Frontiers in Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
7
Published: April 28, 2020
Prevention
of
secondary
damage
is
an
important
goal
in
the
treatment
severe
neurological
conditions,
such
as
major
head
trauma
or
stroke.
However,
there
currently
a
lack
non-invasive
methods
for
monitoring
cerebral
physiology.
Diffuse
optical
have
been
proposed
inexpensive,
bedside
monitor
capable
providing
neurophysiology
information
neurocritical
patients.
reliability
technique
to
provide
accurate
longitudinal
measurement
during
clinical
evolution
patient
remains
largely
unaddressed.
Here,
we
report
on
translation
hybrid
diffuse
system
combining
frequency
domain
spectroscopy
(FD-DOS)
and
correlation
(DCS)
real-time
physiology
neuro
intensive
care
unit
(neuro-ICU).
More
specifically,
present
case
study
admitted
with
high-grade
aneurysmal
subarachnoid
hemorrhage,
who
was
monitored
throughout
hospitalization.
We
show
that
neurophysiological
parameters
measured
by
optics
at
are
consistent
all
different
stages
following
its
brain
lesion.
These
data
support
DOS/DCS
useful
biomarker
neuro-ICU,
particularly
locations
where
other
resources
limited.
AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
318(3), P. R605 - R618
Published: Feb. 5, 2020
Reactive
hyperemia
is
a
well-established
technique
for
noninvasive
assessment
of
peripheral
microvascular
function
and
predictor
all-cause
cardiovascular
morbidity
mortality.
In
its
simplest
form,
reactive
represents
the
magnitude
limb
reperfusion
following
brief
period
ischemia
induced
by
arterial
occlusion.
Over
past
two
decades,
investigators
have
employed
variety
methods,
including
brachial
artery
velocity
Doppler
ultrasound,
tissue
near-infrared
spectroscopy,
distension
venous
occlusion
plethysmography,
tonometry,
to
measure
hyperemia.
Regardless
used
hyperemia,
blunted
believed
reflect
impaired
function.
With
advent
several
technological
advancements,
together
with
an
increased
interest
in
microcirculation,
becoming
more
common
as
research
tool
widely
across
multiple
disciplines.
this
mind,
we
sought
review
various
methodologies
commonly
assess
current
mechanistic
pathways
contribute
on
methodological
considerations.
Journal of Applied Physiology,
Journal Year:
2017,
Volume and Issue:
123(6), P. 1599 - 1609
Published: Oct. 5, 2017
We
employed
near-infrared
optical
techniques,
diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS),
and
frequency-domain
(FD-NIRS)
to
test
the
hypothesis
that
supervised
exercise
training
increases
skeletal
muscle
microvascular
blood
flow
oxygen
extraction
in
patients
with
peripheral
artery
disease
(PAD)
who
experience
claudication.
PAD
(
n
=
64)
were
randomly
assigned
control
groups.
Patients
group
received
3
mo
of
training.
Calf
optically
monitored
before,
during,
after
performance
a
graded
treadmill
protocol
at
baseline
both
Additionally,
measurements
ankle-brachial
index
(ABI)
peak
walking
time
(PWT)
maximal
claudication
made
during
each
patient
visit.
Supervised
was
found
increase
calf
levels
by
29%
(13%,
50%)
8%
(1%,
12%),
respectively
[
P
<
0.001;
median
(25th
percentile,
75th
percentile)].
These
improvements
across
population
significantly
higher
than
corresponding
changes
0.004).
Exercise
also
increased
PWT
49%
(18%,
101%)
0.01).
However,
within
statistical
error,
ABI,
resting
extraction,
recovery
half-time
for
hemoglobin\myoglobin
desaturation
following
cessation
not
altered
The
concurrent
monitoring
hybrid
DCS/FD-NIRS
instrument
revealed
enhanced
oxidative
metabolism
physical
activity
from
training,
which
could
be
an
underlying
mechanism
observed
improvement
PWT.
