Genome size variation and evolution during invasive range expansion in an introduced plant DOI Creative Commons
F. Alice Cang, Shana R. Welles, Jenny Wong

et al.

Evolutionary Applications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 17(1)

Published: Dec. 11, 2023

Abstract Plants demonstrate exceptional variation in genome size across species, and their sizes can also vary dramatically individuals populations within species. This aspect of genetic have consequences for traits fitness, but few studies attributed differentiation to ecological evolutionary processes. Biological invasions present particularly useful natural laboratories infer selective agents that might drive shifts environments population histories. Here, we test hypotheses the causes 14 invading yellow starthistle, Centaurea solstitialis , California, United States. We use a survey trait ask: (1) Is associated with developmental variation? (2) Are smaller toward leading edge expansion, consistent selection “colonizer” traits? Or alternatively, does increase predicted founder effects drift? (3) Finally, are at higher elevations, shorter development times? found 2C DNA content varied 1.21‐fold among all samples, was flowering time variation, such plants larger genomes reproduced later, lower lifetime capitula production. Genome increased invasion, tended decrease drift during range expansion potentially strong faster elevations. These results how contribute directly tied reproductive success, shape variation. highlight influence on dynamics underlying rapid highly problematic invasive plant.

Language: Английский

An integrated framework of plant form and function: the belowground perspective DOI
Alexandra Weigelt, Liesje Mommer, Karl Andraczek

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 232(1), P. 42 - 59

Published: July 2, 2021

Summary Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework form function. We developed tested an overarching conceptual that integrates two recently identified gradients with a well‐established framework. confronted novel published relationships between above‐ belowground analogues multivariate analyses 2510 species. Our represent leaf conservation (specific area, nitrogen concentration, tissue density), collaboration gradient (root diameter specific length) size (plant height rooting depth). found integrated, whole‐plant space required as much four axes. The main axes represented fast–slow ‘conservation’ which fine‐root were well aligned, ‘collaboration’ in roots. additional separate, orthogonal for depth. This perspective multidimensional nature better encompasses function influence surrounding environment.

Language: Английский

Citations

309
The Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution and the origins of modern biodiversity DOI
Michael J. Benton, Peter Wilf, Hervé Sauquet

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 233(5), P. 2017 - 2035

Published: Oct. 26, 2021

Summary Biodiversity today has the unusual property that 85% of plant and animal species live on land rather than in sea, half these tropical rainforests. An explosive boost to terrestrial diversity occurred from c . 100–50 million years ago, Late Cretaceous early Palaeogene. During this interval, Earth‐life system was reset, biosphere expanded a new level productivity, enhancing capacity environments. This biodiversity coincided with innovations flowering biology evolutionary ecology, including their flowers efficiencies reproduction; coevolution animals, especially pollinators herbivores; photosynthetic capacities; adaptability; ability modify habitats. The rise angiosperms triggered macroecological revolution drove modern secular, prolonged shift new, high levels, series processes we name here Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

214
The global distribution of angiosperm genome size is shaped by climate DOI Creative Commons
Petr Bureš, Tammy L. Elliott, Pavel Veselý

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(2), P. 744 - 759

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Angiosperms, which inhabit diverse environments across all continents, exhibit significant variation in genome sizes, making them an excellent model system for examining hypotheses about the global distribution of size. These include previously proposed large constraint, mutational hazard, polyploidy-mediated, and climate-mediated hypotheses. We compiled largest size dataset to date, encompassing 16 017 (> 5% known) angiosperm species, analyzed using a comprehensive geographic angiosperms. observed that angiosperms with range sizes generally had small genomes, supporting constraint hypothesis. Climate was shown exert strong influence on along latitudinal gradient, while frequency polyploidy type growth form negligible effects. In contrast unimodal patterns gradient by plant traits polyploid proportions, increase from equator 40-50°N/S is probably mediated different (mostly climatic) mechanisms than decrease 40 50°N northward. Our analysis suggests mainly shaped climatically purifying selection, genetic drift, relaxed environmental filtering.

Language: Английский

Citations

31
Repeat-sequence turnover shifts fundamentally in species with large genomes DOI
Petr Novák, Maïté S. Guignard, Pavel Neumann

et al.

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 6(11), P. 1325 - 1329

Published: Oct. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

Citations

125
When everything changes at once: finding a new normal after genome duplication DOI Creative Commons
Kirsten Bomblies

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 287(1939), P. 20202154 - 20202154

Published: Nov. 18, 2020

Whole-genome duplication (WGD), which leads to polyploidy, is implicated in adaptation and speciation. But what are the immediate effects of WGD how do newly polyploid lineages adapt them? With many studies new evolved polyploids now available, along with genes under selection polyploids, we an increasingly good position understand polyploidy generates novelty. Here, I will review consistent on biology plants, such as increase cell size, increased stress tolerance more. discuss a change something fundamental size can challenge function some types particular. also have learned about short- medium-term evolutionary response WGD. It clear that this may ‘lock in’ traits happen be beneficial, while other cases, it might more ‘emergency response’ work around physiological changes either deleterious, or cannot undone context. Yet, return rapidly diploid-like state. Polyploids may, by re-jigging inter-related processes, find new, conditionally adaptive, normal.

