Observations of high-time-resolution and size-resolved aerosol chemical composition and microphysics in the central Arctic: implications for climate-relevant particle properties

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 2207 - 2241

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract. Aerosols play a critical role in the Arctic's radiative balance, influencing solar radiation and cloud formation. Limited observations central Arctic leave gaps understanding aerosol dynamics year-round, affecting model predictions of climate-relevant properties. Here, we present first annual high-time-resolution submicron chemical composition during Ocean 2018 (AO2018) 2019–2020 Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expeditions. Seasonal variations mass concentrations were found to be driven by typical seasonal regimes resemble those pan-Arctic land-based stations. Organic aerosols dominated pristine summer, while anthropogenic sulfate prevailed autumn spring under haze conditions. Ammonium, which impacts acidity, was consistently less abundant, relative sulfate, compared lower latitudes Arctic. Cyclonic (storm) activity have significant influence on variability enhancing emissions from local sources transport remote aerosol. Local wind-generated particles contributed up 80 % (20 %) condensation nuclei population (spring). While analysis presented herein provides current baseline, will serve improve climate region, it also underscores importance integrating short-timescale processes, such as wind-driven blowing snow open leads/ocean simulations. This is particularly important, given decline mid-latitude increase ones.

Language: Английский

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Oceanic evasion fuels Arctic summertime rebound of atmospheric mercury and drives transport to Arctic terrestrial ecosystems

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: Jan. 21, 2025

Mercury (Hg) contamination poses a persistent threat to the remote Arctic ecosystem, yet mechanisms driving pronounced summer rebound of atmospheric gaseous elemental Hg (Hg0) and its subsequent fate remain unclear due limitations in large-scale seasonal studies. Here, we use an integrated atmosphere–land–sea-ice–ocean model simulate cycling comprehensively. Our results indicate that oceanic evasion is dominant source (~80%) Hg0 rebound, particularly driven by seawater release facilitated ice melt (~42%), with further contributions from anthropogenic deposition terrestrial re-emissions. Enhanced dry across coastal regions, especially tundra, during highlights potential transport pristine Ocean ecosystems. warming, transition multi-year first-year tundra greening, expected amplify intensify uptake increased vegetation growth, underlining urgent need for continued research evaluate mitigation strategies effectively context changing Arctic. The mercury has been debated decades. This study uses process-based show sea drives emissions increases highlighting key role

Language: Английский

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Sink, Source or Something In‐Between? Net Effects of Precipitation on Aerosol Particle Populations

Geophysical Research Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(19)

Published: Oct. 10, 2023

Abstract Interactions between atmospheric aerosols, clouds, and precipitation impact Earth's radiative balance air quality, yet remain poorly constrained. Precipitating clouds serve as major sinks for particulate matter, but recent studies suggest that may also act a particle source. The magnitude of the sources versus sinks, particularly cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) numbers, unquantified. This study analyzes multi‐year in situ observations from tropical boreal forests, well Arctic marine environment, showing links enhanced concentrations, including CCN‐sized particles. In some cases, precipitation‐related source equals or surpasses corresponding removal effect. Our findings highlight importance cloud‐processed material determining near‐surface concentrations value long‐term understanding aerosol life cycle. Robust patterns emerge sufficiently long data series, allowing quantitative assessment large‐scale significance new phenomena observed case studies.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of the Spatial Structure of Black Carbon Concentrations in the Near-Surface Arctic Atmosphere

Atmosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 139 - 139

Published: Jan. 8, 2023

The results of the research are numerical estimates average fields black carbon mass concentration in surface layer atmosphere Arctic region obtained using numeric technology referred to as fluid location (FLA). modelling has been based on measurements concentrations near-surface during two cruises Professor Multanovskiy (28 July–7 September 2019) and Akademik Mstislav Keldysh (31 July–24 August 2020) vessels. These have supplemented by at stationary monitoring points located Spitsbergen Severnaya Zemlya archipelagoes. simulation summertime demonstrates that areas increased were observed over Northern Europe and, 2019, also Laptev Sea basin. spatial distribution qualitatively agreed with same data derived from second Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research Applications (MERRA-2) but showed quantitative differences. values zones follows: 85.3 ng/m3 (2019) 53.6 (2020) reconstructed FLA technology; 261.69 131.8 MERRA-2 data.

Language: Английский

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The Marginal Ice Zone as a dominant source region of atmospheric mercury during central Arctic summertime

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Aug. 14, 2023

Atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in the Arctic exhibit a clear summertime maximum, while origin of this peak is still matter debate community. Based on observations during Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for Study Climate (MOSAiC) expedition and modeling approach, we further investigate sources atmospheric Hg central Arctic. Simulations with generalized additive model (GAM) show that long-range transport anthropogenic terrestrial from lower latitudes minor contribution (~2%), more than 50% explained GEM variability caused by oceanic evasion. A potential source function (PSCF) analysis shows evasion not significant throughout ice-covered Ocean but mainly occurs Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) due to specific environmental conditions region. Our results suggest regional process could be leading contributor observed maximum. In context rapid warming increase width MIZ, may become strengthen role as Hg.