NEW
&
NOTEWORTHY
report
on
noninvasive
dynamics
before/during/after
tracked
effects
3-mo
improved
ability
activity.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
5(04), P. 1 - 1
Published: Nov. 23, 2018
We
investigate
a
scheme
for
noninvasive
continuous
monitoring
of
absolute
cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF)
in
adult
human
patients
based
on
combination
time-resolved
dynamic
contrast-enhanced
near-infrared
spectroscopy
(DCE-NIRS)
and
diffuse
correlation
(DCS)
with
semi-infinite
head
model
photon
propogation.
Continuous
CBF
is
obtained
via
calibration
the
DCS
index
(BFI)
by
intermittent
intravenous
injections
optical
contrast
agent
indocyanine
green.
A
coefficient
(γ)
thus
determined,
permitting
conversion
BFI
to
units
at
all
other
times.
study
acute
brain
injury
(N
=
7)
carried
out
ascertain
stability
γ.
The
patient-averaged
across
multiple
days
was
good
agreement
between
two
coefficients
measured
different
times
during
single
found.
1.24
×
109
(
mL
/
100
g
min
)
cm2
s
applied
previously
from
similar
brain-injured
patients;
this
case,
underestimated
compared
XeCT,
an
effect
we
show
primarily
due
use
homogeneous
models
head.
Neurophotonics,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8(01)
Published: Jan. 1, 2021
Significance:
Contamination
of
diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS)
measurements
cerebral
blood
flow
(CBF)
due
to
systemic
physiology
remains
a
significant
challenge
in
the
clinical
translation
DCS
for
neuromonitoring.
Tunable,
multi-layer
Monte
Carlo-based
(MC)
light
transport
models
have
potential
remove
extracerebral
cross-talk
index
(
CBFi
)
estimates.
Aim:
We
explore
effectiveness
MC
recovering
accurate
changes
presence
strong
variations
during
hypercapnia
maneuver.
Approach:
Multi-layer
slab
and
head-like
realistic
(curved)
geometries
were
used
run
simulations
photon
propagation
through
head.
The
simulation
data
post-processed
into
with
variable
thicknesses
fit
multi-distance
intensity
autocorrelation
estimate
timecourses.
results
values
from
set
human
subject
sessions
compared
estimated
using
semi-infinite
analytical
model,
as
commonly
field.
Results:
Group
averages
indicate
gradual
increase
following
different
temporal
profile
versus
expected
rapid
CBF
response.
Optimized
models,
guided
by
several
intrinsic
criteria
pressure
modulation
maneuver,
able
more
effectively
separate
scalp
influence
than
fitting,
which
assumed
homogeneous
medium.
Three-layer
performed
better
two-layer
ones;
curved
achieved
largely
similar
results,
though
closer
physiological
layer
thicknesses.
Conclusion:
Three-layer,
adjustable
can
be
useful
separating
distinct
brain
flow.
Pressure
modulation,
along
reasonable
estimates
parameters,
help
direct
choice
appropriate
models.
Journal of Biomedical Optics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
27(08)
Published: Aug. 1, 2022
Significance:
Measurement
and
imaging
of
hemoglobin
oxygenation
are
used
extensively
in
the
detection
diagnosis
disease;
however,
applied
instruments
vary
widely
their
depth
imaging,
spatiotemporal
resolution,
sensitivity,
accuracy,
complexity,
physical
size,
cost.
The
wide
variation
available
instrumentation
can
make
it
challenging
for
end
users
to
select
appropriate
tools
application
understand
relative
limitations
different
methods.Aim:
We
aim
provide
a
systematic
overview
field
sensing.Approach:
reviewed
sensing
methods
analyze
oxygenation,
including
pulse
oximetry,
spectral
reflectance
diffuse
optical
spectroscopic
coherence
tomography,
photoacoustic
correlation
spectroscopy.Results:
compared
contrasted
ability
determine
biomarkers
such
as
while
considering
factors
that
influence
practical
application.Conclusions:
highlight
key
current
state-of-the-art
suggestions
routes
advance
clinical
use
interpretation
information.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: May 31, 2023
Diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS)
is
an
optical
technique
that
can
be
used
to
characterize
blood
flow
in
tissue.
