New Particle Formation in the Atmosphere: From Molecular Clusters to Global Climate

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 124(13), P. 7098 - 7146

Published: June 25, 2019

Abstract New particle formation (NPF) represents the first step in complex processes leading to of cloud condensation nuclei. Newly formed nanoparticles affect human health, air quality, weather, and climate. This review provides a brief history, synthesizes recent significant progresses, outlines challenges future directions for research relevant NPF. developments include emergence state‐of‐the‐art instruments that measure prenucleation clusters newly nucleated down about 1 nm; systematic laboratory studies multicomponent nucleation systems, including collaborative experiments conducted Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at CERN; observations NPF different types forests, extremely polluted urban locations, coastal sites, polar regions, high‐elevation sites; improved theories parameterizations account atmospheric models. The lack understanding fundamental chemical mechanisms responsible aerosol growth under diverse environments, effects SO 2 NO x on NPF, contribution anthropogenic organic compounds It is also critical develop can detect composition particles from 3 20 nm improve represent over wide range conditions precursor, temperature, humidity.

Language: Английский

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Seasonal Characteristics of New Particle Formation and Growth in Urban Beijing

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 54(14), P. 8547 - 8557

Published: July 1, 2020

Understanding the atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) process within global range is important for revealing budget of aerosols and their impacts. We investigated seasonal characteristics NPF in urban environment Beijing. Aerosol size distributions down to ∼1 nm H2SO4 concentration were measured during 2018–2019. The observed rate 1.5 particles (J1.5) significantly higher than those clean environment, e.g., Hyytiälä, whereas growth not different. Both J1.5 frequency Beijing show a clear variation with maxima winter minima summer, while rates are generally same around year. that ambient temperature governing factor driving J1.5. In contrast, condensation sink daily maximum no significant periods. all four seasons, (H2SO4)n(amine)n clusters contributes sub-3 range, it less above 3 nm. Therefore, other species always needed larger particles.

Language: Английский

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What caused severe air pollution episode of November 2016 in New Delhi?

Atmospheric Environment, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 222, P. 117125 - 117125

Published: Nov. 9, 2019

Language: Английский

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Atmospheric new particle formation in China

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. 115 - 138

Published: Jan. 4, 2019

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) studies in China were summarized comprehensively this paper. NPF frequency, rate, and growth rate closely compared among the observations carried out at different types of sites regions seasons, with aim exploring nucleation mechanisms. The interactions between air pollution are discussed, emphasizing properties under heavy conditions. current understanding cannot fully explain frequent occurrence high aerosol loadings China, possible reasons for phenomenon proposed. effects some aspects research requiring further investigation also

Language: Английский

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The Synergistic Role of Sulfuric Acid, Bases, and Oxidized Organics Governing New‐Particle Formation in Beijing

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 48(7)

Published: March 22, 2021

Abstract Intense and frequent new particle formation (NPF) events have been observed in polluted urban environments, yet the dominant mechanisms are still under debate. To understand key species governing processes of NPF we conducted comprehensive measurements downtown Beijing during January–March, 2018. We performed detailed analyses on sulfuric acid cluster composition budget, as well chemical physical properties oxidized organic molecules (OOMs). Our results demonstrate that fast clustering (H 2 SO 4 ) base triggered events, OOMs further helped grow newly formed particles toward climate‐ health‐relevant sizes. This synergistic role H , species, is likely representative environments where abundant usually co‐exist, with moderately low volatility when produced high NO x concentrations.

Language: Английский

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The hemispheric contrast in cloud microphysical properties constrains aerosol forcing

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(32), P. 18998 - 19006

Published: July 27, 2020

Significance Enhancement of aerosol that can nucleate cloud droplets increases the droplet number concentration and albedo clouds. This amount sunlight reflected to space. Uncertainty in how aerosol−cloud interactions over industrial period have increased planetary by this mechanism leads significant uncertainty climate projections. Our work presents a method for observationally constraining change due anthropogenic emissions: hemispheric difference remotely sensed between pristine Southern Ocean (a preindustrial proxy) polluted Northern Hemisphere. Application constraint models reduces range estimated since industrialization suggests current underpredict era.

