Docosahexaenoic and Arachidonic Acids as Neuroprotective Nutrients throughout the Life Cycle

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 986 - 986

Published: March 18, 2021

The role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic (AA) in neurogenesis brain development throughout the life cycle is fundamental. DHA AA are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) vital for many human physiological processes, such as signaling pathways, gene expression, structure function membranes, among others. deposited into lipids cell membranes that form gray matter representing approximately 25% total content acids. Both have effects on neuronal growth differentiation through modulation physical properties signal transduction associated with G proteins, expression. a relevant neuroprotection against neurodegenerative pathologies Alzheimer's disease Parkinson's disease, which characteristic pathological expressions mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress. present review analyzes neuroprotective extreme stages life, emphasizing importance these LCPUFA during first year developing/prevention diseases aging.

Language: Английский

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Current Insights into the Effects of Dietary α-Linolenic Acid Focusing on Alterations of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Metabolic Syndrome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(9), P. 4909 - 4909

Published: April 30, 2024

The plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) is an essential n-3 highly susceptible to oxidation, present in oils of flaxseeds, walnuts, canola, perilla, soy, and chia. After ingestion, it can be incorporated body lipid pools (particularly triglycerides phospholipid membranes), then endogenously metabolized through desaturation, elongation, peroxisome oxidation eicosapentaenoic (EPA) docosahexaenoic (DHA), with a very limited efficiency for DHA), beta-oxidized as energy source, or directly C18-oxilipins. At this moment, data the literature about effects ALA supplementation on metabolic syndrome (MetS) humans are inconsistent, indicating no some positive all MetS components (abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, impaired insulin sensitivity glucoregulation, blood pressure, liver steatosis). major seem its conversion more potent EPA DHA, impact n-3/n-6 ratio, consecutive formation oxylipins endocannabinoids, inflammation, sensitivity, secretion, well adipocyte hepatocytes function. It important distinguish direct from DHA metabolites. This review summarizes most recent findings topic discusses possible mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Supplementation with Rutin Alters Meat Quality, Fatty Acid Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Expression Levels of Genes Associated with Lipid Metabolism in Breast Muscle of Qingyuan Partridge Chickens

Foods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(12), P. 2302 - 2302

Published: June 7, 2023

Consumer demand for tasty and quality meat has been quickly increasing. This study investigated how dietary supplemented rutin affects quality, muscle fatty acid profile, antioxidant capacity in the Chinese indigenous Qingyuan partridge chicken. A cohort of 180 healthy 119-day-old chickens was subjected to a randomized assignment into three groups, identified as control, R200, R400 with respective supplementation 0, 200, 400 mg/kg rutin. The results revealed insignificance growth performance, namely, average daily gain, feed intake, feed-to-gain ratio, across various treatment groups (p > 0.05). Nevertheless, increased < 0.05) breast yield intramuscular fat content decreased drip loss muscle. Rutin high-density lipoprotein but contents glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol serum. levels DHA (C22:6n-3), polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs), n-3 PUFAs, decanoic (C10:0), activity Δ5 + Δ6 (22:6 (n - 3)/18:3 3)), ratio PUFA/SFA level palmitoleic (C16:1n-7), n-6/n-3 Δ9 (16:1 7)/16:0). also reduced malondialdehyde serum muscle, catalase superoxide dismutase Additionally, downregulated expression AMPKα upregulated PPARG, FADS1, FAS, ELOVL7, NRF2, CAT Convincingly, that improved profiles, especially chickens.

Language: Английский

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Reduced n-3 and n-6 PUFA (DHA and AA) Concentrations in Breast Milk and Erythrocytes Phospholipids during Pregnancy and Lactation in Women with Obesity

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(4), P. 1930 - 1930

Published: Feb. 9, 2022

Obesity during pregnancy is a worrying public health problem worldwide. Maternal diet critical for fatty acid (FA) placental transport and FA content in breast milk (BM). We evaluated composition erythrocytes phospholipids (EP) BM pregnant women with (OBE, n = 30) without (non-OBE, 31) obesity. Sixty-one healthy were at their 20-24th gestational week followed until 6th month of lactation. Diet was through food frequency questionnaire. EP assessed by gas-liquid chromatography. The OBE group showed lower quality, but total n-6 n-3 polyunsaturated (PUFA), ALA, EPA, DHA dietary intake similar between groups. N-3 PUFA, DHA, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio lactation group. In BM, arachidonic (AA) concentration end lactation, an earlier constant decline compared to non-OBE conclusion, AA levels reduced Strategies increase are urgently needed particularly

Language: Английский

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Existing knowledge on Zn status biomarkers (1963–2021) with a particular focus on FADS1 and FADS2 diagnostic performance and recommendations for further research

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: Jan. 12, 2023

The role of Zn in human health was discovered 60 years ago, and despite remarkable research efforts, a sufficiently sensitive specific biomarker status is still lacking. Plasma/serum Zn, currently the best available most accepted population indicator, responds well to severe deficiency, yet, mild moderate deficiency states usually remain unrecognized. Identifying early-stage requires additional robust markers status. This paper discusses sensitivity, specificity, responsiveness plasma concentrations interventions. It describes biochemical dietary basis for causal association between fatty acid desaturases activity, FADS1 FADS2, based on data collected through studies performed animals and/or humans. influence potential confounders covariates observed relationships considered. Additional biomarkers are discussed suggestions further this area provided.

