Composites Part C Open Access,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
12, P. 100392 - 100392
Published: Aug. 23, 2023
Tri-material
and
tri-layered
composites
find
numerous
applications
in
the
biomedical,
aerospace,
automotive
industries.
However,
such
face
challenges
when
fabricated
through
conventional
methods
(Electrospinning,
hand
lay-up,
Film
Casting,
In-situ
polymerization),
as
interface
bond
strength,
strength-to-mass
ratio,
etc.
Additive
manufacturing
can
be
used
to
fabricate
overcome
these
challenges.
In
this
study,
a
tri-material
based
3D-printed
(TM3DP)
polymer
composite
of
polylactic
acid
(PLA),
polyethylene
terephthalate
glycol
(PETG),
acrylonitrile
butadiene
styrene
(ABS)
was
successfully
processed
using
fused
filament
fabrication
(FFF)
for
first
time.
The
is
that
33.3%
PLA
printed
first,
followed
by
PETG,
and,
end,
ABS
so
PETG
sandwiched
between
ABS.
effect
FFF
processing
parameters
on
tensile
properties
investigated.
After
preliminary
experiments
literature
review,
infill
density
(ID),
printing
speed
(PS),
layer
thickness
(LT)
were
selected
main
parameters.
strength
(TS)
strain
(ℇ)
outputs
(responses)
study.
Tensile
testing
performed
after
samples
Instron
Universal
Testing
Machine
(5
KN).
An
analysis
variance
(ANOVA)
also
check
significance
process
results
concluded
significant
interaction
state
both
properties.
Scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM)
optical
performed,
which
indicated
various
defects,
including
micropores,
voids,
micro
/
major
delamination
occurred
conditions
high
LT,
PS,
low
ID.
This
resulted
TS
27.1
MPa
ℇ
0.5
mm/mm.
No
defects
observed
under
ID,
highest
39.5
0.95.
Finally,
optimum
suggested
fabricating
thick
TM3DP
samples,
believed
enhance
ratio
16.4
%
compared
single
solid
base
materials.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
17(3), P. 426 - 426
Published: Feb. 6, 2025
Additive
manufacturing
(AM)
techniques
make
fabricating
complex
designs,
prototypes,
and
end-user
products
possible.
Conductive
polymer
composites
find
applications
in
flexible
electronics,
sensor
fabrication,
electrical
circuits.
In
this
study,
thermoplastic
polyurethane
(TPU)-based
conductive
composite
samples
were
fabricated
via
fused
filament
fabrication
(FFF).
The
effects
of
three
important
process
parameters,
including
infill
density
(ID),
layer
thickness
(LT),
fan
speed
(FS),
on
various
mechanical
properties
(tensile
compressive
properties)
investigated.
It
was
observed
that
all
the
considered
parameters
affect
properties,
they
are
significant
as
per
analysis
variance
(ANOVA).
From
scanning
electron
microscopy
(SEM)
optical
microscopy,
combinations
such
low
ID,
high
LT,
FS
resulted
formation
defects
voids,
cracks,
warping,
which
properties.
Finally,
parameter
optimization
performed,
resulting
a
with
best
possible
combination
at
medium
FS.
Engineering Research Express,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
6(1), P. 012401 - 012401
Published: March 1, 2024
Abstract
In
the
current
era
of
intense
competition,
optimizing
design
and
manufacturing
processes
through
time
reduction
measures
can
prove
to
be
advantageous.
The
objective
profit
maximization
is
a
crucial
consideration
across
diverse
industries.
utilization
3D
printing
technology
has
been
in
producing
personalized
items
at
reduced
expense
with
increased
efficiency
various
industrial
domains.
Fused
deposition
modeling
(FDM)
an
effective
cost-efficient
Additive
Manufacturing
(AM)
technique
utilized
engineering
applications.
introduction
FDM
process
occurred
early
1990s
by
Stratasys
Inc.,
company
based
United
States.
Since
then,
become
prevalent
AM
widely
for
functional
prototypes
precision
safety.
