Trichoderma as biocontrol agent against pests: New uses for a mycoparasite

Biological Control, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 159, P. 104634 - 104634

Published: April 22, 2021

Insects are the main pest in agricultural systems, causing significant losses crop productivity and storage. During last decades control of insects has been carried out through uncontrolled massive use chemical insecticides, very harmful to environment health, which requires development new efficient safe alternatives. Numerous fungal species have described as entomopathogens insect pests, well plant endophytic fungi. In this sense, Trichoderma is a genus filamentous fungi widely studied used biocontrol agent agriculture on pathogenic due its ability parasitize them (mycoparasitism), among other mechanisms action. recent years, possibility using for considered, both directly indirectly. The studies date reported that capable controlling parasitism production insecticidal secondary metabolites, antifeedant compounds repellent metabolites. And indirectly activation systemic defensive responses, attraction natural enemies or insect-symbiotic microorganisms. Therefore, not only effective against pathogens, but also representing future alternative sustainable agriculture.

Language: Английский

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(Systemic) Insecticides in plants: Phytotoxicity, bioactivation, or hormesis?

Agriculture Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(1), P. 100002 - 100002

Published: May 26, 2023

Insecticides are commonly associated with insects as the target of their activity. Curiously, fact that seldom insecticide application is object frequent neglect, potentially leading to undesirable consequences. This concern even more troubling when systemic insecticides considered because use such compounds on rise and popularity preemptive seed coating these has greatly increased during last decades. Thus, action not limited insects, but also affects crop plants, especially considered. Plants primary venue reach arthropods targeted by insecticidal molecule. they can retain distribute byproducts, eventually exhibit consequences exposure. Consequently, phytotoxicity and/or bioactivation may ensue. The former response better known although frequently explored herbicides considered, while latter sparking attention recently. These potential insecticide-mediated responses, particularly here discussed individually a part biphasic continuum based hormesis phenomenon its implications.

Language: Английский

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Whiteflies at the Intersection of Polyphagy and Insecticide Resistance

Annals of the Entomological Society of America, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 115(6), P. 401 - 416

Published: April 17, 2022

Abstract The sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is one of the most damaging, polyphagous insect pests agricultural cropping systems around world. Insecticide control main tactics used to mitigate damage and crop injury caused by species. Similarly, plant chemical defenses are primary natural mechanisms that reduce attacks from whiteflies. Like all Sternorrhyncha insects, whiteflies have piercing/sucking mouthparts feed on phloem sap vascular plants through a stylet. Therefore, if this can overcome physical barriers pierce bundle, remaining nutrition uptake utilization phytochemicals might exhibit some degree toxicity toward insect. has been reported over 1,000 species representing an enormous range which potentially exposed. Recently, were shown acquired gene detoxify plant’s phenolic glycosides usually toxic. Additionally, host alter response single whitefly population insecticides. Herein, we review possible interactions between highly B. tabaci, potential associated with its extensive range, insecticides pest. This aims provide conceptual framework for studying biological insect, plant, insecticidal toxins pest at mechanistic selection levels.

Language: Английский

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Research Trends, Biases, and Gaps in Phytochemicals as Insecticides: Literature Survey and Meta-Analysis

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 318 - 318

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

A 76-year literature survey and meta-analyses were carried out to recognize the trends, biases, knowledge gaps of studies focusing on major groups compounds botanical origin, or phytochemicals, as insecticides. The found that main phytochemicals prospected insecticides belong following chemical groups: terpenoids, terpenes, carbonyl, all which tested, mainly against beetles (Coleoptera), caterpillars (i.e., larvae Lepidoptera), mosquitoes other flies Diptera). These are burgeoning at an exponential rate, with evident focus mortality endpoint estimates, but they also neglecting sublethal assessments. China India in Asia, well Brazil Americas, responsible for most studies. majority papers used stored grain insects experimental models, limits applicability representativeness findings. As a result, modes exposure tested fumigation contact, leads prevalence estimates lethal concentration these Therefore, broader range insect species deserves testing, suitable identifying characterizing molecules insecticidal activity, is seldom performed. Attention needs will circumvent current biases allow recognition patterns association between origin structure their effects.

