Pan-Arctic seasonal cycles and long-term trends of aerosol properties from 10 observatories

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 3067 - 3096

Published: March 8, 2022

Abstract. Even though the Arctic is remote, aerosol properties observed there are strongly influenced by anthropogenic emissions from outside Arctic. This particularly true for so-called haze season (January through April). In summer (June September), when atmospheric transport patterns change, and precipitation more frequent, local sources, i.e., natural sources of aerosols precursors, play an important role. Over last few decades, significant reductions in have taken place. At same time a large body literature shows evidence that undergoing fundamental environmental changes due to climate forcing, leading enhanced processes may impact properties. this study, we analyze 9 chemical species 4 particle optical 10 observatories (Alert, Kevo, Pallas, Summit, Thule, Tiksi, Barrow/Utqiaġvik, Villum, Gruvebadet Zeppelin Observatory – both at Ny-Ålesund Research Station) understand contributions. Variables include equivalent black carbon, particulate sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, methanesulfonic acid, sodium, iron, calcium potassium, as well scattering absorption coefficients, single albedo Ångström exponent. First, annual cycles investigated, which despite emission still show phenomenon. Second, long-term trends studied using Mann–Kendall Theil–Sen slope method. We find total 41 over full station records, spanning than decade, compared 26 decadal trends. The majority significantly declining tracers occurred during period, driven between 1990 2000. For no uniform picture has emerged. Twenty-six percent trends, 19 out 73, significant, those 5 positive 14 negative. Negative not only such carbon but also indicators acid non-sea-salt Alert. Positive sulfate Gruvebadet. No clear change contribution can be yet. However, testing sensitivity method, monotonic around % yr−1 property needed detect trend within one decade. highlights efforts beyond decade capture smaller changes. It ongoing Arctic, where interannual variability high, with forest fire their influence on population. To investigate climate-change-induced population resulting feedback, observations specific needed, microphysical size distributions, used identify populations captured mass-oriented methods bulk composition.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of urban transportation carbon footprint − Artificial intelligence based solution

Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 104406 - 104406

Published: Sept. 19, 2024

Language: Английский

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Equal abundance of summertime natural and wintertime anthropogenic Arctic organic aerosols

Nature Geoscience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 196 - 202

Published: Feb. 28, 2022

Abstract Aerosols play an important yet uncertain role in modulating the radiation balance of sensitive Arctic atmosphere. Organic aerosol is one most abundant, least understood, fractions mass. Here we use data from eight observatories that represent entire to reveal annual cycles anthropogenic and biogenic sources organic aerosol. We show during winter, dominated by emissions, mainly Eurasia, which consist both direct combustion emissions long-range transported, aged pollution. In summer, decreasing pollution replaced natural emissions. These include marine secondary, secondary primary biological have potential be climate modifying cloud condensation nuclei properties acting as ice-nucleating particles. Their source strength or atmospheric processing nutrient availability, solar radiation, temperature snow cover. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding current pan-Arctic aerosol, can used support modelling efforts aim quantify impacts this region.

Language: Английский

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A full year of aerosol size distribution data from the central Arctic under an extreme positive Arctic Oscillation: insights from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 389 - 415

Published: Jan. 11, 2023

Abstract. The Arctic environment is rapidly changing due to accelerated warming in the region. trend driving a decline sea ice extent, which thereby enhances feedback loops surface energy budget Arctic. aerosols play an important role radiative balance and hence climate response region, yet direct observations of over Ocean are limited. In this study, we investigate annual cycle aerosol particle number size distribution (PNSD), concentration (PNC), black carbon (BC) mass central during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition. This first continuous, year-long data set PNSD ever collected Ocean. We use k-means cluster analysis, FLEXPART simulations, inverse modeling evaluate seasonal patterns influence different source regions on population. Furthermore, compare land-based sites across Arctic, using both long-term measurements year MOSAiC expedition (2019–2020), interannual variability give context characteristics from within Our analysis identifies that, overall, exhibits typical aerosols, including anthropogenic haze winter secondary processes summer. pattern corresponds global radiation, air temperature, timing melting/freezing, drive changes transport processes. winter, Norilsk region Russia/Siberia was dominant signals BC observations, contributed higher accumulation-mode PNC concentrations than at observatories. also show that wintertime Oscillation (AO) phenomenon, reported achieve record-breaking positive phase January–March 2020, explains unusual magnitude compared longer-term observations. summer, PNCs nucleation Aitken modes enhanced; however, were notably lower pack further south. presented herein provides current snapshot characterized by rapid changes, will be crucial improving model predictions, understanding linkages between environmental processes, investigating impacts change future studies.

Language: Английский

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Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over the Arctic cryosphere during spring and summer using satellite observations

Atmospheric measurement techniques, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 359 - 375

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Abstract. The climate in the Arctic has warmed much more quickly last 2 to 3 decades than at mid-latitudes, i.e., during amplification (AA) period. Radiative forcing is influenced both directly and indirectly by aerosols. However, their observation from ground or airborne instruments challenging, thus measurements are sparse. In this study, total aerosol optical depth (AOD) determined top-of-atmosphere reflectance Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) on board ENVISAT over snow ice using a retrieval called AEROSNOW for period 2003 2011. incorporates an existing algorithm with cloud-masking algorithm, alongside novel quality-flagging methodology specifically designed implementation high region (≥ 72∘ N). We use dual-viewing capability of AATSR instrument accurately determine contribution reflection top atmosphere observations bright surfaces cryosphere Arctic. AOD retrieved assuming that surface observed satellite can be well parameterized bidirectional distribution function (BRDF). spatial shows values spring (March, April, May) lower summer (June, July, August) observed. consistent those collocated Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements, no systematic bias found as time. was validated comparison ground-based PEARL, OPAL, Hornsund, Thule stations. value less 0.15 average, linear regression AERONET yields slope 0.98, Pearson correlation coefficient R=0.86, root mean square error (RMSE) =0.01 monthly scale summer. increased confirms clearly haze events were captured dataset. addition, results provide unique data product springtime summertime These values, spaceborne observation, insight into cryospheric resolution temporal coverage.