To
advance
technology,
it
necessitates
comprehensive
understanding
process,
involved
parameters,
applications,
trends,
as
well
identifying
challenges
prospects.
This
review
explores
fundamental
underpinnings
detailing
production
stages,
It
critically
evaluates
parameters
their
influence
on
drawing
insights
from
synthesis
relevant
studies.
paper
also
provides
in-depth
examination
applications
domains,
evaluating
summarizing
associated
study
draws
upon
prior
research
highlights
evolving
landscape
application
trends
providing
solid
foundation
readers
grasp
topic.
Journal of Engineering Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 1, 2024
Additive
Manufacturing
(AM)
techniques
add
material
layer-by-layer
to
fabricate
parts
or
products,
compared
subtractive
manufacturing
processes,
where
the
is
removed
obtain
final
product.
The
most
common
method
among
AM
fused
filament
fabrication
(FFF),
which
uses
print
objects
into
end
products.
present
study's
aims
include
of
a
custom
FFF-based
3D
printer
and
investigating
effects
three
process
parameters
on
tensile
properties
3D-printed
samples.
Initially,
was
successfully
fabricated.
This
Marlin
Firmware
2.0
as
programming
code
control
different
functionalities
printing
processes.
After
construction
calibration,
few
samples
successfully.
Moreover,
design
experiments
plan
formulated
specimens
based
levels
parameters.
Tensile
testing
performed,
analysis
variance
(ANOVA)
confirmed
that
significantly
affected
properties.
were
then
analyzed,
along
with
defect
formation
microstructure
analysis.
Finally,
optimum
for
PLA
better
figured
out
constructed
printer.
Ain Shams Engineering Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(3), P. 102503 - 102503
Published: Sept. 29, 2023
The
objective
of
current
investigation
is
to
propose
a
solution
predict
the
interest
rate,
investment
demand,
and
price
index
with
optimal
control
in
fractional
financial
4D
chaotic
model.
He-Laplace
method
(HLM)
introduced
derivative
Caputo
sense
characterize
memory
effect
For
validation
comparison
purposes,
given
model
also
solved
through
residual
power
series
algorithm.
Analysis
revealed
that
HLM
provide
improved
results
as
compared
RPSA.
Model
analyzed
graphically
for
input
environment
understand
physical
behavior
impact
variations
saving
amount,
cost
per
investment,
elasticity
demand
are
presented
contours.
It
reported
initially
uniform,
but
later
on
drastic
increase
have
been
observed.
proposed
methodology
stable
performed
exceptionally
well
scenarios,
hence
can
be
extended
other
complex
models.
Journal of Engineering Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Aug. 1, 2023
Additive
manufacturing
composites
have
been
employed
in
application
including,
aerospace,
automotive
industries
etc.
and
there
are
a
number
of
properties
required
for
such
applications
including
better
impact
strength
(I-S)
which
is
the
resistance
to
withstand
loading.
The
present
study
investigates
first
time
effects
processing
parameters
on
I-S
thick
tri-material
based
layered
(Tmbl)
composite
Polylactic
acid
(PLA),
Polyethylene
Terephthalate
Glycol
(PETG),
Acrylonitrile
Butadiene
Styrene
(ABS)
fabricated
via
Fused
Filament
Fabrication
(FFF).
3
process
varied
three
levels
each,
whereas
chosen
as
output.
Analysis
variance
(ANOVA)
conducted.
surface
plots
significant
parameter
interactions
plotted
showing
effects-trends
each
variable
various
inter-layer,
macro
micro
observation
was
also
performed
using
optical
microscopy.
It
observed
that
shortcomings
pores,
delamination,
peeling-like
structure
formation
occurred
at
high
layer
thickness
(t),
printing
speed
(v)
low
infill
density
(ρ)
whereas,
absence
substantial
defects
ρ.
Therefore,
it
concluded
selected
significantly
affecting
composite.
At
end,
optimization
conditions
resulted
enhanced
weight
ratio
compared
highest
single
dimensional
(3d)
printed
material.
