion important for effective wildlife management conservation. While spatial habitat consideration conservation, often ignored. We formulated resource selection model quantify diel 8 mammal species across 10 US cities. found high variability patterns among species-specific correlations between human population density, impervious land cover, available greenspace, vegetation mean daily temperature. also that some may modulate behaviors manage both natural anthropogenic risks. Our results highlight complexity with which interact local characteristics, suggest urban mammals use along reduce risk, adapt, therefore persist, cases thrive, human-dominated ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Species sensitivities to artificial light at night: A phylogenetically controlled multilevel meta‐analysis on melatonin suppression

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

The rapid urbanization of our world has led to a surge in artificial lighting at night (ALAN), with profound effects on wildlife. Previous research wildlife's melatonin, crucial mechanistic indicator and mediator, yielded inconclusive evidence due lack comparative analysis. We compiled analysed an base including 127 experiments 437 observations across 31 wild vertebrates using phylogenetically controlled multilevel meta-analytic models. comes mainly from the white light melatonin suppression birds mammals. show 36% average decrease secretion response ALAN diverse range species. This effect was observed for central peripheral diurnal nocturnal species, captive free-living populations. also reveal intensity-, wavelength-, timing-dependent patterns effects. Exposure 23% rise inter-individual variability suppression, important implications natural selection vertebrates, as some individuals may display higher tolerance ALAN. cross-species strong conservation populations that are subject recommend measures mitigate harmful impacts ALAN, such 'smart' systems tune spectra less compositions.

Language: Английский

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A model‐based hypothesis framework to define and estimate the diel niche via the ‘Diel.Niche’ R package

Journal of Animal Ecology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 93(2), P. 132 - 146

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

How animals use the diel period (24-h light-dark cycle) is of fundamental importance to understand their niche. While ecological and evolutionary literature abound with discussion phenotypes (e.g. diurnal, nocturnal, crepuscular, cathemeral), they lack clear explicit quantitative definitions. As such, inference can be confounded when evaluating hypotheses animal niche switching or plasticity across studies because researchers may operating under different definitions phenotypes. We propose using four alternative hypothesis sets (maximizing, traditional, general selection) aimed at achieving objectives. Each set composed mutually exclusive defined based on activity probabilities in three periods light availability (twilight, daytime night-time). develop a Bayesian modelling framework that compares phenotype Bayes factors estimates model parameters multinomial linear inequality constraints. Model comparison, parameter estimation visualizing results done Diel.Niche R package. A simplified Shiny web application also available. provide extensive simulation guide power discriminate among for range sample sizes (10-1280). work through several examples data make inferences activity, include online vignettes how demonstrate our complements other analyses, such as circular kernel density estimators movement modelling. Our aim encourage standardization language bridge conceptual frameworks research models. Lastly, we hope more focuses conservation understanding time.

Language: Английский

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Global meta-analysis reveals overall higher nocturnal than diurnal activity in insect communities

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: April 15, 2024

Abstract Insects sustain key ecosystem functions, but how their activity varies across the day–night cycle and underlying drivers are poorly understood. Although entomologists generally expect that more insects active at night, this notion has not been tested with empirical data global scale. Here, we assemble 331 quantitative comparisons of abundances between day night periods from 78 studies worldwide use multi-level meta-analytical models to show insect is on average 31.4% (CI: −6.3%–84.3%) higher than in day. We reveal diel preferences major taxa, observe nocturnal aquatic taxa terrestrial ones, as well warmer environments. In a separate analysis small subset quantifying patterns taxonomic richness (31 13 studies), detect preliminary evidence tropical temperate communities. The overall (but variable) communities underscores need address threats such light pollution climate warming may disproportionately impact insects.

Language: Английский

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