Language: Английский

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Observations of high-time-resolution and size-resolved aerosol chemical composition and microphysics in the central Arctic: implications for climate-relevant particle properties

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2207 - 2241

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract. Aerosols play a critical role in the Arctic's radiative balance, influencing solar radiation and cloud formation. Limited observations central Arctic leave gaps understanding aerosol dynamics year-round, affecting model predictions of climate-relevant properties. Here, we present first annual high-time-resolution submicron chemical composition during Ocean 2018 (AO2018) 2019–2020 Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expeditions. Seasonal variations mass concentrations were found to be driven by typical seasonal regimes resemble those pan-Arctic land-based stations. Organic aerosols dominated pristine summer, while anthropogenic sulfate prevailed autumn spring under haze conditions. Ammonium, which impacts acidity, was consistently less abundant, relative sulfate, compared lower latitudes Arctic. Cyclonic (storm) activity have significant influence on variability enhancing emissions from local sources transport remote aerosol. Local wind-generated particles contributed up 80 % (20 %) condensation nuclei population (spring). While analysis presented herein provides current baseline, will serve improve climate region, it also underscores importance integrating short-timescale processes, such as wind-driven blowing snow open leads/ocean simulations. This is particularly important, given decline mid-latitude increase ones.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Biomass Burning on Arctic Aerosol Composition

ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 920 - 936

Published: April 4, 2024

Emissions from biomass burning (BB) occurring at midlatitudes can reach the Arctic, where they influence remote aerosol population. By using measurements of levoglucosan and black carbon, we identify seven BB events reaching Svalbard in 2020. We find that most are significantly different to rest year (nonevents) for chemical physical properties. Aerosol mass number concentrations enhanced by up 1 order magnitude during events. During events, submicrometer bulk composition changes an organic- sulfate-dominated regime a clearly organic-dominated regime. This results lower hygroscopicity parameter κ (0.4 ± 0.2) compared nonevents (0.5 0.2), calculated nonrefractory composition. The organic fraction showed no significant difference O:C ratios (0.9 0.3) 0.6). Accumulation mode particles were present all while summer additional Aitken was observed, indicating mixture advected air with locally produced particles. tracers (vanillic, homovanillic, hydroxybenzoic acid, nitrophenol, methylnitrophenol, nitrocatechol) higher when back trajectories passed over active fire regions Eastern Europe, agricultural wildfires as sources. Our suggest impact on Arctic depends season which occur, Europe have potential disturb background conditions most.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Changing Arctic Sea Ice Extent, Sea Ice Age, and Snow Depth on Sea Salt Aerosol From Blowing Snow and the Open Ocean for 1980–2017

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 128(3)

Published: Jan. 21, 2023

Abstract We evaluate the effects of rapidly changing Arctic sea ice conditions on salt aerosols (SSA) produced by oceanic wave‐breaking and sublimation wind‐lofted salty blowing snow ice. use GEOS‐Chem chemical transport model to assess influence extent open ocean, multi‐year (MYI), first‐year (FYI), depths SSA emissions for 1980–2017. combine from Lagrangian snow‐evolution (SnowModel‐LG) together with an empirically‐derived salinity function depth derive spatially temporally varying surface over FYI. find that pan‐Arctic mass concentrations have increased 6%–12% decade −1 during cold season (November–April) 7%–11% warm (May–October). The trend is due increasing originating FYI: as MYI replaced FYI thinning depths, increases more than 11% . During season, rapid loss thus ocean are cause modeled trends. Observations at Alert, Canada display positive trends (10%–12% ), consistent our simulations. fall, Alert observations show a negative (−18% locally decreasing wind speeds lower emissions. These significant changes in could potentially affect past future bromine explosions climate feedbacks.

Language: Английский

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Three-Dimensional Distribution of Arctic Aerosols Based on CALIOP Data

Remote Sensing, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 903 - 903

Published: March 4, 2025

Tropospheric aerosols play an important role in the notable warming phenomenon and climate change occurring Arctic. The accuracy of Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aerosol optical depth (AOD) distribution Arctic AOD based on CALIOP Level 2 products Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data during 2006–2021 were analyzed. distributions, trends, three-dimensional (3D) structures frequency occurrences (FoOs) different subtypes are also discussed. We found that exhibited a high level agreement AERONET AOD, correlation coefficient approximately 0.67 RMSE less than 0.1. However, usually underestimated over Arctic, especially wet conditions late spring early summer. Moreover, was typically higher winter autumn, summer, spring. Specifically, polluted dust (PD), dust, clean marine (CM) dominant types spring, winter, while ES (elevated smoke) from frequent wildfires reached highest FoOs. There increasing trends FoOs CM decreasing PD, PC (polluted continental), DM (dusty marine) due to amplification. In general, vertical patterns showed little seasonal variation, but their horizontal at various altitudes varied by season. Furthermore, locally sourced such as Greenland, PD eastern Siberia, middle Siberia can spread surrounding areas accumulate further north, affecting broader region

Language: Английский

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Insights of aerosol-precipitation nexus in the central Arctic through CMIP6 climate models

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(1)

Published: March 13, 2025

Language: Английский

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