Language: Английский

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Essential oil antifeedants against armyworms: promises and challenges

Entomologia Generalis, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 43(4), P. 689 - 704

Published: April 27, 2023

Plant secondary metabolites are fascinating weapons in the fight against herbivores.Of note, products of plant metabolism can be highly useful developing insecticides for insect pest management.In this framework, present review focuses on a group metabolites, i.e., essential oils (EOs), and major species, armyworms, Spodoptera spp.(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), with focus antifeeding responses.Among all tested EOs, only ones extracted from Angelica archangelica, Artemisia nakaii, Piper hispidinervum, P. sanctifelicis, Pulegium vulgare Tanacetum parthenium showed good antifeedant efficacy (i.e., ED 50 <10 µg/cm 2 ) littoralis or S. litura.EO constituents showing promising activity include pulegone, 11α-epoxyeremophil-9-en-8-one (ligudicin A), piperitone epoxide thujone, <1 .Other compounds dehydrofukinone, germacrone, piperitenone oxide, <5 .Overall, considering sparse literature topic lack standardized methods testing EOs their as antifeedants call standardization armyworm tests is presented.

Language: Английский

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Nectar Characteristics and Honey Production Potential of Five Rapeseed Cultivars and Two Wildflower Species in South Korea

Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 419 - 419

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

The growing beekeeping industry in South Korea has led to the establishment of new honey plant complexes. However, studies on production from each species are limited. This study aimed assess potential various

Language: Английский

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Microbial changes and associated metabolic responses modify host plant adaptation in Stephanitis nashi

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 18, 2024

Abstract Symbiotic microorganisms are essential for the physiological processes of herbivorous pests, including pear lace bug Stephanitis nashi , which is known causing extensive damage to garden plants and fruit trees due its exceptional adaptability diverse host plants. However, specific functional effects microbiome on adaptation S. remains unclear. Here, we identified significant microbial changes in 2 different plants, crabapple cherry blossom, characterized by differences fungal diversity as well bacterial community structures, with abundant correlations between bacteria or fungi. Consistent changes, that fed blossom demonstrated decreased metabolites downregulated key metabolic pathways, such arginine mitogen‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, were crucial plant adaptation. Furthermore, correlation analysis unveiled numerous differential metabolites, influenced interactions These bacteria, fungi, associated may modify pathways aiding results provide valuable insights into alteration function adapted contributing a better understanding pest invasion dispersal from perspective.

Language: Английский

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The physiological and biochemical role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of maize to root‐lesion nematode

Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 73(8), P. 2112 - 2122

Published: June 17, 2024

Abstract Silicon (Si) plays an important role in enhancing the tolerance of plants to biotic and abiotic stress soil ecosystems. Root‐lesion nematodes ( Pratylenchus scribneri ; RLNs) cause root damage diseases that result quality deterioration economic loss. This study investigated effects Si application on maize its interaction with RLN infection. We set up different treatments evaluate silicon growth resistance. conducted analysis by combining measurements metabolism activity under conditions. The results suggested (0.5 g/kg) significantly promoted fresh shoot weight, plant height, SPAD value (chlorophyll content), maize, regardless inoculation. highest was observed treatment, which higher than control (CK) (N) treatments. Analysis enzyme revealed nematode inoculation reduced catalase (CAT) increased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, while CAT decreased MDA concentration. In SiN there at 0, 12, 48, 72 96 h compared N treatment. parallel, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities, treatment further enhanced their activities. These findings indicate enhances resistance infection improves antioxidant defence mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Describing endosymbiont–host interactions within the parasitism–mutualism continuum

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(7)

Published: July 1, 2024

Abstract Endosymbionts are widespread in arthropods, living host cells with effects that extend from parasitic to mutualistic. Newly acquired endosymbionts tend be parasitic, but vertical transmission favors coevolution toward mutualism, hosts sometimes developing dependency. negatively affecting fitness may still spread by impacting reproductive traits, referred as “manipulation,” although costs for often assumed rather than demonstrated. For cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) involves endosymbiont‐mediated embryo death, theory predicts directional shifts away “manipulation” reduced CI strength; moreover, CI‐causing need increase initially spread. In nature, endosymbiont–host interactions and dynamics complex, depending on environmental conditions evolutionary history. We advocate capturing this complexity through appropriate datasets, relying terms like “manipulation.” Such imprecision can lead the misclassification of along parasitism–mutualism continuum.

Language: Английский

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Growth-Promoting Endophytes as Immunity Booster for Brassica juncea against Insect Attack

Journal of Chemical Ecology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 51(2)

Published: March 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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