The
measurement
of
cerebral
hemodynamics
has
arisen
as
a
promising
use
case
for
DCS,
though
traditional
implementations
DCS
exhibit
suboptimal
signal-to-noise
ratio
(SNR)
and
sensitivity
make
robust
measurements
adults.
In
this
work,
we
present
long
wavelength,
interferometric
(LW-iDCS),
which
combines
the
longer
illumination
wavelength
(1064
nm),
multi-speckle,
detection,
improve
both
SNR.
Through
direct
comparison
with
based
on
superconducting
nanowire
single
photon
detectors,
demonstrate
approximate
5×
improvement
SNR
over
channel
LW-DCS
measured
signals
human
subjects.
We
show
equivalence
extracted
between
LW-iDCS,
feasibility
LW-iDCS
at
100
Hz
source-detector
separation
3.5
cm.
This
performance
potential
enable
unlock
novel
cases
diffuse
spectroscopy.
NeuroImage,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
298, P. 120793 - 120793
Published: Aug. 15, 2024
Diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS)
is
a
powerful
tool
for
assessing
microvascular
hemodynamic
in
deep
tissues.
Recent
advances
sensors,
lasers,
and
learning
have
further
boosted
the
development
of
new
DCS
methods.
However,
newcomers
might
feel
overwhelmed,
not
only
by
already-complex
theoretical
framework
but
also
broad
range
component
options
system
architectures.
To
facilitate
entry
to
this
exciting
field,
we
present
comprehensive
review
hardware
architectures
(continuous-wave,
frequency-domain,
time-domain)
summarize
corresponding
models.
Further,
discuss
applications
highly
integrated
silicon
single-photon
avalanche
diode
(SPAD)
sensors
DCS,
compare
SPADs
with
existing
other
components
(lasers,
correlators),
as
well
data
analysis
tools,
including
learning.
Potential
medical
diagnosis
are
discussed
an
outlook
future
directions
provided,
offer
effective
guidance
embark
on
research.
Journal of Biomedical Optics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
25(09)
Published: Sept. 30, 2020
Significance:
The
use
of
diffuse
correlation
spectroscopy
(DCS)
has
shown
efficacy
in
research
studies
as
a
technique
capable
noninvasively
monitoring
blood
flow
tissue
with
applications
neuromonitoring,
exercise
science,
and
breast
cancer
management.
ability
DCS
to
resolve
these
tissues
is
related
the
optical
sensitivity
signal-to-noise
ratio
(SNR)
measurements,
which
some
cases,
particularly
adult
cerebral
inadequate
significant
portion
population.
Improvements
SNR
could
allow
for
greater
clinical
translation
this
technique.
Aim:
Interferometric
(iDCS)
was
characterized
compared
traditional
homodyne
determine
possible
benefits
utilizing
heterodyne
detection.
Approach:
An
iDCS
system
constructed
by
modifying
fused
fiber
couplers
create
Mach–Zehnder
interferometer.
Comparisons
between
detection
were
performed
using
an
intralipid
phantom
at
two
extended
source–detector
separations
(2.4,
3.6
cm),
different
photon
count
rates,
range
reference
arm
power
levels.
Characterization
signal
mixing
theory.
Precision
estimation
diffusion
coefficient
autocorrelation
curve
measurement
conditions
that
mimicked
what
would
be
seen
vivo.
Results:
mixture
signals
present
function
found
agree
derived
theory
resulted
accurate
phantom.
Improvement
up
∼2
×
80%
reduction
variability
fit
observed
all
cases
increased
power.
Conclusions:
potential
improve
characterization
separations,
enhancing
depth
SNR.