Language: Английский

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Sustainable pig diets: partial grain replacement with former food products and its impact on meat quality

Journal of Animal Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract This study investigated the effects of salty and sugary former foodstuff products (FFPs) on quality traits meat composition 36 male castrated pigs (Swiss Large White breed) as well sensory characteristics loins. The animals were fed three different diets for both growing (G) finishing (F) phases: (1) a standard diet (ST), 0% FFPs; (2) with 30% FFPs (e.g., chocolate, biscuits, cakes) replacement traditional ingredients (SU); (3) bread, pasta, breadsticks) (SA). For comprehensive assessment quality, protein fat content in LD analyzed. AA FA profile determined backfat. Meat such pH temperature, thawing, cooking drip losses, shear force have been evaluated. Then, pork loins assessed attributes by trained panel. SA decreased 20:5 n-3 levels (P &lt; 0.001) muscle 22:5 0.05) backfat but increased ratio mono-unsaturated to saturated fatty acids compared ST group. Both SU elevated n-6:n-3 diet. Dietary treatments did not affect other traits. Regarding attributes, loin from sweeter 0.001). Loins more tender 0.001), had intense aroma flavor 0.01) Overall, use affected acid while improving loins, no negative observed technological nutritional meat.

Language: Английский

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Disorders of fatty acid homeostasis

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 48(1)

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Humans derive fatty acids (FA) from exogenous dietary sources and/or endogenous synthesis acetyl‐CoA, although some FA are solely derived (“essential FA”). Once inside cells, may undergo a wide variety of different modifications, which include their activation to corresponding CoA ester, the introduction double bonds, 2‐ and ω‐hydroxylation chain elongation, thereby generating cellular pool can be used for more complex lipids. The biological properties lipids very much determined by molecular composition in terms incorporated into these lipid species. This immediately explains existence range genetic diseases man, often with severe clinical consequences caused variants one many genes coding enzymes responsible modifications. It is purpose this review describe current state knowledge about homeostasis involved. includes disorders activation, desaturation, ω‐hydroxylation, but also breakdown, including peroxisomal mitochondrial α‐ β‐oxidation.

Language: Английский

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New understandings of the pathway of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 25(2), P. 60 - 66

Published: Dec. 22, 2021

Purpose of review Molecular studies have clarified the roles fatty acid desaturase ( FADSx ) and elongation very long chain ELOVLx genes, as well acyl-coenzyme A synthase long-chain isoforms ACSLx required for entry to polyunsaturated (LCPUFA) biosynthetic pathways. Recent findings FADS1 FADS2 but not FADS3 are active toward PUFA. is a Δ5-desaturase operating on five C20 PUFA, strongly regulated by human genetic polymorphisms, modulating circulating arachidonic (20:4 n -6) levels. In contrast, operates at least 16 substrates, including saturates, catalyzes Δ6, Δ4, Δ8 desaturation. silencing in cancer cells leads synthesis unusual acids. ACSL6 ACSL4 maintain tissue 22:6 -3 20:4 -6, respectively. FADS2AT2, first transcript differentially inhibit desaturation, attenuating 18:3 18:2 -6 The PUFA elongases ELOVL5, 2, 4 implicated cancer, age-related methylation, retinal degeneration, Summary mixture acids available any defines product further membrane lipids signaling molecules may be relevant many clinical conditions cancer. Functional variants define levels via regulation; genotypes that drive high predispose disease.

Language: Английский

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The Associations of Maternal Pre-pregnancy Body Mass Index with Human Milk Fatty Acid and Phospholipid Composition in the Observational Norwegian Human Milk Study.

Journal of Nutrition, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microalgae-Based Functional Foods: A Blue-Green Revolution in Sustainable Nutrition and Health

Applied Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 5(2), P. 39 - 39

Published: April 23, 2025

The projected global population of 9.22 billion by 2075 necessitates sustainable food sources that provide health benefits beyond essential nutrition, as the relationship between biochemistry and human well-being is becoming increasingly significant. Microalgae are simple microscopic organisms rich in various bioactive compounds, such pigments, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, peptides, polyphenols, which can be used to develop novel foods with potential benefits. Bioactive substances offer numerous benefits, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, anti-obesity, heart-protective effects. However, incorporating microalgal biomass into functional products presents several challenges, species diversity, fluctuations production, factors affecting cultivation, suboptimal bioprocessing methods, inconclusive evidence regarding bioavailability safety, undesirable flavors aromas formulations. Despite these significant opportunities exist for future development microalgae-derived products. Extensive investigations overcome challenges enable large-scale commercialization nutritious microalgae-based This review aims examine microalgae natural ingredients explore limiting their industrial acceptance utilization, assess safety issues associated consumption.

Language: Английский

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