Bark DOI
Simcha Lev‐Yadun

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 7

Published: Dec. 16, 2022

Abstract Bark comprises all the tissues outside vascular cambium of seed plants. Most bark woody plants develops from three secondary meristems: that gives rise to phloem, phellogen cork and dilatation meristem produces parenchyma cells prevent cracking when axis increases in diameter. Some outer young organs is made primary originating procambium, ground protoderm. have a critical role defending pathogens herbivores through their physical chemical properties. They also defend environmental hazards such as sun irradiation, desiccation, wind, flooding, hail, snow thick, fire. The has storage transport organic molecules water, many contributes photosynthesis. Many various defensive toxic substances found barks are used by humans medicines, spices for industries. Gene exploring became more common recent years expected result identifying beneficial agriculture, medicine, food industry. Key Concepts plant. majority avoid formation regulated several plant hormones, mainly auxin, ethylene, jasmonates gibberellins. After wounding, induced hormones ethylene jasmonic acid induces (wound) traumatic resin or gum ducts species. functions storage, defence herbivores, stresses including irradiation products (e.g. fibres, food, resins, rubber, pigments, poisons, cork) been since antiquity. Defence included prickles, thorns, toxins, mechanical hardness, aposematic (warning) colouration, camouflage undermining herbivore camouflage.

Language: Английский

Rice physical defenses and their role against insect herbivores DOI Creative Commons

Devi Balakrishnan,

N. Bateman,

Rupesh Kariyat

et al.

Planta, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 259(5)

Published: April 2, 2024

Abstract Main conclusion Understanding surface defenses, a relatively unexplored area in rice can provide valuable insight into constitutive and induced defenses against herbivores. Plants have evolved multi-layered defense system the wide range of pests that constantly attack them. Physical comprised trichomes, wax, silica, callose, lignin, are considered as first line herbivory directly affect herbivores by restricting or deterring Most studies on physical insect been focused dicots compared to monocots, although monocots include one most important crops, rice, which half global population is dependent their staple food. In Silica an element stimulating plant growth, has also found impart resistance However, other including lignin less explored. A detailed exploration morphological structures functional consequences assist incorporating these traits breeding genetic improvement programs, thereby potentially reduce use chemicals field. This mini review addresses points with closer look at current literature prospects defenses.

Language: Английский

Citations

13
Mega- and large herbivores influence survival but not recruitment rates of African savanna trees DOI
Maggie Jones, Robert J. Fletcher, Laurence Kruger

et al.

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 308, P. 111201 - 111201

Published: May 9, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Blocking then stinging as a case of two-step evolution of defensive cage architectures in herbivore-driven ecosystems DOI
Artémis Anest, Yanis Bouchenak‐Khelladi, Tristan Charles‐Dominique

et al.

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 587 - 597

Published: March 4, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Spinescence and the Island Plant Defense Syndrome DOI
Kasey E. Barton, Joanna K. Carpenter, Ana Isabel Zermeño Flores

et al.

Ecological studies, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 13 - 29

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

1
A new, disjunct species of Bahiana (Euphorbiaceae, Acalyphoideae): Phytogeographic connections between the seasonally dry tropical forests of Peru and Brazil, and a review of spinescence in the family DOI Creative Commons
Kenneth J. Wurdack

PhytoKeys, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 219, P. 121 - 144

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Bahiana is expanded from 1 to 2 species with the description of B.occidentalis K. Wurdack, sp. nov. as a new endemic seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) Peru. The disjunct distribution populations on opposite sides Andes in northwestern Peru (Tumbes, San Martín) and B.pyriformis eastern Brazil (Bahia) adds phytogeographic links among widely scattered New World SDTFs. Although remains imperfectly known due lack flowering collections, molecular phylogenetic results four loci (plastid matK, rbcL, trnL-F; nuclear ITS) unite two does gross vegetative morphology, notably their spinose stipules, androecial structure. Spinescence Euphorbiaceae was surveyed found organs 25 genera, which mostly have modified sharp branch tips. Among taxa, spines that originate stipule modifications only occur Acidocroton, while intrastipular Philyra are uncertain homologies.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
The root extracellular trap; a complex and dynamic biomatrix network essential for plant protection DOI
Azeddine Driouich, Mame Codou Guèye, Maïté Vicré

et al.

Current Opinion in Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 82, P. 102656 - 102656

Published: Nov. 12, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Architectural singularities in wild Coffea (Baracoffea) species: integrated morphological perspectives for climate-resilient coffee cultivation DOI Open Access
Rickarlos Bezandry, Romain Guyot, Hery Lisy Tiana Ranarijaona

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Abstract Global coffee production faces increasing threats from climate change, including rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and spreads of diseases. Wild species, notably those growthing in highly constrained environments Madagascar, offer a critical genetic resource to address these challenges. Understanding adaptive traits allowing species establish into arid is essential implement guid breeding strategies create resilient varieties. Here, we hypothesize that wild Coffee display unique compared other Coffea reflecting adaptations seasonally dry environments. We used the architectural analysis describe three Baracoffea compare them known cultivated Coffee. Field studies were conducted two contrasting sites focusing on natively growing environments: ambongensis, C. bissetiae, boinensis. Structural at whole plant scale measured across developmental stages using morphological analyses. Our results suggest characterize Barracoffea such as rhythmic growth, terminal flowering short shoots, species-specific strategies. These findings highlight diversity Baracoffea, identify potential key drivers ecological adaptation therefore highlights this group for climate-

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Bark DOI
Simcha Lev‐Yadun

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 7

Published: Dec. 16, 2022

Abstract Bark comprises all the tissues outside vascular cambium of seed plants. Most bark woody plants develops from three secondary meristems: that gives rise to phloem, phellogen cork and dilatation meristem produces parenchyma cells prevent cracking when axis increases in diameter. Some outer young organs is made primary originating procambium, ground protoderm. have a critical role defending pathogens herbivores through their physical chemical properties. They also defend environmental hazards such as sun irradiation, desiccation, wind, flooding, hail, snow thick, fire. The has storage transport organic molecules water, many contributes photosynthesis. Many various defensive toxic substances found barks are used by humans medicines, spices for industries. Gene exploring became more common recent years expected result identifying beneficial agriculture, medicine, food industry. Key Concepts plant. majority avoid formation regulated several plant hormones, mainly auxin, ethylene, jasmonates gibberellins. After wounding, induced hormones ethylene jasmonic acid induces (wound) traumatic resin or gum ducts species. functions storage, defence herbivores, stresses including irradiation products (e.g. fibres, food, resins, rubber, pigments, poisons, cork) been since antiquity. Defence included prickles, thorns, toxins, mechanical hardness, aposematic (warning) colouration, camouflage undermining herbivore camouflage.

Language: Английский

Citations

0