Language: Английский

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Sulfuric acid–amine nucleation in urban Beijing

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 2457 - 2468

Published: Feb. 18, 2021

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) is one of the major sources atmospheric ultrafine particles. Due to high aerosol and trace gas concentrations, mechanism governing factors for NPF in polluted boundary layer may be quite different from those clean environments, which however less understood. Herein, based on long-term measurements January 2018 March 2019 Beijing, nucleation influences H2SO4 concentration, amine concentration are quantified. The collision H2SO4–amine clusters found dominating initialize urban Beijing. coagulation scavenging due a factor as it limits new rates. Beijing sometimes limited by low concentrations. Summarizing synergistic effects we elucidate various conditions.

Language: Английский

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Organic Peroxides in Aerosol: Key Reactive Intermediates for Multiphase Processes in the Atmosphere

Chemical Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 123(4), P. 1635 - 1679

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Organic peroxides (POs) are organic molecules with one or more peroxide (−O–O−) functional groups. POs commonly regarded as chemically labile termination products from gas-phase radical chemistry and therefore serve temporary reservoirs for oxidative radicals (HOx ROx) in the atmosphere. Owing to their ubiquity, active gas-particle partitioning behavior, reactivity, key reactive intermediates atmospheric multiphase processes determining life cycle (formation, growth, aging), climate, health impacts of aerosol. However, there remain substantial gaps origin, molecular diversity, fate due complex nature dynamic behavior. Here, we summarize current understanding on POs, a focus identification quantification, state-of-the-art analytical developments, molecular-level formation mechanisms, chemical transformation pathways, well environmental impacts. We find that interactions SO2 transition metal ions generally fast PO pathways liquid water, lifetimes estimated be minutes hours, while hydrolysis is particularly important α-substituted hydroperoxides. Meanwhile, photolysis thermolysis likely minor sinks POs. These distinctly different fates, such reaction OH radicals, which highlights need understand By summarizing advances remaining challenges investigation propose future research priorities regarding fate,

Language: Английский

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Ultrafine particles: A review about their health effects, presence, generation, and measurement in indoor environments

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 216, P. 108992 - 108992

Published: March 19, 2022

Human exposure to aerosols has been associated with diseases and death, reducing the population's life expectancy up a few years. Indoor particulate matter is predominant in determining human PM because people spend most of their time indoors. Ultrafine particles (UFP) impact body differently from PM2.5 or PM10 fractions. Therefore, scientists cannot apply same approach assess effects UFP on health. This work summarizes health effects, generation, measurement ultrafine indoor environments through literature review. When particle generation low, concentration indoors depends strongly outdoor aerosols, an indoor-to-outdoor ratio below 1. In buildings high average can reach 14. Combustion, electric heating, house cleaning are main generators Current standards for assessments do not provide solid ground accurate reliable measurements. Moreover, lowest detection limit instruments used measure be significantly different while also showing poor repeatability even among manufacturer model. Consequently, data supplied by studies insufficient inconclusive. Using portable monitors would allow properly PM0.1, but such expensive wide use. Since there good correlation between NOX data, low-cost sensors candidates create dense monitoring network UFP, including environments.

Language: Английский

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Phenomenology of ultrafine particle concentrations and size distribution across urban Europe

Environment International, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 107744 - 107744

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The 2017–2019 hourly particle number size distributions (PNSD) from 26 sites in Europe and 1 the US were evaluated focusing on 16 urban background (UB) 6 traffic (TR) framework of Research Infrastructures services reinforcing air quality monitoring capacities European URBAN & industrial areaS (RI-URBANS) project. main objective was to describe phenomenology ultrafine particles (UFP) with a significant focus. varying lower detection limits made it difficult compare PN concentrations (PNC), particularly PN10-25, different cities. PNCs follow TR > UB Suburban (SUB) order. PNC Black Carbon (BC) progressively increase Northern Southern Western Eastern Europe. At sites, typical rush hour peaks are evident, many also showing midday-morning anti-correlated BC. These result increased suggesting contributions nucleation, fumigation shipping. Site types be identified by daily seasonal BC patterns are: (i) mainly driven emissions, marked correlations time scales; (ii) midday/morning anti-correlation PNC/BC; (iii) both midday without patterns. Groups included cities high insolation. PNC, especially PN25-800, positively correlated BC, NO2, CO PM for several sites. variable correlation PNSD pollutants demonstrates that these do not reflect variability UFP environments. Specific is needed if nanoparticles their associated health impacts assessed. Implementation CEN-ACTRIS recommendations measurements would provide comparable measurements, <10 nm full evaluation effects this fraction.

Language: Английский

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