The global distribution of angiosperm genome size is shaped by climate

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 242(2), P. 744 - 759

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Angiosperms, which inhabit diverse environments across all continents, exhibit significant variation in genome sizes, making them an excellent model system for examining hypotheses about the global distribution of size. These include previously proposed large constraint, mutational hazard, polyploidy-mediated, and climate-mediated hypotheses. We compiled largest size dataset to date, encompassing 16 017 (> 5% known) angiosperm species, analyzed using a comprehensive geographic angiosperms. observed that angiosperms with range sizes generally had small genomes, supporting constraint hypothesis. Climate was shown exert strong influence on along latitudinal gradient, while frequency polyploidy type growth form negligible effects. In contrast unimodal patterns gradient by plant traits polyploid proportions, increase from equator 40-50°N/S is probably mediated different (mostly climatic) mechanisms than decrease 40 50°N northward. Our analysis suggests mainly shaped climatically purifying selection, genetic drift, relaxed environmental filtering.

Language: Английский

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Global analysis of Poales diversification – parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 242(2), P. 727 - 743

Published: Nov. 27, 2023

Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders plants often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites traits. We test six hypotheses regarding evolution assembly in closed habitats throughout world, examine whether diversification patterns demonstrate parallel evolution. sampled 42% species obtained taxonomic biogeographic data from World Checklist Vascular Plants database, which was combined with open/closed habitat scored experts. A dated supertree constructed. integrated spatial phylogenetics regionalisation analyses, historical biogeography ancestral state estimations. Diversification result dynamic evolutionary processes that vary across lineages, time space, prominently tropical southern latitudes. Our results reveal recurrent trait transitions species-rich families Poaceae Cyperaceae. Smaller display divergent trajectories. The have achieved global dominance via notable, spatially phylogenetically restricted divergences into strictly habitats.

Language: Английский

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Evolution of genome size and GC content in the tribe Carduinae (Asteraceae)

Preslia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(1), P. 185 - 213

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Genome size and GC content are basic species-specific attributes often delimiting genera or higher taxa, which enable the identification of polyploidy, hybridization other modes genome karyotype evolution. The evolution these genomic traits can occur as a result selective pressure environment. Here, we reconstruct in subtribe Carduinae (Asteraceae) context changes chromosome numbers. Using flow cytometry, were estimated for 119 taxa mapped onto phylogenetic tree constructed using sequences from seven genetic markers. In addition, data compared with length stomatal guard cells achene (length, weight) to evaluate extent characters could evolve adaptively this subtribe. We found strong signals analysed phenotypic traits, delimited most clades agreement reconstructed phylogeny. Monoploid was positively correlated cell length. Cirsium, whose species focus majority analyses, large-genomed subgen. Lophiolepis had smaller cells, might be related it occurring more xeric habitats Cirsium. contrast, achenes larger, possibly response summer drought, whereas weight independent across Thus, under weak environmental control, at least that mediated by achenes. Achene content, have evolved drought. Carduus North American Cirsium there is an increase average reduction monoploid number, suggesting descending dysploidy associated chromosomal fusion. Polyploidy relatively rare confirmed only five studied, including vulgare, invasive likely originated via distant (intersubgeneric) hybridization, suggested its intermediate features combined conflict between morphology position. Phylogenetic reconstruction, differences parameters, well sizes support separation monophyletic remainder results also indicate early diverging italicum separated rest Lophiolepis+Picnomon+Notobasis clade.

Language: Английский

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Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly for Clubrush (Bolboschoenus planiculmis) Indicates a Karyotype with High Chromosome Number and Heterogeneous Centromere Distribution

Genome Biology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract Bolboschoenus planiculmis (F.Schmidt) T.V.Egorova is a typical wetland plant in the species-rich Cyperaceae family. This species contributes prominently to carbon dynamics and trophic integration ecosystems. Previous studies have reported that chromosomes of B. are holocentric; i.e. they kinetic activity along their entire length carry multiple centromeres. feature was suggested lead rapid genome evolution through chromosomal fissions fusions participate diversification ecological success genus. However, specific mechanism remains uncertain, partly due scarcity genetic information on Bolboschoenus. We present here first chromosome-level assembly for planiculmis. Through high-quality long-read short-read data, together with chromatin conformation using Hi-C technology, ultimate 238.01 Mb contig N50 value 3.61 Mb. Repetitive elements constituted 37.04% genome, 18,760 protein-coding genes were predicted. The low proportion long terminal repeat retrotransposons (∼9.62%) similar other species. Ks (synonymous substitutions per synonymous site) distribution no recent large-scale duplication this genome. haploid contained large number 54 pseudochromosomes small mean size 4.10 Mb, covering most karyotype. results centromere detection support not all centromeres, indicating more efforts needed fully reveal style holocentricity cyperids its evolutionary significance.