Language: Английский

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Polar Aerosol Atmospheric Rivers: Detection, Characteristics, and Potential Applications

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 129(2)

Published: Jan. 13, 2024

Abstract Aerosols play a key role in polar climate, and are affected by long‐range transport from the mid‐latitudes, both Arctic Antarctic. This work investigates poleward extreme events of aerosols, referred to as aerosol atmospheric rivers (p‐AAR), leveraging concept (AR) which signal moisture. Using reanalysis data, we build detection catalog p‐AARs for black carbon, dust, sea salt organic carbon period 1980–2022. First, describe algorithm, discuss its sensitivity, evaluate validity. Then, present several case studies, Antarctic, illustrating complementarity between ARs p‐AARs. Despite similarities pathways during co‐occurring AR/p‐AAR events, vertical profiles differ depending on species, large‐scale patterns show that moisture aerosols do not necessarily originate same areas. The AR p‐AAR is also evidenced their long‐term characteristics terms spatial distribution, seasonality trends. detection, complement AR, can have important applications better understanding climate connections mid‐latitudes.

Language: Английский

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Annual cycle of aerosol properties over the central Arctic during MOSAiC 2019–2020 – light-extinction, CCN, and INP levels from the boundary layer to the tropopause

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(19), P. 12821 - 12849

Published: Oct. 12, 2023

Abstract. The MOSAiC (Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate) expedition was largest field campaign ever conducted. offered unique opportunity to monitor and characterize aerosols clouds with high vertical resolution up 30 km height at latitudes from 80 90∘ N over an entire year (October 2019 September 2020). Without a clear knowledge complex aerosol layering, structures, dominant types their impact on cloud formation, full understanding meteorological processes in Arctic, thus advanced climate change research, is impossible. Widespread ground-based situ observations are insufficient provide these required data. In this article, summary our tropospheric profiles state-of-the-art multiwavelength polarization Raman lidar aboard icebreaker Polarstern presented. Particle optical properties, i.e., light-extinction thickness (AOT), estimates cloud-relevant properties such as number concentration condensation nuclei (CCN) ice-nucleating particles (INPs) discussed, separately lowest part troposphere (atmospheric boundary layer, ABL), within lower free (around 2000 m height), cirrus level close tropopause. particle INPs included study. A strong decrease amount winter moderate variations summer were observed terms extinction coefficient. 532 nm values dropped >50 Mm−1 surface <5 4–6 months. Lofted, aged wildfire smoke layers caused re-increase towards (June August 2020), much coefficients, frequently low 1–5 Mm−1, ABL. Aerosol removal, controlled by in-cloud below-cloud scavenging (widely suppressed very efficient summer) lowermost 1–2 atmosphere, seems be main reason differences between conditions. complete annual cycle AOT central could measured. This valuable addition summertime sun photometers Robotic Network (AERONET). line pronounced typical CCN concentrations (0.2 % supersaturation level) ranged 50–500 cm−3 10–100 (at m), however, roughly constant throughout year, mostly 100 cm−3. contrast also given ABL which control ice production low-level clouds. While soil dust (from surrounding continents) probably INP type during autumn, winter, spring months, local sea spray (with biogenic component) dominate nucleation months (June–August). vs. 2–3 orders magnitude is, mainly temperature contrast. event occurrence long-lasting layer upper stratosphere. Our suggest that triggered formation tropopause October May 2020.

Language: Английский

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Polar oceans and sea ice in a changing climate

Elementa Science of the Anthropocene, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Polar oceans and sea ice cover 15% of the Earth’s ocean surface, environment is changing rapidly at both poles. Improving knowledge on interactions between atmospheric oceanic realms in polar regions, a Surface Ocean–Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) project key focus, essential to understanding Earth system context climate change. However, our ability monitor pace magnitude changes regions evaluate their impacts for rest globe limited by remoteness sea-ice coverage. Sea not only supports biological activity mediates gas aerosol exchange but can also hinder some in-situ remote sensing observations. While satellite provides baseline record properties extent, these techniques cannot provide variables within below ice. Recent robotics, modeling, measurement advances have opened new possibilities ocean–sea ice–atmosphere system, critical gaps remain. Seasonal long-term observations are clearly lacking across all phases. Observational modeling efforts sea-ice, ocean, domains must be better linked achieve system-level environments. As warming becoming thinner more ephemeral than before, dramatic over suite physicochemical biogeochemical processes expected, if already underway. These conditions will affect modifying production aerosols, precursors, reactive halogens oxidants, greenhouse gases. Quantifying which enhanced or reduced change calls tailored monitoring programs high-latitude Open questions this coupled best resolved leveraging ongoing international multidisciplinary programs, such as led SOLAS, link research interface.

Language: Английский

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Black carbon scavenging by low-level Arctic clouds

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Sept. 7, 2023

Black carbon (BC) from anthropogenic and natural sources has a pronounced climatic effect on the polar environment. The interaction of BC with low-level Arctic clouds, important for understanding deposition atmosphere, is studied using first long-term observational data set equivalent black (eBC) inside outside clouds observed at Zeppelin Observatory, Svalbard. We show that measured cloud residual eBC concentrations have clear seasonal cycle maximum in early spring, due to haze phenomenon, followed by cleaner summer months very low concentrations. scavenged fraction was positively correlated water content showed lower fractions temperatures, which may be mixed-phase processes. A trajectory analysis revealed potential need ensure aerosol-cloud measurements are collocated, given differences air mass origin cloudy non-cloudy periods.

Language: Английский

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Air Composition over the Russian Arctic–4: Atmospheric Aerosols

Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(3), P. 357 - 372

Published: June 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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