Language: Английский

Citations

121
Genome downsizing after polyploidy: mechanisms, rates and selection pressures DOI
Xiaotong Wang, Joseph A. Morton, Jaume Pellicer

et al.

The Plant Journal, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 107(4), P. 1003 - 1015

Published: June 2, 2021

SUMMARY An analysis of over 10 000 plant genome sizes (GSs) indicates that most species have smaller genomes than expected given the incidence polyploidy in their ancestries, suggesting selection for downsizing. However, comparing ancestral GS with suggests rate DNA loss following is likely to been very low (4–70 Mb/million years, 4–482 bp/generation). This poses a problem. How might such small losses be visible selection, overcome power genetic drift and drive downsizing? Here we explore problem, focussing on role double‐strand break (DSB) repair pathways (non‐homologous end joining homologous recombination) may played. We also two hypotheses could explain how favour downsizing polyploidy: reduce (i) nitrogen (N) phosphate (P) costs associated nucleic acid synthesis nucleus transcriptome (ii) impact scaling effects cell size, which influences CO 2 uptake water loss. hypothesis must fastest early polyploid generations. Alternatively, if more continuous process evolutionary time, then propose it byproduct elsewhere, as limiting damaging activity repetitive DNA. If so, photosynthesis, use efficiency and/or nutrient at level emergent properties, advantages, but not ones selected generational timescales.

Language: Английский

Citations

94
Combining whole-genome shotgun sequencing and rRNA gene amplicon analyses to improve detection of microbe–microbe interaction networks in plant leaves DOI Creative Commons
Julián Regalado, Derek S. Lundberg, Oliver Deusch

et al.

The ISME Journal, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 2116 - 2130

Published: May 13, 2020

Abstract Microorganisms from all domains of life establish associations with plants. Although some harm the plant, others antagonize pathogens or prime plant immune system, support acquisition nutrients, tune hormone levels, perform additional services. Most culture-independent microbiome research has focused on amplicon sequencing 16S rRNA gene and/or internal transcribed spacer (ITS) genomic loci, which show relative abundance microbes to each other. Here, we describe shotgun 275 wild Arabidopsis thaliana leaf microbiomes southwest Germany, bacterial and eukaryotic ITS1 data 176 these samples. Shotgun data, unlike capture ratio microbe DNA, enable scaling microbial read abundances reflect load host. In a more cost-effective hybrid strategy, they also allow similar overcome compositionality problems. Our plants were dominated by sequences, eukaryotes contributing only minority reads. Microbial membership showed weak both site origin genotype, highly confounded in this dataset. There was large variation among microbiomes, one extreme comprising samples low complexity high microorganisms typical infected plants, other being load. Critically, considering absolute led fundamentally different conclusions about assembly interaction networks major taxa.

Language: Английский

Citations

91
Maximum CO2diffusion inside leaves is limited by the scaling of cell size and genome size DOI Creative Commons
Guillaume Théroux‐Rancourt, Adam B. Roddy, J. Mason Earles

et al.

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 288(1945), P. 20203145 - 20203145

Published: Feb. 24, 2021

Maintaining high rates of photosynthesis in leaves requires efficient movement CO 2 from the atmosphere to mesophyll cells inside leaf where is converted into sugar. diffusion depends directly on structure and their surrounding airspace, which have been difficult characterize because inherently three-dimensional organization. Yet faster was probably critical elevating that occurred among angiosperm lineages. Here we surface area across vascular plants. We show genome size determines sizes packing densities all tissues smaller enable more be packed volume, facilitating higher diffusion. Measurements modelling revealed spongy layer better facilitates gaseous phase while palisade liquid-phase Our results demonstrate downsizing angiosperms restructuring entire pathway through leaf, maintaining supply despite declining atmospheric levels during Cretaceous.

Language: Английский

Citations

73
The Welwitschia genome reveals a unique biology underpinning extreme longevity in deserts DOI Creative Commons
Tao Wan, Zhiming Liu, Ilia J. Leitch

et al.

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: July 12, 2021

Abstract The gymnosperm Welwitschia mirabilis belongs to the ancient, enigmatic gnetophyte lineage. It is a unique desert plant with extreme longevity and two ever-elongating leaves. We present chromosome-level assembly of its genome (6.8 Gb/1 C) together methylome transcriptome data explore astonishing biology. also refined, high-quality Gnetum montanum enhance our understanding evolution. has been shaped by lineage-specific whole duplication (~86 million years ago) more recently (1-2 years) bursts retrotransposon activity. High levels cytosine methylation (particularly at CHH motifs) are associated retrotransposons, whilst long-term deamination resulted in an exceptionally GC-poor genome. Changes copy number and/or expression gene families transcription factors (e.g. R2R3MYB , SAUR ) controlling cell growth, differentiation metabolism underpin plant’s tolerance temperature, nutrient water stress.

Language: Английский

Citations

72
Exploring environmental selection on genome size in angiosperms DOI
Lubna Faizullah, Joseph A. Morton, Erika I. Hersch‐Green

et al.

Trends in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(10), P. 1039 - 1049

Published: July 1, 2021

Language: Английский

Citations

66