Language: Английский

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Genome size variation and whole-genome duplications in the monocot order Poales

Plant Systematics and Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 311(1)

Published: Jan. 22, 2025

Language: Английский

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Genome size variation in Cape schoenoid sedges (Schoeneae) and its ecophysiological consequences

American Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 111(8)

Published: May 2, 2024

Increases in genome size plants-often associated with larger, low-density stomata and greater water-use efficiency (WUE)-could affect plant ecophysiological hydraulic function. Variation is often due to polyploidy, having occurred repeatedly the austral sedge genus Schoenus Cape Floristic Region (CFR), while species other major schoenoid region, Tetraria, have smaller genomes. Comparing these genera useful as they co-occur at landscape level, under broadly similar bioclimatic conditions. We hypothesized that CFR WUE, lower maximum stomatal conductance (g

Language: Английский

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The smallest angiosperm genomes may be the price for effective traps of bladderworts

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 15, 2024

Species of the carnivorous family Lentibulariaceae exhibit smallest genomes in flowering plants. We explored hypothesis that their minute result from unique mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (COX) mutation. The mutation may boost efficiency, which is especially useful for suction-bladder traps Utricularia, but also increase DNA-damaging reactive oxygen species, leading to genome shrinkage through deletion-biased DNA repair. aimed explore this mutation's impact on size, providing insights into genetic roles plant evolution under environmental pressures.

Language: Английский

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Global analysis of Poales diversification – parallel evolution in space and time into open and closed habitats

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 16, 2023

Summary Poales are one of the most species-rich, ecologically and economically important orders plants often characterise open habitats, enabled by unique suites traits. We test hypotheses that species assembled into distinct phyloregions, with centres high phylogenetic diversity endemism clustered in tropical regions, cosmopolitan families show parallel transitions closed habitats at different times. sampled 42% obtained taxonomic biogeographic data from World Checklist Vascular Plants database, which was combined open/closed habitat scored experts. A dated supertree constructed. integrated spatial phylogenetics regionalization analyses, historical biogeography, ancestral state estimations, models contingent evolution. Diversification assembly result dynamic evolutionary processes vary across lineages, time, space, traits, prominently southern latitudes. Our results reveal recurrent patterns trait species-rich Poaceae Cyperaceae, yet other smaller display trajectories. The have achieved global dominance via evolution notable, spatially phylogenetically restricted divergences strictly habitats.

Language: Английский

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A non‐homogeneous model of chromosome‐number evolution to reveal shifts in the transition patterns across the phylogeny

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 238(4), P. 1733 - 1744

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

Summary Changes in chromosome numbers, including polyploidy and dysploidy events, play a key role eukaryote evolution as they could expediate reproductive isolation have the potential to foster phenotypic diversification. Deciphering pattern of chromosome‐number change within phylogeny currently relies on probabilistic evolutionary models. All available models assume time homogeneity, such that transition rates are identical throughout phylogeny. Here, we develop heterogeneous allow multiple regimes operate distinct parts The partition may be specified by researcher or, alternatively, identified using sequential testing approach. Once number locations shifts determined, second search phase identifies with similar dynamics, which indicate convergent evolution. Using simulations, study performance developed model detect patterns demonstrate its applicability analyzing numbers Cyperaceae plant family. extends capabilities should particularly helpful for analyses large phylogenies include subclades.

Language: Английский

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Centromere drive may propel the evolution of chromosome and genome size in plants

Annals of Botany, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 134(6), P. 1067 - 1076

Published: Aug. 28, 2024

Abstract Background Genome size is influenced by natural selection and genetic drift acting on variations from polyploidy repetitive DNA sequences. We hypothesized that centromere drive, where centromeres compete for inclusion in the functional gamete during meiosis, may also affect genome chromosome size. This competition occurs asymmetric only one of four meiotic products becomes a gamete. If drive influences evolution, it impact post-polyploid diploidization, polyploid restructured to function more like diploid through chromosomal rearrangements, including fusions. tested if plant lineages with meiosis exhibit faster evolution compared those symmetric which lack as all become gametes. examined positive centromeric histone H3 (CENH3), protein can suppress frequent these lineages. Methods analysed groups different modes: gymnosperms angiosperms, bryophytes, lycophytes ferns. selected species based available CENH3 gene sequences data. Using Ornstein–Uhlenbeck evolutionary models phylogenetic regressions, we assessed rates frequency clades. Results Our analyses showed clades have higher increased Conclusions findings support hypothesis accelerates potentially influencing process diploidization. propose model single framework helps explain stability (bryophytes, ferns) its variability (gymnosperms angiosperms), providing foundation future research evolution.

Language: Английский

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